4-Methoxyresveratrol, 4'-Methyl-α-pyrrolidinobutiophenone, 4'-Methyl-α-pyrrolidinohexiophenone

4-Methoxyresveratrol: 4-Methoxyresveratrol kahi stilbenoid i loaʻa i ka lāʻau Kina Gnetum cleistostachyum.
4'-Methyl-α-pyrrolidinobutiophenone: ʻO 4'-Methyl-α-pyrrolidinobutiophenone a i ʻole MPBP kahi hui stimulant i hōʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he lāʻau hoʻolālā mea kākau. Pili loa ia i ka pyrovalerone, ʻo ia wale nō kāna homologue pōkole kaulahao.
4'-Methyl-α-pyrrolidinohexiophenone: ʻO 4'-Methyl-α-pyrrolidinohexiophenone ( MPHP ) kahi hui stimulant i hōʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he lāʻau hoʻolālā mea hou. Pili loa ia i ka pyrovalerone, ʻo ia wale nō kāna homologue hoʻolōʻihi ʻia i ke kaulahao. I ka moʻo pyrrolidinophenone, mālama ʻia ka hana stimulant ke mālama mau ʻia nā kūlana o nā aryl, ketone a me pyrrolidinyl, ʻoiai e hiki ke loli ʻia ka iwi ʻaoʻao alkyl ma waena o ʻekolu a me ehiku mau karbona, me ka mana kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe i ʻike pinepine ʻia me ka ʻo pentyl a i ʻole isohexyl backbone, a me nā ʻano mea i ka hakahaka e ʻae ʻia ma ke apo ʻaʻala.
4'-Methyl-α-pyrrolidinopropiophenone: 4'-Methyl-α-pyrrolidinopropiophenone kahi lāʻau stimulant a cathinone pani. Kūlike like ia me α-PPP, me hoʻokahi hui methyl i hoʻohui ʻia i ke kūlana para ma ke apo phenyl. Ua kūʻai ʻia ʻo 4-MePPP ma Kelemānia ma ke ʻano he lāʻau hoʻolālā i ka hopena o nā 1990s a me nā 2000 mua, a me nā helu pyrrolidinophenone ʻē aʻe. ʻOiai ʻaʻole i loaʻa iā ia ka launa like ʻana o ka honua e like me nā pilina i ʻike nui ʻia α-PPP a me MDPV, loaʻa mau ʻo 4-MePPP i kekahi manawa ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻohui o ka mākeke "wai paʻakai" hina e like me "NRG-3".
4'-Methyl-α-pyrrolidinohexiophenone: ʻO 4'-Methyl-α-pyrrolidinohexiophenone ( MPHP ) kahi hui stimulant i hōʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he lāʻau hoʻolālā mea hou. Pili loa ia i ka pyrovalerone, ʻo ia wale nō kāna homologue hoʻolōʻihi ʻia i ke kaulahao. I ka moʻo pyrrolidinophenone, mālama ʻia ka hana stimulant ke mālama mau ʻia nā kūlana o nā aryl, ketone a me pyrrolidinyl, ʻoiai e hiki ke loli ʻia ka iwi ʻaoʻao alkyl ma waena o ʻekolu a me ehiku mau karbona, me ka mana kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe i ʻike pinepine ʻia me ka ʻo pentyl a i ʻole isohexyl backbone, a me nā ʻano mea i ka hakahaka e ʻae ʻia ma ke apo ʻaʻala.
4'-Methyl-α-pyrrolidinobutiophenone: ʻO 4'-Methyl-α-pyrrolidinobutiophenone a i ʻole MPBP kahi hui stimulant i hōʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he lāʻau hoʻolālā mea kākau. Pili loa ia i ka pyrovalerone, ʻo ia wale nō kāna homologue pōkole kaulahao.
4'-Methyl-α-pyrrolidinohexiophenone: ʻO 4'-Methyl-α-pyrrolidinohexiophenone ( MPHP ) kahi hui stimulant i hōʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he lāʻau hoʻolālā mea hou. Pili loa ia i ka pyrovalerone, ʻo ia wale nō kāna homologue hoʻolōʻihi ʻia i ke kaulahao. I ka moʻo pyrrolidinophenone, mālama ʻia ka hana stimulant ke mālama mau ʻia nā kūlana o nā aryl, ketone a me pyrrolidinyl, ʻoiai e hiki ke loli ʻia ka iwi ʻaoʻao alkyl ma waena o ʻekolu a me ehiku mau karbona, me ka mana kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe i ʻike pinepine ʻia me ka ʻo pentyl a i ʻole isohexyl backbone, a me nā ʻano mea i ka hakahaka e ʻae ʻia ma ke apo ʻaʻala.
