Cyclohexanol, Para tertiary butylphenol formaldehyde resin, 4-Nonanoylmorpholine

Cyclohexanol: ʻO Cyclohexanol ka hui pū me ke ʻano HOCH (CH 2 ) 5 . Pili ka mole i ka cyclohexane e ke kuapo o hoʻokahi hydrogen atom e kahi hui hydroxyl. Aia kēia hui ma ke ʻano he ʻole coloured coloured me kahi ʻala like camphor, kahi, ke maʻemaʻe loa, hoʻoheheʻe kokoke i ka mahana o ka lumi. Hana ʻia he mau piliona mau kilokika i kēlā me kēia makahiki, ʻo ka mea nui ma mua o ka nylon.
ʻO ka resin terylary butylphenol formaldehyde ʻO ka resin butylphenol formaldehyde resin i ʻike ʻia ʻo resin p-tert-butylphenol-formaldehyde resin (PTBP-FR) a i ʻole 4- (1,1-dimethylethyl) phenol kahi resin phenol-formaldehyde i loaʻa i nā lina kalepa, a me nā adhesives i hoʻohana ʻia i ʻili paʻa a me ka lākeke. He laulā ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā ʻoihana like ʻole a hiki ke loaʻa i nā mea he nui o ka home a me nā huahana lole, a ke hoʻohana ʻia ia i ka hana ʻana i nā kāmaʻa.
4-Nonanoylmorpholine: ʻO 4-Nonanoylmorpholine kahi amide o ka pelargonic acid a me ka morpholine.
2,4-DB: 2,4-DB a i ʻole 4 (2,4-dichlorophenoxy) butyric acid kahi ʻōnaehana phenoxy herbic i wae ʻia e mālama ai i nā mauʻu lau ākea ākea makahiki a mau hoʻi i nā alfalfa, nā pī, nā soya, a me nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe. ʻO kāna metabolite hana, 2,4-D, kāohi i ka ulu ʻana ma nā kihi o nā koʻokoʻo a me nā aʻa. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ia i ka papa ʻeʻehia III. Hōʻike ia i kekahi mau hōʻike o ka ʻona i nā ʻīlio a me nā pōpoki, e like me ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke kaumaha o ke kino a hoʻemi ʻia ka nui o nā keiki, ke hānai ʻia i 25-80 milligrams i kēlā me kēia kilokilo o ke kaumaha o ke kino no nā kau lōʻihi. Ua loaʻa nā hopena like ʻole i nā hoʻāʻo ʻana o ka carcinogenicity i kēia pae. He mea ʻawahia ia i ka iʻa.
Nitrofen: ʻO Nitrofen kahi lāʻau make o ka diphenyl ether papa. Ma muli o nā hopohopo e pili ana i kāna carcinogenicity, ua pāpā ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana o nitrofen i ka European Union a me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa mai ka makahiki 1996. Ua pani ʻia e nā mea hoʻopāpā enzyme protoporphyrinogen oxidase e like me acifluorfen a me fomesafen.
ʻO Dopamine: ʻO Dopamine kahi neurotransmitter e hana i nā kuleana nui i ka lolo a me ke kino. He kemikaola ia o ka catecholamine a me nā ʻohana phenethylamine. ʻO Dopamine kahi 80% o ka maʻi catecholamine i ka lolo. He amine synthesized ia e ka lawe ʻana i kahi hui carboxyl mai kahi mole o kāna kemikū mua, ʻo L-DOPA, i synthesize ʻia i ka lolo a me nā puʻupaʻa. Hoʻokomo pū ʻia ʻo Dopamine i nā mea kanu a me ka hapa nui o nā holoholona. I ka lolo, hana ka dopamine ma ke ʻano he neurotransmitter - kahi kemika i hoʻokuʻu ʻia e nā neurons e hoʻouna i nā hōʻailona i nā hunaola ʻē aʻe. Hoʻopili ka lolo i nā ala dopamine ʻokoʻa, kahi o kekahi e hana nui i ka ʻāpana hoʻoikaika o ka hana hoʻowalewale uku. ʻO ka kakali o ka nui o nā ʻano makana e hoʻonui ai i ka kiʻekiʻe o ka dopamine i ka lolo, a he nui nā lāʻau hoʻowalewale e hoʻonui i ka hoʻokuʻu o ka dopamine a i ʻole ālai i kāna kiʻi hou ʻana i nā neurons ma hope o ka hoʻokuʻu. Hoʻopili nā ala dopamine lolo ʻē aʻe i ka kaʻa kaʻa a i ka kaohi ʻana i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o nā hormones like ʻole. Kūkulu kēia mau alahele a me nā hui pūnaewele i kahi ʻōnaehana dopamine ʻo neuromodulatory ia.
Tris (2-aminoethyl) amine: ʻO Tris (2-aminoethyl) amine ka mea hui pū me ke ʻano N (CH 2 CH 2 NH 2 ) 3 . Hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia kēia wai kala ʻole i ka wai a he kumu nui ia, ʻo ia kahi kikowaena amine kiʻekiʻe a ʻekolu mau pūʻulu amine mua. ʻO ka tren pōkole , ʻo ia ka ligand tripodal archetypal o ka hoihoi i ka kemika hoʻohui.
4- (2-carboxyphenyl) -2-oxobut-3-enoate aldolase: I ka enzymology, he 4- (2-carboxyphenyl) -2-oxobut-3-enoate aldolase (EC 4.1.2.34 ) kahi enzyme e catalyzed i ka hopena kemika (3Z) -4- (2-carboxyphenyl) -2-oxobut-3-enoate + H 2 O 2-formylbenzoate + pyruvate
Naphthoate synthase: I loko o ka enzymology 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoyl-CoA synthase kahi enzyme e catalyzed i ke ono o ka anu u i loko o ka biosynthesis o phylloquinone a me menaquinone, nā ʻano ʻelua o ka huaʻai K. I E. E. naphthoyl-CoA synthase, i ʻike ʻia ma mua ʻo naphthoate synthase, i hoʻopili ʻia e menB a hoʻohana iā O-succinylbenzoyl-CoA ma ke ʻano he substrate a hoʻohuli iā ia i 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoyl-CoA.
2C-T-21: ʻO 2C-T-21 kahi phenethylamine psychedelic o ka ʻohana 2C i kekahi manawa i hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he entheogen. Ua hana mua ʻia e Alexander Shulgin.
HEPES: ʻO HEPES kahi ʻāpana buffering acid zwitterionic sulfonic; ʻo kekahi o nā buffers he iwakālua. Hoʻohana ākea ʻo HEPES i ka moʻomeheu cell, ʻo ka mea nui no ka mea ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka mālama ʻana i ka PH physiological me ke ʻano o ka loli ʻana o ke kalepona kalapona ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā buffer bicarbonate, kahi i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i ka moʻomeheu cell. Hoʻoemi ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka wai me ka mahana o ka hāʻule, akā ʻo ka dissociation mau (pK) o nā pale ʻē aʻe he nui ʻaʻole e loli me ka mahana. Ua like ka HEPES me ka wai i ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi o kāna dissociation i ka emi ʻana o ka mahana. Hana kēia i HEPES i mea lawelawe buffering ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi no ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana enzyme a me ka hana ma nā mahana haʻahaʻa. Lepe-Zuniga et al. ua hōʻike ʻia kahi hana photochemical i makemake ʻole ʻia kahi HEPES ke hōʻike ʻia i ke kukui ākea e hana i ka hydrogen peroxide, ʻaʻole ia he pilikia i nā buffers moʻomeheu bicarbonate. No laila, ʻōlelo ikaika ʻia e mālama i nā hopena HEPES i loko o ka pouli i hiki ke pale aku i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa.
7-Phloroeckol: 7-Phloroeckol kahi phlorotannin i loaʻa i loko o ka edible brown algae arame a me turuarame.
Eckol: ʻO Eckol kahi phlorotannin i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia mai nā limu ʻeleʻele i loko o ka ʻohana Lessoniaceae e like me nā ʻano ma ka genus Ecklonia e like me E. cava a i ʻole E. kurome a i ʻole ka genus Eisenia e like me Eisenia bicyclis .
Alapona Sinapyl: ʻO ka waiʻona Sinapyl kahi hui kūlohelohe e pili ana i ka cinnamic acid. Hoʻokomo ʻia ia ma o ke ala biokimia phenylpropanoid, ʻo ia ka mea e hele mua ana me sinapaldehyde. ʻO kēia phytochemical kekahi o nā monolignols, i mua o ka lignin a i ʻole nā ​​lignans. ʻO ia kekahi i mua o ka biosynthetic i nā stilbenoids a me nā coumarins.