4'-Methyl-α-pyrrolidinopropiophenone: 4'-Methyl-α-pyrrolidinopropiophenone kahi lāʻau stimulant a cathinone pani. Kūlike like ia me α-PPP, me hoʻokahi hui methyl i hoʻohui ʻia i ke kūlana para ma ke apo phenyl. Ua kūʻai ʻia ʻo 4-MePPP ma Kelemānia ma ke ʻano he lāʻau hoʻolālā i ka hopena o nā 1990s a me nā 2000 mua, a me nā helu pyrrolidinophenone ʻē aʻe. ʻOiai ʻaʻole i loaʻa iā ia ka launa like ʻana o ka honua e like me nā pilina i ʻike nui ʻia α-PPP a me MDPV, loaʻa mau ʻo 4-MePPP i kekahi manawa ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻohui o ka mākeke "wai paʻakai" hina e like me "NRG-3".
ʻO Biochanin A: ʻO Biochanin A kahi O -methylated isoflavone . He hui kūlohelohe maoli ia i ka papa o nā phytochemical i ʻike ʻia ʻo flavonoids. Hiki ke loaʻa ʻo Biochanin A i ka ʻulaʻula i ka soy, i nā ʻōpuʻu alfalfa, i nā pī, nā moa a me nā hua ʻē aʻe.
Kaempferide: ʻO Kaempferide kahi flavonol O -methylated , kahi ʻano o ka hoʻohui kemika. Hiki ke loaʻa ma Kaempferia galanga . Ua kaulana ʻia e kāohi i ka ulu ʻana o ka maʻi ʻaʻai pancreatic e ka pale ʻana i kahi ala e pili ana iā EGFR.
Isosakuranetin: ʻO Isosakuranetin , kahi O-methylated flavonoid, ʻo ia ka 4'-methoxy derivative o naringenin, kahi flavanone. ʻO Didymin, kahi disaccharide o isosakuranetin, i laʻa me ka ʻalani ʻalani, ʻalani a me ka mandarin.
Isorhamnetin: ʻO Isorhamnetin kahi O-methylated flavon-ol mai ka papa o nā flavonoids. ʻO kahi kumuwaiwai meaʻai maʻamau o kēia 3'-methoxylated derivative o quercetin a me kāna glucoside conjugates he pungent melemele a ʻulaʻula onions, kahi o ia mea he liʻiliʻi pigment, quercetin-3,4'-diglucoside a me quercetin-4'-glucoside a me ka aglycone ʻo ka quercetin nā pigment nui. ʻO ka peʻa, ka ʻaila ʻoliva, ka waina a me ka wai kōmato ka waiwai i ka isorhamnetin. ʻO nā kumuwaiwai ʻē aʻe e pili ana i ka mea ʻala, lāʻau lāʻau lapaʻau a me ka psychoactive Mexican tarragon (Tagetes lucida) , i wehewehe ʻia e like me ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i ka isorhamnetin a me kāna derivate 7-O-glucoside. ʻO Nopal kahi kumu maikaʻi o ka isorhamnetin, i hiki ke huki ʻia e ka unuhi wai supercritical i kōkua ʻia e nā enzyme.
Kaempferide: ʻO Kaempferide kahi flavonol O -methylated , kahi ʻano o ka hoʻohui kemika. Hiki ke loaʻa ma Kaempferia galanga . Ua kaulana ʻia e kāohi i ka ulu ʻana o ka maʻi ʻaʻai pancreatic e ka pale ʻana i kahi ala e pili ana iā EGFR.
P-Coumaric acid glucoside: p -Coumaric acid glucoside kahi waikawa hydroxycinnamic, kahi hui kūpona i loaʻa i nā berena kalepa i loaʻa ka flaxseed.