DMTMM: ʻO DMTMM kahi kuhi triazine kūlohelohe i hoʻohana mau ʻia no ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā ʻakika carboxylic, no ka synthes amide ʻO ka hoʻopili amide kekahi o nā hopena maʻamau i ka kemikaola a ʻo DMTMM kahi mea hoʻohana i hoʻohana ʻia no ia hopena. ʻO ke ʻano o ka hoʻopili ʻana o DMTMM e like me nā hopena hoʻohui like amide maʻamau e pili ana i nā acid carboxylic activated. ʻO kāna mea mua, 2-chloro-4,6, -dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazine (CDMT), ua hoʻohana pū ʻia no ka hoʻohui amide. Ua hoʻohana ʻia ʻo DMTMM e synthesize i nā hui hana carboxylic ʻē aʻe e like me nā esters a me nā anhydrides. Hoʻohana mau ʻia ʻo DMTMM i ke ʻano chloride akā loaʻa pū ka paʻakai tetrafluoroborate.
4 (4-Methylphenyl) -4-oxobutanoic acid: 4- (4-Methylphenyl) -4-oxobutanoic acid kahi ʻakika carboxylic ʻokanika. Hoʻohana ʻia ka hoʻomākaukau o ia no ke aʻo laepua o ke kemika kemika kemika.
4 (4-Methylphenyl) -4-oxobutanoic acid: 4- (4-Methylphenyl) -4-oxobutanoic acid kahi ʻakika carboxylic ʻokanika. Hoʻohana ʻia ka hoʻomākaukau o ia no ke aʻo laepua o ke kemika kemika kemika.
Azo lila: Azo violet (4- (4-nitrophenylazo) resorcinol) (a i ʻole p-nitrobenzeneazoresorcinol) kahi pūhui azo azo me ke ʻano kemika C 12 H 9 N 3 O 4 . Hoʻohana ʻia ia ma ke ʻano pāʻoihana e like me ka waihoʻoluʻu viola a me ka hoʻokolohua ma ke ʻano he hōʻailona pH, e ʻike ʻia ka melemele ma lalo o ka pH 11, a me ka viole ma luna o ka PH 13. Huli pū kekahi i ka polū hohonu i ke kū ʻana o ka paʻakai magnesium i kahi alkaline iki, a i ʻole kumu o ke kaiapuni. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i ka viole violet no ka hōʻike ʻana i ke alo o nā ioni amonium. ʻO ke kala o ka amonium chloride a i ʻole ka amonium hydroxide solution e loli ma muli o ka paʻa o azo violet i hoʻohana ʻia.
4 (4-Methylphenyl) -4-oxobutanoic acid: 4- (4-Methylphenyl) -4-oxobutanoic acid kahi ʻakika carboxylic ʻokanika. Hoʻohana ʻia ka hoʻomākaukau o ia no ke aʻo laepua o ke kemika kemika kemika.
Azo lila: Azo violet (4- (4-nitrophenylazo) resorcinol) (a i ʻole p-nitrobenzeneazoresorcinol) kahi pūhui azo azo me ke ʻano kemika C 12 H 9 N 3 O 4 . Hoʻohana ʻia ia ma ke ʻano pāʻoihana e like me ka waihoʻoluʻu viola a me ka hoʻokolohua ma ke ʻano he hōʻailona pH, e ʻike ʻia ka melemele ma lalo o ka pH 11, a me ka viole ma luna o ka PH 13. Huli pū kekahi i ka polū hohonu i ke kū ʻana o ka paʻakai magnesium i kahi alkaline iki, a i ʻole kumu o ke kaiapuni. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i ka viole violet no ka hōʻike ʻana i ke alo o nā ioni amonium. ʻO ke kala o ka amonium chloride a i ʻole ka amonium hydroxide solution e loli ma muli o ka paʻa o azo violet i hoʻohana ʻia.
6-Hydroxy-3-succinoylpyridine 3-monooxygenase: 6-hydroxy-3-succinoylpyridine 3-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.13.163 , 6-hydroxy-3-succinoylpyridine hydroxylase , hspA (ʻāpana) , hspB (ʻāpana) ) kahi enzyme me ka inoa ʻōnaehana 4- (6-hydroxypyridin-3- yl) -4-oxobutanoate, NADH: oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating, succinate semialdehyde e hoʻokuʻu ana) . Hoʻopili kēia enzyme i ka hopena kemika i lalo 4- (6-hydroxypyridin-3-yl) -4-oxobutanoate + 2 NADH + 2 H + + O 2 2,5-dihydroxypyridine + sucialate semialdehyde + 2 NAD + + H 2 O
6-Hydroxy-3-succinoylpyridine 3-monooxygenase: 6-hydroxy-3-succinoylpyridine 3-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.13.163 , 6-hydroxy-3-succinoylpyridine hydroxylase , hspA (ʻāpana) , hspB (ʻāpana) ) kahi enzyme me ka inoa ʻōnaehana 4- (6-hydroxypyridin-3- yl) -4-oxobutanoate, NADH: oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating, succinate semialdehyde e hoʻokuʻu ana) . Hoʻopili kēia enzyme i ka hopena kemika i lalo 4- (6-hydroxypyridin-3-yl) -4-oxobutanoate + 2 NADH + 2 H + + O 2 2,5-dihydroxypyridine + sucialate semialdehyde + 2 NAD + + H 2 O
Trimellitic anhydride koloride: ʻO Trimellitic anhydride chloride kahi hui kemika i hoʻohana ʻia e hana i ka lula polyamide-imide.
4- (Gamma-L-glutamylamino) butanoyl- (BtrI acyl-carrier protein) monooxygenase: 4- (gamma-L-glutamylamino) butanoyl- (BtrI acyl-carrier protein) monooxygenase (EC 1.14.14.13 , btrO (ʻāpana) ) kahi ʻākena me kahi inoa ʻōnaehana 4- (gamma-L-glutamylamino) butanoyl- (BtrI acyl -c protein protein), FMN: oxygen oxidoreductase (2-hydroxylating) . Hoʻopili kēia enzyme i ka hopena kemika i lalo 4- (gamma-L-glutamylamino) butanoyl- [BtrI acyl-carrier protein] + FMNH2 + O 2 4 (gamma-L-glutamylamino) - (2S) -2-hydroxybutanoyl- [BtrI acyl-carrier protein] + FMN + H 2 O
ʻO Azacyclonol: ʻO Azacyclonol , i kapa ʻia ʻo γ-pipradrol , kahi lāʻau i ataractive; kahi agena e hōʻemi ana i nā hallucination ma psychotic kanaka. Ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia he tranquilizer a antipsychotic, ʻoiai ʻaʻole pololei kēia mau wehewehe ʻana inā ʻaʻohe ona ʻano maoli. ʻOiai he isomer kūlana o ka pipradrol, ʻaʻole ia he psychostimulant, a ma kahi o nā hopena depressant māmā.
Gastrodigenin: ʻO Gastrodigenin kahi hui phenolic i loaʻa i ka rhizome o Gastrodia elata .
Gamma-glutamyl-gamma-aminobutyrate hydrolase: I ka enzymology, he gamma-glutamyl-gamma-aminobutyrate hydrolase (EC 3.5.1.94 ) kahi enzyme e catalyze i ka hopena kemika 4- (gamma-glutamylamino) butanoate + H 2 O 4-aminobutanoate + L-glutamate
NNK: Loaʻa ʻia ʻo Nicotine nitrosamine ketone ( NNK ) kekahi o nā nitrosamines kikoʻī paka i loaʻa mai nā nikotine. He mea nui ia i ka carcinogenesis. ʻO ka hoʻololi ʻana o nikotine i NNK pili i ka wehe ʻana o ke apo pyrrolidine.
Pyridoxamine: ʻO Pyridoxamine kekahi ʻano o ka wikamina B 6 . Hoʻokumu ʻia ke kemika ma ke ʻano o ke apo pyridine, me ka hydroxyl, methyl, aminomethyl, a me nā hydroxymethyl substituents. ʻOkoʻa ia mai pyridoxine e ka mea pani ma ke kūlana 4. ʻO ka hydroxyl ma ke kūlana 3 a me ka hui aminomethyl ma ke kūlana 4 o kāna apo e hāʻawi i ka pyridoxamine me nā ʻano kemika like ʻole, e like me ka ʻoki ʻana o nā lāhui radical manuahi a me nā ʻano carbonyl i hana ʻia i ke kō a me ka lipid degradation a me ka chelation o nā ion i hiki ke hoʻopili i nā hopena Amadori.
Gastrodin: ʻO Gastrodin kahi hui kemika ʻo ia ka glucoside o gastrodigenin. Ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ia mai ka orchid Gastrodia elata a mai ka rhizome o Galeola faberi . Hiki iā ia ke hana ʻia e ka biotransformation o 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde na Datura tatula cell culture.
4-Hydroxybenzoic acid 4-O-glucoside: 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid 4- O -glucoside kahi glucoside o ka p -hydroxybenzoic acid . Hiki ke loaʻa i nā aʻa mycorrhizal a me nā non-mycorrhizal o Nūpepa spruces.
4-Hydroxybenzoic acid 4-O-glucoside: 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid 4- O -glucoside kahi glucoside o ka p -hydroxybenzoic acid . Hiki ke loaʻa i nā aʻa mycorrhizal a me nā non-mycorrhizal o Nūpepa spruces.
4 (cytidine 5'-diphospho) -2-C-methyl-D-erythritol kinase: I ka enzymology, he 4- (cytidine 5'-diphospho) -2-C-methyl-D-erythritol kinase kahi enzyme e catalyzed i ka hopena kemika ATP + 4-diphosphocytidyl-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 2-phosphate ADP + 4-diphosphocytidyl-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 2-phosphate
4-Dimethylamino-4- (p-tolyl) cyclohexanone: 4-Dimethylamino-4- ( p -tolyl) cyclohexanone kahi analgesic narcotic me kahi hanana kemika arylcyclohexylamine. Ua hoʻomohala ʻia e Daniel Lednicer ma Upjohn i nā makahiki 1970. Loaʻa iā ia ka like o ka analgesic ikaika e like me morphine, me nā analogue kahi i pani ʻia ka hui p -methyl e chlorine a i ʻole bromine e nāwaliwali iki. Eia nō naʻe nā derivatives kahi i hana ʻia ai ka hui ketone me kahi mea hana Grignard e hoʻohui i kahi phenethyl substitution he mau haneli mau manawa ka ikaika, a i kēia moʻo ʻo ia ka bromo compound BDPC ʻo ia ka mea mana loa.
4-Dimethylaminopyridine: 4-Dimethylaminopyridine ( DMAP ) kahi hua o pyridine me ke ʻano kemika (CH 3 ) 2 NC 5 H 4 N. He hoihoi kēia paʻa kala ʻole no ka mea ʻoi aku ke kumu o ia ma mua o ka pyridine, no ka stabilon resonance mai ka NMe 2 substituent. .
4 (dimethylamino) phenylazoxybenzene hoʻoliʻiliʻi: I ka enzymology, he 4- (dimethylamino) phenylazoxybenzene reductase (EC 1.7.1.11 ) kahi enzyme e catalyzed i ka hopena kemika 4- (dimethylamino) phenylazobenzene + NADP + 4- (dimethylamino) phenylazoxybenzene + NADPH + H +
4 (dimethylamino) phenylazoxybenzene hoʻoliʻiliʻi: I ka enzymology, he 4- (dimethylamino) phenylazoxybenzene reductase (EC 1.7.1.11 ) kahi enzyme e catalyzed i ka hopena kemika 4- (dimethylamino) phenylazobenzene + NADP + 4- (dimethylamino) phenylazoxybenzene + NADPH + H +
ʻO Hydroxydechloroatrazine ethylaminioxidolase: I loko o ka enzymology, he hydroxydechloroatrazine ethylaminioxidolase (EC 3.5.99.3 ) kahi enzyme e catalyzed ka hopena kemika 4- (ethylamino) -2-hydroxy-6- (isopropylamino) -1,3,5-triazine + H 2 O N-isopropylammelide + ethylamine
4- (Gamma-L-glutamylamino) butanoyl- (BtrI acyl-carrier protein) monooxygenase: 4- (gamma-L-glutamylamino) butanoyl- (BtrI acyl-carrier protein) monooxygenase (EC 1.14.14.13 , btrO (ʻāpana) ) kahi ʻākena me kahi inoa ʻōnaehana 4- (gamma-L-glutamylamino) butanoyl- (BtrI acyl -c protein protein), FMN: oxygen oxidoreductase (2-hydroxylating) . Hoʻopili kēia enzyme i ka hopena kemika i lalo 4- (gamma-L-glutamylamino) butanoyl- [BtrI acyl-carrier protein] + FMNH2 + O 2 4 (gamma-L-glutamylamino) - (2S) -2-hydroxybutanoyl- [BtrI acyl-carrier protein] + FMN + H 2 O
4- (Gamma-L-glutamylamino) butanoyl- (BtrI acyl-carrier protein) monooxygenase: 4- (gamma-L-glutamylamino) butanoyl- (BtrI acyl-carrier protein) monooxygenase (EC 1.14.14.13 , btrO (ʻāpana) ) kahi ʻākena me kahi inoa ʻōnaehana 4- (gamma-L-glutamylamino) butanoyl- (BtrI acyl -c protein protein), FMN: oxygen oxidoreductase (2-hydroxylating) . Hoʻopili kēia enzyme i ka hopena kemika i lalo 4- (gamma-L-glutamylamino) butanoyl- [BtrI acyl-carrier protein] + FMNH2 + O 2 4 (gamma-L-glutamylamino) - (2S) -2-hydroxybutanoyl- [BtrI acyl-carrier protein] + FMN + H 2 O
4- (Gamma-L-glutamylamino) butanoyl- (BtrI acyl-carrier protein) monooxygenase: 4- (gamma-L-glutamylamino) butanoyl- (BtrI acyl-carrier protein) monooxygenase (EC 1.14.14.13 , btrO (ʻāpana) ) kahi ʻākena me kahi inoa ʻōnaehana 4- (gamma-L-glutamylamino) butanoyl- (BtrI acyl -c protein protein), FMN: oxygen oxidoreductase (2-hydroxylating) . Hoʻopili kēia enzyme i ka hopena kemika i lalo 4- (gamma-L-glutamylamino) butanoyl- [BtrI acyl-carrier protein] + FMNH2 + O 2 4 (gamma-L-glutamylamino) - (2S) -2-hydroxybutanoyl- [BtrI acyl-carrier protein] + FMN + H 2 O
4 (γ-Glutamylamino) butanoic acid: 4 (γ-Glutamylamino) butanoic acid he mole i pili i ka L -glutamate i hoʻopili ʻia i ka acid-aminobutyric acid (GABA) ʻO ia ka substrate o ka enzyme γ-glutamyl-γ-aminobutyrate hydrolase, i pili i ka biosynthesis o polyamines.
Nitroquinoline-N-oxide hōʻemi: I ka enzymology, he nitroquinoline-N-oxide reductase (EC 1.7.1.9 ) kahi enzyme e catalyzed i ka hopena kemika 4- (hydroxyamino) quinoline N-oxide + 2 NAD (P) + + H 2 O 4-nitroquinoline N-oxide + 2 NAD (P) H + 2 H +	I ka enzymology, he nitroquinoline-N-oxide reductase (EC 1.7.1.9 ) kahi enzyme e catalyzed i ka hopena kemika 4- (hydroxyamino) quinoline N-oxide + 2 NAD (P) + + H 2 O
ʻO Azacyclonol: ʻO Azacyclonol , i kapa ʻia ʻo γ-pipradrol , kahi lāʻau i ataractive; kahi agena e hōʻemi ana i nā hallucination ma psychotic kanaka. Ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia he tranquilizer a antipsychotic, ʻoiai ʻaʻole pololei kēia mau wehewehe ʻana inā ʻaʻohe ona ʻano maoli. ʻOiai he isomer kūlana o ka pipradrol, ʻaʻole ia he psychostimulant, a ma kahi o nā hopena depressant māmā.
4- (hydroxymethyl) benzenesulfonate dehydrogenase: I loko o ka enzymology, he 4- (hydroxymethyl) benzenesulfonate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.257 ) kahi enzyme e catalyzed i ka hopena kemika 4 (hydroxymethyl) benzenesulfonate + NAD + 4-formylbenzenesulfonate + NADH + H +
4- (hydroxymethyl) benzenesulfonate dehydrogenase: I loko o ka enzymology, he 4- (hydroxymethyl) benzenesulfonate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.257 ) kahi enzyme e catalyzed i ka hopena kemika 4 (hydroxymethyl) benzenesulfonate + NAD + 4-formylbenzenesulfonate + NADH + H +
Gastrodigenin: ʻO Gastrodigenin kahi hui phenolic i loaʻa i ka rhizome o Gastrodia elata .
4-hydroxyphenylacetate decarboxylase: I loko o ka enzymology, he 4-hydroxyphenylacetate decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.83 ) kahi enzyme e catalyzed i ka hopena kemika (4-hydroxyphenyl) ʻākeka + H + 4-methylphenol + CO 2
2C-O-4: ʻO 2C-O-4 ( 4-isopropoxy-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine ) he phenethylamine o ka ʻohana 2C. ʻO ia kahi isomer kūlana isoproscaline a hoʻonohonoho ʻia paha e Alexander Shulgin. Hana ia i nā hopena hallucinogenic, psychedelic, a me entheogenic. Ma muli o ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o 2C-O-4, a me ka hana ʻole o 2C-O, ua manaʻo ʻo Shulgin ʻaʻole e lilo ka ʻāpana 2C-O i wahi hoihoi no ka noiʻi, a ʻaʻole i alualu i kekahi ʻano analog.
Isoproscaline: ʻO Isoproscaline a i ʻole 4-isopropoxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine kahi analog o mescaline. Pili loa ia i ka proscaline a ua hana mua ʻia e David E. Nichols. Hana ia i nā hopena hallucinogenic, psychedelic, a me entheogenic.