4'-O-glucoside: E kuhikuhi paha ʻo 4'-O-glucoside i: Hydrangenol 4'-O-glucoside, kahi isocoumarin glucoside ʻOkanin 4'-O-glucoside a i ʻole marein, kahi chalconoid glucoside ʻO Quercetin 4'-O-glucoside a i ʻole spiraeoside, kahi flavonol glucoside
Formononetin: ʻO Formononetin kahi O-methylated isoflavone.
Phosphopantetheine: ʻO Phosphopantetheine , ʻike ʻia ʻo 4'-Phosphopantetheine , kahi hui prosthetic nui o ka protein acyl carrier (ACP) a me nā proteins carrier peptidyl (PCP) a me nā proteins aryl (ArCP) i loaʻa mai iā Coenzyme A. Aia pū kekahi ia i formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase.
Beta-apo-4'-carotenal oxygenase: ʻO Beta-apo-4'-carotenal oxygenase (EC 1.2.1.82 , beta-apo-4'-carotenal dehydrogenase , YLO-1 , carD (gen) ) kahi enzyme me ka inoa ʻōnaehana 4'-apo-beta, psi-carotenal : NAD + ʻoihana hoʻoweliweli . Hoʻopili kēia enzyme i ka hopena kemika: 4'-apo-beta, psi-caroten-4'-al + NAD + + H2O neurosporaxanthin + NADH + 2 H +
Ro5-4864: ʻO Ro5-4864 ( 4'-chlorodiazepam ) kahi lāʻau i loaʻa i ka benzodiazepine derivative o diazepam. Eia naʻe ʻokoʻa ka hapanui o nā derzatives benzodiazepine, nele ka Ro5-4864 i ka pilina no GABA A loaʻa a loaʻa ʻole nā ​​hopena benzodiazepine maʻamau, ma kahi o ka sedative akā ʻoi aku ka convulsant a me ka anxiogenic i nā hopena. Ua loaʻa ʻo Ro5-4864 he ligand ikaika no ka "peripheral benzodiazepine receptor", a ua kapa ʻia ka inoa i ka mitochondrial translocator protein 18kDa (TSPO). ʻOiai nā hopena convulsant, ma nā kaha haʻahaʻa Ro5-4864 i hōʻoia ʻia i neuroprotective a ua hoʻohana ākea ʻia no ka noiʻi ʻana i ke kuleana o ka protein TSPO i neurotoxicity. Hōʻike nā loiloi in vitro a me nā ʻano rodent i ka hiki o ka analgesic, antidepressant, cardioprotective, a me nā hopena anti-cancer.
4'-demethylrebeccamycin synthase: ʻO 4'-demethylrebeccamycin synthase kahi enzyme me ka inoa ʻōnaehana 4'-demethylrebeccamycin D-glucose-lyase . Hoʻopili kēia enzyme i ka hopena kemika i lalo 4'-O-demethylrebeccamycin + H2O dichloro-arcyriaflavin A + beta-D-glucose
4'-demethylrebeccamycin synthase: ʻO 4'-demethylrebeccamycin synthase kahi enzyme me ka inoa ʻōnaehana 4'-demethylrebeccamycin D-glucose-lyase . Hoʻopili kēia enzyme i ka hopena kemika i lalo 4'-O-demethylrebeccamycin + H2O dichloro-arcyriaflavin A + beta-D-glucose
Eutropoflavin: ʻO 4'-Dimethylamino-7,8-dihydroxyflavone kahi flavone syntone a me ka agonist liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi o TrkB, ka mea loaʻa nui o ka neurotrophic factor i loaʻa i ka lolo (BDNF), i loaʻa mai ka hoʻololi o 7,8-dihydroxyflavone. Pili i ka 7,8-DHF, 4'-DMA-7,8-DHF loaʻa iā ia kahi hana agonistic kiʻekiʻe ma TrkB, ʻoi aku ka ikaika ma mua o 7,8-DHF ma vitro a me vivo , a ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka hana. Ua loaʻa ka hui e hana i nā neuroprotective, neurogenic, a me nā hopena antidepressant e like me nā holoholona.
4'-Fluorocannabidiol: ʻO 4'-Fluorocannabidiol kahi mea hiki ke loaʻa i ka cannabidiol i loaʻa i ka mana ʻoi aku ka nui ʻoi aku ka hopohopo, antidepressant, antipsychotic a me nā hana anti-compulsive i nāʻiole i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka hui makua. Ua synthesize mua ʻia ia ma ka makahiki 2016, ma ka ʻaoʻao o 10-fluorocannabidiol diacetate a me 8,9-dihydro-7-fluorocannabidiol, ka mea i hōʻike i ka hana nāwaliwali loa.