Pseudooxynicotine oxidase: ʻO Pseudooxynicotine oxidase (EC 1.4.3.24 ) kahi enzyme me ka inoa ʻōnaehana 4- (methylamino) -1- (pyridin-3-yl) butan-1-one: oxygen oxidoreductase (methylamine hoʻokuʻu) . Hoʻopili kēia enzyme i ka hopena kemika i lalo 4- (methylamino) -1- (pyridin-3-yl) butan-1-one + H 2 O + O 2 4-oxo-4- (pyridin-3-yl) butanal + methylamine + H 2 O 2
Metol: ʻO Metol (a i ʻole ʻElona ) nā inoa kālepa no ka hui meaola me ka manaola [HOC 6 H 4 NH 2 (CH 3 )] HSO 4 . ʻO ia ka hydrogen sulfate (HSO 4 - ) paʻakai o ka protivated derivative o N-methylaminophenol. ʻO kēia paʻakai kala ʻole ka mea hoʻolālā kiʻi paʻi kiʻi i hoʻohana ʻia i nā kiʻi ʻeleʻele & keʻokeʻo.
NNK: Loaʻa ʻia ʻo Nicotine nitrosamine ketone ( NNK ) kekahi o nā nitrosamines kikoʻī paka i loaʻa mai nā nikotine. He mea nui ia i ka carcinogenesis. ʻO ka hoʻololi ʻana o nikotine i NNK pili i ka wehe ʻana o ke apo pyrrolidine.
2C-T-7: ʻO 2C-T-7 kahi phenethylamine psychedelic o ka ʻohana 2C. I loko o kāna puke PiHKAL: A Chemical Love Story , ua hōʻike ʻo Alexander Shulgin i ka papa hana o 10 a 30 mg. Lawe waha ʻia ʻo 2C-T-7, a hana i nā hopena psychedelic a me entactogenic i hala 8 a 15 mau hola. Piʻi a hiki i ka Operation Pūnaewele Tryp a me ʻekolu mau make, ʻelua o ia mau mea e pili ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lāʻau ʻē aʻe me ka 2C-T-7, a me kahi mea e pili ana i ka nui o ka huina insufflated, 2C-T-7 i kūʻai kūʻai ʻia aku ma nā mākeke akamai Dutch a me Iapana. pūnaewele. ʻIke ʻia ia ma nā alanui ʻo Blue Mystic a i ʻole 7Lani lani . Ua hana iki ʻia kahi noiʻi maoli e pili ana i kēia kemika ma mua o nā ʻōlelo a Shulgin ma PiHKAL a me kekahi mau haʻawina holoholona liʻiliʻi e pili ana i ka ʻimi ʻana i nā metabolites.
BDPC: ʻO BDPC (inoa ʻōnaehana 4- (4-bromophenyl) -4- (dimethylamino) -1- (2-phenylethyl) cyclohexanol ; ʻike ʻia ʻo bromadol ) kahi analgesic narcotic ikaika me kahi ʻano kemikala arylcyclohexylamine ʻokoʻa. Ua hoʻomohala ʻia e Daniel Lednicer ma Upjohn i nā makahiki 1970. Ua manaʻo ʻia nā noiʻi mua aia ma kahi o 10,000 mau manawa ka ikaika o ka morphine i nā ʻano holoholona. Eia nō naʻe, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā noiʻi ma hope e hoʻohana ana i nā ʻenehana hou aʻe i kahi waiwai o 504 mau manawa i ka ikaika o morphine no ka trans -isomer ʻoi aku ka hana. Ua lālau mua ʻia kēia lāʻau lapaʻau me ʻekolu kilokika o ka acetylfentanyl i ka hana o ka mākaʻi ma ʻApelila 25, 2013, a ua hoʻomau ʻia e loaʻa ma ka mākeke ʻeleʻele mea hoʻolālā lāʻau ma waena o ka honua. Analogues kahi o ka para -bromine i panai ʻia e ka chlorine a i ʻole CH 3 e mālama i nā hana like, e like me ka meta -hydroxy derivative.
4 (4-Methylphenyl) -4-oxobutanoic acid: 4- (4-Methylphenyl) -4-oxobutanoic acid kahi ʻakika carboxylic ʻokanika. Hoʻohana ʻia ka hoʻomākaukau o ia no ke aʻo laepua o ke kemika kemika kemika.
4 (γ-Glutamylamino) butanoic acid: 4 (γ-Glutamylamino) butanoic acid he mole i pili i ka L -glutamate i hoʻopili ʻia i ka acid-aminobutyric acid (GABA) ʻO ia ka substrate o ka enzyme γ-glutamyl-γ-aminobutyrate hydrolase, i pili i ka biosynthesis o polyamines.
Martin 4-0-4: ʻO ka Martin 4-0-4 kahi mokulele mokulele pailaka pressurized American i kūkulu ʻia e ka Hui Glenn L. Martin. Ma waho aʻe o ka hoʻohana mokulele ma mua i United States, ua hoʻohana ʻia e ka United States Coast Guard a me United Navy Navy e like me ka RM-1G .
4-1-1: ʻO 4-1-1 ka helu kelepona no ke kōkua papa kuhikuhi kūloko ma Kanada a me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. A hiki i nā 1980 mau mua, 4-1-1 a me nā kāhea pili i ka 1-1-3 manuahi i ka hapanui o nā mokuʻāina.
Hoʻonohonoho (pâʻani pôpeku): I ka pâʻani pôpeku, wehewehe ka hoʻokumu i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o nā mea pāʻani i kahi kime iā lākou iho ma ka pitch. ʻO ka pâʻani Pôpeku kahi pāʻani loli a wikiwiki hoʻi, a ʻo ke kūlana o kahi mea pāʻani i kahi hoʻokumu ʻaʻole e wehewehe i kā lākou kuleana e like me ka mea, ʻo kahi laʻana, he mea pāʻani kinipōpō, a ʻaʻohe ʻāpana i ka pāʻani kahi e kū pono ai nā mea pāʻani i ka hoʻokumu ʻana. Eia nō naʻe, hoʻonohonoho ke kūlana o kahi mea pāʻani i kahi hoʻokumu i ka nui o ka pale ʻana a i ʻole ke kūʻē ʻana paha o kahi mea pāʻani, a inā paha lākou e pāʻani i kahi ʻaoʻao o ka pitch a i waena paha.
Hoʻonohonoho (pâʻani pôpeku): I ka pâʻani pôpeku, wehewehe ka hoʻokumu i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o nā mea pāʻani i kahi kime iā lākou iho ma ka pitch. ʻO ka pâʻani Pôpeku kahi pāʻani loli a wikiwiki hoʻi, a ʻo ke kūlana o kahi mea pāʻani i kahi hoʻokumu ʻaʻole e wehewehe i kā lākou kuleana e like me ka mea, ʻo kahi laʻana, he mea pāʻani kinipōpō, a ʻaʻohe ʻāpana i ka pāʻani kahi e kū pono ai nā mea pāʻani i ka hoʻokumu ʻana. Eia nō naʻe, hoʻonohonoho ke kūlana o kahi mea pāʻani i kahi hoʻokumu i ka nui o ka pale ʻana a i ʻole ke kūʻē ʻana paha o kahi mea pāʻani, a inā paha lākou e pāʻani i kahi ʻaoʻao o ka pitch a i waena paha.
419 (disambiguation): 419 paha e kuhikuhi i: 419, ka makahiki 419 CE 419 (helu) ʻO ka hoʻopunipuni uku mua, i ʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he 419 scam , ka hoʻopunipuni ʻana o Nigeria , a me ka hoʻopunipuni hoʻoili kālā ʻo Nigeria ʻO ka code area 419, ʻo ia ka code area o ke kihi komohana ʻākau o Ohio 419, mākaʻi helu kuhi hewa no ke kino kanaka make 419 (novel) , kahi puke lanakila na Will Ferguson ʻO ke poʻo kumu no ka moʻolelo Charles Stross novel Rule 34
4-10-0: Ma lalo o ka notte Whyte no ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i nā locomotives mahu, 4-10-0 hōʻike i ka hoʻonohonoho huila o nā huila alakaʻi ʻehā, he ʻumi mau kaʻa huila a hui pū ʻia, a ʻaʻohe huila hele. ʻO El Gobernador o ka Pacific Pacific Railroad, i kūkulu ʻia i ka makahiki 1883, ʻo ia wale nō ka locomotive me kēia hoʻonohonoho huila e hana ai ma United States. Ua hoʻohana ʻia ka inoa "Mastodon" i kēia ʻano, ʻoiai ua hoʻohana hewa ʻia kēia inoa inoa no ka hoʻonohonoho 4-8-0, e alakaʻi ana i kekahi huikau. Nānā nā kumuwaiwai i ka 4-8-0 ma ke ʻano he ʻumikūmālua wili. Ma hope mai, ua kapa ʻia kēia mau locomotives "Super Mastodon's."
4-10-2: Ma lalo o ka notte Whyte no ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i nā locomotives mahu e ka hoʻonohonoho huila, ʻo 4-10-2 ke ʻano o ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o nā huila alakaʻi ʻehā, he ʻumi mau kaʻa huila a hui pū ʻia a me nā huila hele ʻelua. Ma ʻApelika Hema, kahi i hoʻohana mua ʻia ai ka hoʻonohonoho huila, ua ʻike ʻia ke ʻano he Reid Tenwheeler . Ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa o ʻAmelika ua ʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he Pākīpika Hema ma ke Alanui Pākīpika Hema a ma kahi o Overland ma ka Union Pacific Railroad.
4-1000A: ʻO ka 4-1000A / 8166 kahi tetrode radial-beam i hoʻolālā ʻia no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea leka uila. ʻO ka 4-1000A ka nui o nā paipu e like me ka 4-65A, 4-125A, 4-250A, a me ka 4-400A. Kaʻana like kēia mau paipu i kahi hālāwai inoa inoa maʻamau kahi e ʻike ai ka helu mua i ka helu o nā mea i loaʻa i loko o ka pahu. ie , ʻo ka helu "4" e hōʻike ana i ka paipu ma ke ʻano he tetrode i loaʻa nā ʻehā mau mana, a ʻo ka helu ʻelua e hōʻike ana i ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka mana hoʻomau o ka anode ma Watts. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻohana holoʻokoʻa o nā paipu i oscillator, modulator, a amplifiers.
Lau Kanaha Kanaha Lau: "ʻEhā kanahākumamāhā mau makahiki", a i ʻole "4-11-44" kahi huaʻōlelo i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i nā mele kaulana a ma ke ʻano he kuhikuhi i nā helu i koho ʻia e nā ʻAmelika ʻAmelika ʻilihune no ke kumu o ka piliwaiwai ma nā lottery. ʻO ia kahi huaʻōlelo i ʻike nui ʻia i ka 19 a i ka mua o ke kenekulia 20 i United States.
4-12-2: Ma lalo o ka notte Whyte no ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i nā locomotives mahu, 4-12-2 hōʻike i ka hoʻonohonoho huila o nā huila alakaʻi ʻehā, he ʻumikumamālua mau huila kaʻa a me ʻelua mau huila hele. Ua kapa ʻia kēia hoʻonohonoho ʻana ʻo ka Union Pacific type, ma hope o ke alahao wale nō e hoʻohana ai, ʻo Union Pacific Railroad.
4-14-4: 4-14-4 , i ka papa inoa notte Whyte o ka locomotives mahu e ka hoʻonohonoho huila, he wahi kaʻa me nā huila alakaʻi ʻehā, he ʻumikumamāhā mau huila kaʻa e hoʻokele ana i kahi paʻa paʻa, a ʻehā mau huila hele.
4-17 Ke Alanui Hema Hema: ʻO ka 4-17 Hema ʻo Speedway kahi asphalt, 3 / 8th mile racetrack ma Punta Gorda, Florida, United States. Kūkulu ʻia ke ala i ka makahiki 1990 e LeRoy Davidson nāna ia i hana a hiki i ka 1995. Ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia i ke ʻano o ka hoʻokani pila ʻana iā Super Late Models, nā hopena hope loa, nā kaʻa sprint, nā haʻuki haʻuki, nā huila huila hāmama, FASTRUCK, FASTKIDS, a me nā ʻano heihei ʻē aʻe. Ua haʻuki ʻo ia i kekahi o nā māla nui o nā hiʻohiʻona hope loa i ka Hema. Ua hōʻike ʻia ke ala i nā manawa he nui ma ka uhi o Circle Track Magazine ma ke ʻano he hoʻokahi o nā ala pōʻai kiʻekiʻe ma ka Hikina Hema o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.
ʻO nā mele mele ʻehiku nui nui: ʻO ka chord ʻehiku nui nui , a i ʻole chords hiku / hapa nui kahi hiku chord i haku ʻia me kahi aʻa, kolu liʻiliʻi, ʻelima kūpono, a me ka hiku nui. Hiki ke nānā ʻia ma ke ʻano he triad liʻiliʻi me kahi hiku nui hou aʻe. Ke hoʻohana nei i nā hōʻailona mele-makemake ʻia, ua huki ʻia e m M7 , m Δ7 , - Δ7 , mM7, m / M7, m (M7), min maj7 , m ⑦ , m ♮ 7 , m 7+ , a me nā mea like. ʻo ka chords hiku nui nui i kūkulu ʻia ma luna o C, i kākau ʻia ma ke ʻano ʻo Cm M7 , he mau kihi C – E ♭ –G – B:
4-1BB ligand: Loaʻa ʻo 4-1BBL ma nā APC a hoʻopaʻa iā 4-1BB, kahi ʻano 2 transmembrane glycoprotein receptor no ka TNF superfamily, i hōʻike ʻia ma nā T Lymphocytes i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia.
CD137: He lālā ʻo CD137 o ka ʻohana receptor tumrosros factor (TNF). ʻO nā inoa ʻē aʻe he Tumzros factor factor receptor superfamily lālā 9 (TNFRSF9), 4-1BB a hoʻokomo ʻia e ka lymphocyte activation (ILA). He hoihoi ia i nā immunologist ma ke ʻano he kolopeka checkpoint pale mū holomua.
4-1BB ligand: Loaʻa ʻo 4-1BBL ma nā APC a hoʻopaʻa iā 4-1BB, kahi ʻano 2 transmembrane glycoprotein receptor no ka TNF superfamily, i hōʻike ʻia ma nā T Lymphocytes i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia.
4-2-0: Ma lalo o ka notte Whyte no ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i nā locomotives mahu, 4-2-0 hōʻike i ka hoʻonohonoho huila o nā huila alakaʻi ʻehā ma nā axles ʻelua, ʻelua mau huila kalaiwa e holo ana ma hoʻokahi axle a ʻaʻohe huila hele. Kāhea pinepine ʻia kēia ʻano locomotive i kahi ʻano Jervis , ka inoa o ka mea hoʻolālā kumu.
Ua hailuku ʻia ʻo Rollin ': ʻO Rollin 'Stoned ka hāhā studio studio na Orange County, ka hui hip hop o California County Kottonmouth Kings. Ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia ma ʻOkakopa 8, 2002 ma lalo o Suburban Noize Records a me Capitol Records. Ke hoʻohui nei i ka rap, ka pōhaku punk, reggae, a me ka pōhaku ʻē aʻe, ʻo Rollin 'Stoned paha ke ʻano o nā mele like ʻole a nā Mōʻī i kēia lā.
Hoʻopau ʻia: I loko o kahi ʻenekini kuni kūloko, hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia ke kāhona o ka ʻōnaehana hoʻopau ("tuned") e hoʻonui i ka mana o ka ʻenekini. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā luhi i kuhi ʻia i hiki i nā nalu kaomi ke hōʻike ʻia i ke awa hoʻopau i kekahi manawa i ka pōʻaiapuni.
Kulekele hoʻokahi keiki: ʻO ke kulekele keiki hoʻokahi he ʻāpana ia o kahi papahana i hoʻolālā ʻia e kāohi i ka nui o ka lehulehu e ulu wikiwiki nei o ka People Republic of China. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia mai nā kulekele hoʻolālā ʻohana o ka hapanui o nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe, ka mea e kia ana i ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā koho no ke kōkua ʻana i nā wahine i ka nui o nā keiki a lākou e makemake ai, ua kau ʻia ka palena ma ka helu o nā hānau a hiki i nā mākua ke hana, a lilo ia i laʻana loa o ka heluna kanaka o ka honua. hoʻolālā. ʻOiai ua hoʻokumu ʻia ia ma 1978, ua hoʻokō ʻia ia ma 1979. Ua hoʻololi ʻia ke kulekele e hoʻomaka ana i ka waena o 1980 e ʻae i nā mākua kaiāulu i keiki ʻelua inā he kaikamahine ka mea mua, a laila ʻekolu mau makahiki hou aku ma mua o ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ke aupuni i ka hopena o 2015 a hoʻohuli i ka palena o nā keiki ʻelua. Ua ʻae ʻia ke kulekele i nā hoʻokoe ʻana no kekahi mau hui ʻē aʻe, e like me nā lāhui. No laila, ua kapa ʻia ka huaʻōlelo "ke kulekele keiki hoʻokahi" "misnomer", no ka mea ma kahi o 30 o 36 mau makahiki i noho ai (1979-2015), ma kahi o ka hapalua o nā mākua ma Kina i ʻae ʻia e loaʻa kahi keiki ʻelua.
Kulekele hoʻokahi keiki: ʻO ke kulekele keiki hoʻokahi he ʻāpana ia o kahi papahana i hoʻolālā ʻia e kāohi i ka nui o ka lehulehu e ulu wikiwiki nei o ka People Republic of China. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia mai nā kulekele hoʻolālā ʻohana o ka hapanui o nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe, ka mea e kia ana i ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā koho no ke kōkua ʻana i nā wahine i ka nui o nā keiki a lākou e makemake ai, ua kau ʻia ka palena ma ka helu o nā hānau a hiki i nā mākua ke hana, a lilo ia i laʻana loa o ka heluna kanaka o ka honua. hoʻolālā. ʻOiai ua hoʻokumu ʻia ia ma 1978, ua hoʻokō ʻia ia ma 1979. Ua hoʻololi ʻia ke kulekele e hoʻomaka ana i ka waena o 1980 e ʻae i nā mākua kaiāulu i keiki ʻelua inā he kaikamahine ka mea mua, a laila ʻekolu mau makahiki hou aku ma mua o ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ke aupuni i ka hopena o 2015 a hoʻohuli i ka palena o nā keiki ʻelua. Ua ʻae ʻia ke kulekele i nā hoʻokoe ʻana no kekahi mau hui ʻē aʻe, e like me nā lāhui. No laila, ua kapa ʻia ka huaʻōlelo "ke kulekele keiki hoʻokahi" "misnomer", no ka mea ma kahi o 30 o 36 mau makahiki i noho ai (1979-2015), ma kahi o ka hapalua o nā mākua ma Kina i ʻae ʻia e loaʻa kahi keiki ʻelua.