Apocynin: ʻO Apocynin , ʻike ʻia ʻo acetovanillone , kahi hui kūlohelohe kūlohelohe e pili ana i ka vanillin. Ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ia mai nā ʻano kumuwaiwai like ʻole a ke aʻo ʻia nei no kāna ʻano lāʻau lāʻau.
Piceol: ʻO Piceol kahi hui phenolic i loaʻa i nā nila. ʻO Picein ka glucoside o ka piceol.
4'-Hydroxynorendoxifen: 4'-Hydroxynorendoxifen kahi synthetic, nonsteroidal antiestrogen o ka hui triphenylethylene. ʻO ia kahi modulator receptor estrogen ʻelua koho ʻia (SERM) a me ka mea hōʻoki aromatase (AI), a ua kiʻi ʻia mai tamoxifen, kahi SERM, a me norendoxifen, kahi metabolite o tamoxifen i loaʻa e hana ma ke ʻano he AI. Ua ʻōlelo ʻia ka lāʻau no ka hoʻomohala ʻana ma ke ʻano he lapaʻau no ka receptor estrogen (ER) -ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma maʻi. Ua synthesized ia ma 2015.
ʻO Pratensein: ʻO Pratensein kahi O-methylated isoflavone, kahi ʻano flavonoid. Hiki ke loaʻa iā ia ma Trifolium pratense a hiki ke loaʻa i nā hopena no ka pale ʻana i ka atherosclerosis.
Acacetin: ʻO Acacetin kahi 4'-O-methylated flavone o ka makua hui Apigenin, i loaʻa ma Robinia pseudoacacia , ʻo Turnera diffusa (damiana), e hōʻike ana i ke kaohi ʻana o ka aromatase, Betula pendula , a me ka fern Asplenium normale .
4'-Methoxy-α-pyrrolidinopropiophenone: 4'-Methoxy-α-pyrrolidinopropiophenone ( MOPPP ) kahi lāʻau hoʻolālā hoʻolālā stimulant o ka papa pyrrolidinophenone. Loaʻa iā ia ka mana e hana i ka euphoria, kahi hopena i kaʻana like ʻia me nā stimulant classical ʻē aʻe.
4'-methoxyisoflavone 2'-hydroxylase: I loko o ka enzymology, he 4'-methoxyisoflavone 2'-hydroxylase (EC 1.14.14.89 , ʻo EC 1.14.13.53 ma mua ) kahi enzyme e hoʻonāukiuki i ka hopena kemika formononetin + NADPH + H + + O 2 2'-hydroxyformononetin + NADP + + H 2 O
4-Methoxyresveratrol: 4-Methoxyresveratrol kahi stilbenoid i loaʻa i ka lāʻau Kina Gnetum cleistostachyum.
4'-Methyl-α-pyrrolidinopropiophenone: 4'-Methyl-α-pyrrolidinopropiophenone kahi lāʻau stimulant a cathinone pani. Kūlike like ia me α-PPP, me hoʻokahi hui methyl i hoʻohui ʻia i ke kūlana para ma ke apo phenyl. Ua kūʻai ʻia ʻo 4-MePPP ma Kelemānia ma ke ʻano he lāʻau hoʻolālā i ka hopena o nā 1990s a me nā 2000 mua, a me nā helu pyrrolidinophenone ʻē aʻe. ʻOiai ʻaʻole i loaʻa iā ia ka launa like ʻana o ka honua e like me nā pilina i ʻike nui ʻia α-PPP a me MDPV, loaʻa mau ʻo 4-MePPP i kekahi manawa ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻohui o ka mākeke "wai paʻakai" hina e like me "NRG-3".
Phosphopantetheine: ʻO Phosphopantetheine , ʻike ʻia ʻo 4'-Phosphopantetheine , kahi hui prosthetic nui o ka protein acyl carrier (ACP) a me nā proteins carrier peptidyl (PCP) a me nā proteins aryl (ArCP) i loaʻa mai iā Coenzyme A. Aia pū kekahi ia i formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase.