4-2-2: Ma lalo o ka notte Whyte no ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i nā locomotives mahu, 4-2-2 e hōʻike ana i ka hoʻonohonoho huila o nā huila alakaʻi ʻehā ma nā axles ʻelua, ʻelua mau huila kalaiwa e holo ana ma hoʻokahi axle, a me nā huila hele ʻelua ma hoʻokahi axle.
4-2-2-0: Ma lalo o ka notte Whyte no ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i nā locomotives mahu, 4-2-2-0 hōʻike i ka hoʻonohonoho huila o nā huila alakaʻi ʻehā ma nā axles ʻelua, ʻehā mau huila hoʻokele huikau akā ʻaʻole huila e pili ana. Ua ʻike ʻia ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana ma ke ʻano he pāpālua .
ʻO ka decimal helu helu binary: I ka hoʻolālā ʻana a me nā ʻōnaehana uila, ʻo kekimala helu pālua ( BCD ) kahi papa o nā encode helu binary o nā helu kekimala kahi e hōʻike ʻia ai kēlā me kēia huahelu e kahi helu paʻa o nā ʻāpana, ʻehā a ʻewalu paha. I kekahi manawa, hoʻohana ʻia nā lauana kūikawā no ka hōʻailona a i ʻole nā ​​hōʻailona ʻē aʻe.
ʻO ka decimal helu helu binary: I ka hoʻolālā ʻana a me nā ʻōnaehana uila, ʻo kekimala helu pālua ( BCD ) kahi papa o nā encode helu binary o nā helu kekimala kahi e hōʻike ʻia ai kēlā me kēia huahelu e kahi helu paʻa o nā ʻāpana, ʻehā a ʻewalu paha. I kekahi manawa, hoʻohana ʻia nā lauana kūikawā no ka hōʻailona a i ʻole nā ​​hōʻailona ʻē aʻe.
He ʻewalu mau kāne pāʻani pale pale: Nui a hewahewa nā papa hana pale i hoʻohana mau ʻia i ka pōpeku ʻewalu mau kāne. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā papa hana pale e ka nui o nā laina a me nā linebackers i ka hoʻokumu ʻana. ʻO nā ʻano hoʻokumu ʻekolu o ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka pōpeku ʻewalu mau kāne i mua o ʻehiku mau kāne, ʻeono mau kāne a ʻelima mau mua.
Hoʻonohonoho (pâʻani pôpeku): I ka pâʻani pôpeku, wehewehe ka hoʻokumu i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o nā mea pāʻani i kahi kime iā lākou iho ma ka pitch. ʻO ka pâʻani Pôpeku kahi pāʻani loli a wikiwiki hoʻi, a ʻo ke kūlana o kahi mea pāʻani i kahi hoʻokumu ʻaʻole e wehewehe i kā lākou kuleana e like me ka mea, ʻo kahi laʻana, he mea pāʻani kinipōpō, a ʻaʻohe ʻāpana i ka pāʻani kahi e kū pono ai nā mea pāʻani i ka hoʻokumu ʻana. Eia nō naʻe, hoʻonohonoho ke kūlana o kahi mea pāʻani i kahi hoʻokumu i ka nui o ka pale ʻana a i ʻole ke kūʻē ʻana paha o kahi mea pāʻani, a inā paha lākou e pāʻani i kahi ʻaoʻao o ka pitch a i waena paha.
424 (disambiguation): ʻO 424 kahi makahiki i ka 5th senekulia o ka kalena Gregorian.
4-2-4T: Ma lalo o ka notte Whyte no ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i nā locomotives mahu, 4-2-4 e hōʻike ana i ka hoʻonohonoho huila o nā huila alakaʻi ʻehā ma nā axles ʻelua, ʻelua mau huila kalaiwa e holo ana ma hoʻokahi axle, a ʻehā mau huila hele i nā axles ʻelua. Kāhea pinepine ʻia kēia ʻano locomotive he ʻano Huntington .
Hoʻonohonoho (pâʻani pôpeku): I ka pâʻani pôpeku, wehewehe ka hoʻokumu i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o nā mea pāʻani i kahi kime iā lākou iho ma ka pitch. ʻO ka pâʻani Pôpeku kahi pāʻani loli a wikiwiki hoʻi, a ʻo ke kūlana o kahi mea pāʻani i kahi hoʻokumu ʻaʻole e wehewehe i kā lākou kuleana e like me ka mea, ʻo kahi laʻana, he mea pāʻani kinipōpō, a ʻaʻohe ʻāpana i ka pāʻani kahi e kū pono ai nā mea pāʻani i ka hoʻokumu ʻana. Eia nō naʻe, hoʻonohonoho ke kūlana o kahi mea pāʻani i kahi hoʻokumu i ka nui o ka pale ʻana a i ʻole ke kūʻē ʻana paha o kahi mea pāʻani, a inā paha lākou e pāʻani i kahi ʻaoʻao o ka pitch a i waena paha.
424 (disambiguation): ʻO 424 kahi makahiki i ka 5th senekulia o ka kalena Gregorian.
4-2-4T: Ma lalo o ka notte Whyte no ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i nā locomotives mahu, 4-2-4 e hōʻike ana i ka hoʻonohonoho huila o nā huila alakaʻi ʻehā ma nā axles ʻelua, ʻelua mau huila kalaiwa e holo ana ma hoʻokahi axle, a ʻehā mau huila hele i nā axles ʻelua. Kāhea pinepine ʻia kēia ʻano locomotive he ʻano Huntington .
Pale kaua Nickel: I ka pâʻani pôpeku ʻAmelika, ʻo ka pale nickel kekahi pale pale pale e hoʻohana ana i ʻelima mau pale pale, nona ka lima i kapa ʻia he nickelback. ʻO ke kumu kumu a me nā ʻano maʻamau o ka pale nickel e hōʻike ana i nā laina linima ʻehā a me nā laina ʻelua. Ma muli o ka mālama ʻana i ka hana kuʻuna 4-2 i ka hiki i ka pale pale ke hoʻokū i ka pāʻani holo o ka hoa paio, ua ʻoi aku kona kaulana ma mua o kāna mau ʻokoʻa, a hiki i ka wā e hāʻule ai kekahi ʻenehana i loko o ka wehewehe "nickel", e kuhikuhi nā kumu aʻo a me nā loiloi. ʻo ia e kahi inoa kikoʻī e lawe i ka ʻike hou aʻe me ka conciseness like a ʻoi aku paha.
Pale kaua Nickel: I ka pâʻani pôpeku ʻAmelika, ʻo ka pale nickel kekahi pale pale pale e hoʻohana ana i ʻelima mau pale pale, nona ka lima i kapa ʻia he nickelback. ʻO ke kumu kumu a me nā ʻano maʻamau o ka pale nickel e hōʻike ana i nā laina linima ʻehā a me nā laina ʻelua. Ma muli o ka mālama ʻana i ka hana kuʻuna 4-2 i ka hiki i ka pale pale ke hoʻokū i ka pāʻani holo o ka hoa paio, ua ʻoi aku kona kaulana ma mua o kāna mau ʻokoʻa, a hiki i ka wā e hāʻule ai kekahi ʻenehana i loko o ka wehewehe "nickel", e kuhikuhi nā kumu aʻo a me nā loiloi. ʻo ia e kahi inoa kikoʻī e lawe i ka ʻike hou aʻe me ka conciseness like a ʻoi aku paha.
420 (ka moʻomeheu cannabis): ʻO 420 , 4:20 , a i ʻole 4/20 kahi ʻōlelo no ka wānana a me ka ʻai hashish, keu hoʻi ka puhaka ʻana i ka manawa 4:20 pm, a pili pū nō hoʻi i nā hoʻolauleʻa oriented kaukaʻiau i mālama ʻia i kēlā me kēia makahiki ma ʻApelila 20.
Loop i kēia manawa: I ka hōʻailona uila e hoʻohana ʻia kahi loop loop analog ma kahi e pono e nānā ʻia ai ʻole kaohi ʻia ai kahi mea ma kahi o nā alakaʻi ʻelua. Hoʻokahi wale nō pae o kēia manawa i hiki ke loaʻa i kēlā me kēia manawa.
Loop i kēia manawa: I ka hōʻailona uila e hoʻohana ʻia kahi loop loop analog ma kahi e pono e nānā ʻia ai ʻole kaohi ʻia ai kahi mea ma kahi o nā alakaʻi ʻelua. Hoʻokahi wale nō pae o kēia manawa i hiki ke loaʻa i kēlā me kēia manawa.
Loop i kēia manawa: I ka hōʻailona uila e hoʻohana ʻia kahi loop loop analog ma kahi e pono e nānā ʻia ai ʻole kaohi ʻia ai kahi mea ma kahi o nā alakaʻi ʻelua. Hoʻokahi wale nō pae o kēia manawa i hiki ke loaʻa i kēlā me kēia manawa.
Loop i kēia manawa: I ka hōʻailona uila e hoʻohana ʻia kahi loop loop analog ma kahi e pono e nānā ʻia ai ʻole kaohi ʻia ai kahi mea ma kahi o nā alakaʻi ʻelua. Hoʻokahi wale nō pae o kēia manawa i hiki ke loaʻa i kēlā me kēia manawa.
Loop i kēia manawa: I ka hōʻailona uila e hoʻohana ʻia kahi loop loop analog ma kahi e pono e nānā ʻia ai ʻole kaohi ʻia ai kahi mea ma kahi o nā alakaʻi ʻelua. Hoʻokahi wale nō pae o kēia manawa i hiki ke loaʻa i kēlā me kēia manawa.
Battalion ʻehā, Regiment Mokulele 227: ʻO ka 4th Battalion 227th Aviation Regiment kahi pūʻali koa reconnaissance hoʻouka kaua, i ʻike ʻia ʻo 4-227 ARB e kākoʻo ana i ka 1st Cavalry Division. Lele lākou i ka AH-64D Apache Longbow a noho ma Fort Hood, Texas.
Pale kaua Nickel: I ka pâʻani pôpeku ʻAmelika, ʻo ka pale nickel kekahi pale pale pale e hoʻohana ana i ʻelima mau pale pale, nona ka lima i kapa ʻia he nickelback. ʻO ke kumu kumu a me nā ʻano maʻamau o ka pale nickel e hōʻike ana i nā laina linima ʻehā a me nā laina ʻelua. Ma muli o ka mālama ʻana i ka hana kuʻuna 4-2 i ka hiki i ka pale pale ke hoʻokū i ka pāʻani holo o ka hoa paio, ua ʻoi aku kona kaulana ma mua o kāna mau ʻokoʻa, a hiki i ka wā e hāʻule ai kekahi ʻenehana i loko o ka wehewehe "nickel", e kuhikuhi nā kumu aʻo a me nā loiloi. ʻo ia e kahi inoa kikoʻī e lawe i ka ʻike hou aʻe me ka conciseness like a ʻoi aku paha.
4-3 pale: I ka pâʻani Pôpeku 'Amelika, kahi pale 4-3 kahi pale pale pale e komo ana i ʻehā mau laina laina a ʻekolu mau laina laina Kapa ʻia ia he "pale kumu" no ka mea ʻo ia ka hoʻonohonoho pale pale paʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia ma "nā kumu lalo". Eia nō naʻe, e hoʻololi koke nā pale i nā pale pale pale ʻē aʻe ke loli nā hanana. ʻOkoʻa, hoʻohana kekahi mau pale i kahi pale 3-4.
He ʻewalu mau kāne pāʻani pale pale: Nui a hewahewa nā papa hana pale i hoʻohana mau ʻia i ka pōpeku ʻewalu mau kāne. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā papa hana pale e ka nui o nā laina a me nā linebackers i ka hoʻokumu ʻana. ʻO nā ʻano hoʻokumu ʻekolu o ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka pōpeku ʻewalu mau kāne i mua o ʻehiku mau kāne, ʻeono mau kāne a ʻelima mau mua.
Hoʻonohonoho (pâʻani pôpeku): I ka pâʻani pôpeku, wehewehe ka hoʻokumu i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o nā mea pāʻani i kahi kime iā lākou iho ma ka pitch. ʻO ka pâʻani Pôpeku kahi pāʻani loli a wikiwiki hoʻi, a ʻo ke kūlana o kahi mea pāʻani i kahi hoʻokumu ʻaʻole e wehewehe i kā lākou kuleana e like me ka mea, ʻo kahi laʻana, he mea pāʻani kinipōpō, a ʻaʻohe ʻāpana i ka pāʻani kahi e kū pono ai nā mea pāʻani i ka hoʻokumu ʻana. Eia nō naʻe, hoʻonohonoho ke kūlana o kahi mea pāʻani i kahi hoʻokumu i ka nui o ka pale ʻana a i ʻole ke kūʻē ʻana paha o kahi mea pāʻani, a inā paha lākou e pāʻani i kahi ʻaoʻao o ka pitch a i waena paha.
Hoʻonohonoho (pâʻani pôpeku): I ka pâʻani pôpeku, wehewehe ka hoʻokumu i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o nā mea pāʻani i kahi kime iā lākou iho ma ka pitch. ʻO ka pâʻani Pôpeku kahi pāʻani loli a wikiwiki hoʻi, a ʻo ke kūlana o kahi mea pāʻani i kahi hoʻokumu ʻaʻole e wehewehe i kā lākou kuleana e like me ka mea, ʻo kahi laʻana, he mea pāʻani kinipōpō, a ʻaʻohe ʻāpana i ka pāʻani kahi e kū pono ai nā mea pāʻani i ka hoʻokumu ʻana. Eia nō naʻe, hoʻonohonoho ke kūlana o kahi mea pāʻani i kahi hoʻokumu i ka nui o ka pale ʻana a i ʻole ke kūʻē ʻana paha o kahi mea pāʻani, a inā paha lākou e pāʻani i kahi ʻaoʻao o ka pitch a i waena paha.
Ua hūnā ʻo Bush i nā ʻoiaʻiʻo: Ua hūnā ʻo Bush i nā ʻoiaʻiʻo he inoa maʻamau ia no kahi bug i loaʻa i kekahi mau mana o Microsoft Windows, i kumu e unuhi ʻia nā huaʻōlelo i hoʻopā ʻia i ka ASCII me he mea lā ʻo UTF-16LE, e hopena ana i ka huaʻōlelo. Ke hoʻokomo ke kaula ʻo "Bush i nā ʻoiaʻiʻo", me ka ʻole o ka laina hou a i ʻole nā ​​kaha puana, i loko o kahi palapala Notepad hou a mālama ʻia, pani ʻia a wehe hou ʻia, e kū mai ana ke kaʻina nonsensical o nā huaʻōlelo Kina "畂 桳 栠 摩 琠 敨 映 捡 獴" .
Hoʻonohonoho (pâʻani pôpeku): I ka pâʻani pôpeku, wehewehe ka hoʻokumu i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o nā mea pāʻani i kahi kime iā lākou iho ma ka pitch. ʻO ka pâʻani Pôpeku kahi pāʻani loli a wikiwiki hoʻi, a ʻo ke kūlana o kahi mea pāʻani i kahi hoʻokumu ʻaʻole e wehewehe i kā lākou kuleana e like me ka mea, ʻo kahi laʻana, he mea pāʻani kinipōpō, a ʻaʻohe ʻāpana i ka pāʻani kahi e kū pono ai nā mea pāʻani i ka hoʻokumu ʻana. Eia nō naʻe, hoʻonohonoho ke kūlana o kahi mea pāʻani i kahi hoʻokumu i ka nui o ka pale ʻana a i ʻole ke kūʻē ʻana paha o kahi mea pāʻani, a inā paha lākou e pāʻani i kahi ʻaoʻao o ka pitch a i waena paha.
4-3 pale: I ka pâʻani Pôpeku 'Amelika, kahi pale 4-3 kahi pale pale pale e komo ana i ʻehā mau laina laina a ʻekolu mau laina laina Kapa ʻia ia he "pale kumu" no ka mea ʻo ia ka hoʻonohonoho pale pale paʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia ma "nā kumu lalo". Eia nō naʻe, e hoʻololi koke nā pale i nā pale pale pale ʻē aʻe ke loli nā hanana. ʻOkoʻa, hoʻohana kekahi mau pale i kahi pale 3-4.
4-3 pale: I ka pâʻani Pôpeku 'Amelika, kahi pale 4-3 kahi pale pale pale e komo ana i ʻehā mau laina laina a ʻekolu mau laina laina Kapa ʻia ia he "pale kumu" no ka mea ʻo ia ka hoʻonohonoho pale pale paʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia ma "nā kumu lalo". Eia nō naʻe, e hoʻololi koke nā pale i nā pale pale pale ʻē aʻe ke loli nā hanana. ʻOkoʻa, hoʻohana kekahi mau pale i kahi pale 3-4.
4-3 pale: I ka pâʻani Pôpeku 'Amelika, kahi pale 4-3 kahi pale pale pale e komo ana i ʻehā mau laina laina a ʻekolu mau laina laina Kapa ʻia ia he "pale kumu" no ka mea ʻo ia ka hoʻonohonoho pale pale paʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia ma "nā kumu lalo". Eia nō naʻe, e hoʻololi koke nā pale i nā pale pale pale ʻē aʻe ke loli nā hanana. ʻOkoʻa, hoʻohana kekahi mau pale i kahi pale 3-4.
3-4 duoprism: I ke anahonua o 4 mau ana, kahi 3-4 duoprism , ka lua o ka pq duoprism liʻiliʻi, he 4-polytope e hopena ana mai ka huahana Cartesian o kahi triangle a me kahi square.
4-3 pale: I ka pâʻani Pôpeku 'Amelika, kahi pale 4-3 kahi pale pale pale e komo ana i ʻehā mau laina laina a ʻekolu mau laina laina Kapa ʻia ia he "pale kumu" no ka mea ʻo ia ka hoʻonohonoho pale pale paʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia ma "nā kumu lalo". Eia nō naʻe, e hoʻololi koke nā pale i nā pale pale pale ʻē aʻe ke loli nā hanana. ʻOkoʻa, hoʻohana kekahi mau pale i kahi pale 3-4.
Papa Inoa o nā huaʻōlelo Go: Hoʻohana pinepine nā mea pāʻani o ka pāʻani i ka jargon e wehewehe i nā kūlana ma ka papa a puni ka pāʻani. E ʻike ʻia paha ia mau ʻōlelo ʻenehana ma nā puke a me nā ʻatikala e pili ana i ka ʻōlelo Pelekane a me nā ʻōlelo ʻē aʻe. Ua hōʻaiʻē ka hapa nui o kēia mau huaʻōlelo mai Kepanī, ʻo ka hapa nui ke hiki ʻole ke loaʻa kahi huaʻōlelo Pelekane like pōkole. Hāʻawi kēia ʻatikala i kahi hiʻohiʻona o nā huaʻōlelo nui loa.
Pākuʻi ʻo Miami 4-3: ʻO ka Miami 4-3 , i kapa ʻia hoʻi he paheʻe 4-3 , kahi papahana i pili loa me ka Miami Johnson i alakaʻi ʻia e Hurricanes, a lawe ʻia e Johnson i nā Cowboys Dallas. Kūkulu ʻia i loko o kā Jimmy Johnson manaʻo no ka "upfield pressure", he pale ia e komo ana i loko o ka hale, me kahi manaʻo "hiki mua loa me ka manaʻo nui". ʻO ka nānā ke kumu o ka hana hewa ʻana o ka poʻe kūʻē, ʻoiai inā hāʻawi ka pale i kahi waiwai nui a ʻelua paha. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā pale 4-3 kahiko, e like me kā Tom Landry 4-3 i loko, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o nā ʻoihana pale. ʻAʻole heluhelu ʻo Linemen a laila pane, hana lākou a heluhelu. Hoʻopiha nā Linebackers i nā hakahaka i waiho ʻia e ka poʻe linemen, me ka nānā ʻole i nā hakahaka mai ka pāʻani. Maʻalahi ka uhi ʻana, a liʻiliʻi a maʻalahi hoʻi ka puke pāʻani.
4-4-0: ʻO 4-4-0 kahi ʻano locomotive me kahi hoʻonohonoho e hoʻohana ana i ka notte Whyte no ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i nā locomotives mahu e ka hoʻonohonoho huila a hōʻike i ka hoʻonohonoho: ʻehā mau huila alakaʻi ma nā axles ʻelua, ʻehā mau mana a hui pū nā huila e hoʻokele ana ma nā axles ʻelua, a a nele o nā huila hele. Ma muli o ka nui o nā ʻano i hana ʻia a hoʻohana ʻia ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ʻike nui ʻia ka 4-4-0 ma ke ʻano he ʻano ʻAmelika , akā ua lilo ka ʻano i mea kaulana i United Kingdom, kahi i hana ʻia nā helu nui .
4-4-0: ʻO 4-4-0 kahi ʻano locomotive me kahi hoʻonohonoho e hoʻohana ana i ka notte Whyte no ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i nā locomotives mahu e ka hoʻonohonoho huila a hōʻike i ka hoʻonohonoho: ʻehā mau huila alakaʻi ma nā axles ʻelua, ʻehā mau mana a hui pū nā huila e hoʻokele ana ma nā axles ʻelua, a a nele o nā huila hele. Ma muli o ka nui o nā ʻano i hana ʻia a hoʻohana ʻia ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ʻike nui ʻia ka 4-4-0 ma ke ʻano he ʻano ʻAmelika , akā ua lilo ka ʻano i mea kaulana i United Kingdom, kahi i hana ʻia nā helu nui .
4-4-0: ʻO 4-4-0 kahi ʻano locomotive me kahi hoʻonohonoho e hoʻohana ana i ka notte Whyte no ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i nā locomotives mahu e ka hoʻonohonoho huila a hōʻike i ka hoʻonohonoho: ʻehā mau huila alakaʻi ma nā axles ʻelua, ʻehā mau mana a hui pū nā huila e hoʻokele ana ma nā axles ʻelua, a a nele o nā huila hele. Ma muli o ka nui o nā ʻano i hana ʻia a hoʻohana ʻia ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ʻike nui ʻia ka 4-4-0 ma ke ʻano he ʻano ʻAmelika , akā ua lilo ka ʻano i mea kaulana i United Kingdom, kahi i hana ʻia nā helu nui .
4-4-0: ʻO 4-4-0 kahi ʻano locomotive me kahi hoʻonohonoho e hoʻohana ana i ka notte Whyte no ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i nā locomotives mahu e ka hoʻonohonoho huila a hōʻike i ka hoʻonohonoho: ʻehā mau huila alakaʻi ma nā axles ʻelua, ʻehā mau mana a hui pū nā huila e hoʻokele ana ma nā axles ʻelua, a a nele o nā huila hele. Ma muli o ka nui o nā ʻano i hana ʻia a hoʻohana ʻia ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ʻike nui ʻia ka 4-4-0 ma ke ʻano he ʻano ʻAmelika , akā ua lilo ka ʻano i mea kaulana i United Kingdom, kahi i hana ʻia nā helu nui .
4-4-0: ʻO 4-4-0 kahi ʻano locomotive me kahi hoʻonohonoho e hoʻohana ana i ka notte Whyte no ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i nā locomotives mahu e ka hoʻonohonoho huila a hōʻike i ka hoʻonohonoho: ʻehā mau huila alakaʻi ma nā axles ʻelua, ʻehā mau mana a hui pū nā huila e hoʻokele ana ma nā axles ʻelua, a a nele o nā huila hele. Ma muli o ka nui o nā ʻano i hana ʻia a hoʻohana ʻia ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ʻike nui ʻia ka 4-4-0 ma ke ʻano he ʻano ʻAmelika , akā ua lilo ka ʻano i mea kaulana i United Kingdom, kahi i hana ʻia nā helu nui .
4-4-1: ʻO 4-4-1 kahi papa pōhaku Christian Christian pop-altern i pâʻani i ka makahiki 1980. ʻO 4-4-1 ka mea mele / mea hoʻokani pila ʻo John McNamara, mea hoʻokani pahu ʻo Steve Giali, mea hoʻokani pila ʻo John Giali a me ka mea hoʻokani piano / Glenn Holland.
442: 442 e nānā iā: 442 (helu) AD 442, hoʻokahi makahiki i ka 5th kenekulia o ka kalena Gregorian 442 BC, hoʻokahi makahiki i ka kalena Roma ma mua o Julian ʻĀpana āpana 442 4-4-2, kahi hoʻokumu pôpeku
4-4-2 + 2-4-4: Ma lalo o ka notte Whyte no ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i nā locomotives mahu e ka hoʻonohonoho huila, kahi 4-4-2 + 2-4-4 kahi locomotive i haʻi ʻia ʻo Garratt. ʻO ka hoʻonohonoho huila he ʻelua mau locomotives he 4-4-2 e hana nei i hope, me kēlā me kēia mekini mana ʻehā mau huila alakaʻi ma nā axles ʻelua i kahi bogie alakaʻi, ʻehā mau mana a hui pū ʻia nā huila kalaiwa ma nā axles ʻelua, a me nā huila hele ʻelua ma hoʻokahi axle i kahi kalaka hele. Mai ka 4-4-2 'ano ua ana ike me ka' Akelanika, ka like Garratt 'ano ua pinepine haawiia i like me ka pālua' Akelanika.
4-4-2 (locomotive): Ma lalo o ka notte Whyte no ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i nā locomotives mahu e ka hoʻonohonoho huila, hōʻike ʻo 4-4-2 i kahi hoʻonohonoho o nā huila alakaʻi ʻehā ma nā axles ʻelua, i ka manawa maʻamau i kahi bogie alakaʻi me kahi kiko pivot hoʻokahi, ʻehā mau mana a hui pū nā huila e hoʻokele ana ma nā axles ʻelua. , a me nā huila helehelena ʻelua ma hoʻokahi axle, ma ka maʻamau i kahi kalaka e kākoʻo ana i ka ʻāpana o ke kaumaha o ka paila a me ka pahuahi a hāʻawi i ka papa i kāna hoʻomaikaʻi nui ma luna o ka hoʻonohonoho 4-4-0 .