Holo- (acyl-carrier-protein) synthase: I ka enzymology a me ka biology molekiola , kahi holo- [acyl-carrier-protein] synthase kahi enzyme e catalyze i ka hopena kemika: CoA- [4'-phosphopantetheine] + apo-acyl lawe protein adenosine 3 ', 5'-bisphosphate + holo-acyl halihali protein
4′33 ″: ʻO 4′33 ″ kahi hanana neʻe ʻekolu e ka haku mele hoʻokolohua ʻAmelika ʻo John Cage (1912-1992). Ua haku ʻia ia i ka makahiki 1952, no kekahi mea kani a i ʻole hoʻohuihui o nā mea kani, a kuhikuhi ka helu i nā mea hana ʻaʻole e hoʻokani i kā lākou mau mea kani i ka wā holoʻokoʻa o ka ʻāpana ma nā neʻe ʻekolu. Aia nā ʻāpana i nā leo o ke kaiapuni a nā mea hoʻolohe e lohe ai i ka wā e hana ʻia ai, ʻoiai e ʻike ʻia he "ʻehā mau minuke kanakolukūmākolu kekona o ka hāmau". ʻO ke poʻo o ka ʻāpana e pili ana i ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi i nā minuke a me nā kekona o kahi hana i hāʻawi ʻia, ʻo 4'33 ″ ka lōʻihi o ka hana o ka lehulehu mua.
4′33 ″: ʻO 4′33 ″ kahi hanana neʻe ʻekolu e ka haku mele hoʻokolohua ʻAmelika ʻo John Cage (1912-1992). Ua haku ʻia ia i ka makahiki 1952, no kekahi mea kani a i ʻole hoʻohuihui o nā mea kani, a kuhikuhi ka helu i nā mea hana ʻaʻole e hoʻokani i kā lākou mau mea kani i ka wā holoʻokoʻa o ka ʻāpana ma nā neʻe ʻekolu. Aia nā ʻāpana i nā leo o ke kaiapuni a nā mea hoʻolohe e lohe ai i ka wā e hana ʻia ai, ʻoiai e ʻike ʻia he "ʻehā mau minuke kanakolukūmākolu kekona o ka hāmau". ʻO ke poʻo o ka ʻāpana e pili ana i ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi i nā minuke a me nā kekona o kahi hana i hāʻawi ʻia, ʻo 4'33 ″ ka lōʻihi o ka hana o ka lehulehu mua.
4′33 ″: ʻO 4′33 ″ kahi hanana neʻe ʻekolu e ka haku mele hoʻokolohua ʻAmelika ʻo John Cage (1912-1992). Ua haku ʻia ia i ka makahiki 1952, no kekahi mea kani a i ʻole hoʻohuihui o nā mea kani, a kuhikuhi ka helu i nā mea hana ʻaʻole e hoʻokani i kā lākou mau mea kani i ka wā holoʻokoʻa o ka ʻāpana ma nā neʻe ʻekolu. Aia nā ʻāpana i nā leo o ke kaiapuni a nā mea hoʻolohe e lohe ai i ka wā e hana ʻia ai, ʻoiai e ʻike ʻia he "ʻehā mau minuke kanakolukūmākolu kekona o ka hāmau". ʻO ke poʻo o ka ʻāpana e pili ana i ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi i nā minuke a me nā kekona o kahi hana i hāʻawi ʻia, ʻo 4'33 ″ ka lōʻihi o ka hana o ka lehulehu mua.
ʻO Chalcone 4'-O-glucosyltransferase: ʻO Chalcone 4'-O-glucosyltransferase kahi enzyme me ka inoa ʻōnaehana UDP-alpha-D-glucose: 2 ', 4,4', 6'-tetrahydroxychalcone 4'-O-beta-D-glucosyltransferase . Hoʻopili kēia enzyme i ka hopena kemika i lalo (1) UDP-alpha-D-glucose + 2 ', 4,4', 6'-tetrahydroxychalcone UDP + 2 ', 4,4', 6'-tetrahydroxychalcone 4'-O-beta-D-glucoside (2) UDP-alpha-D-glucose + 2 ', 3,4,4', 6'-pentahydroxychalcone UDP + 2 ', 3,4,4', 6'-pentahydroxychalcone 4'-O-beta-D-glucoside
4′33 ″: ʻO 4′33 ″ kahi hanana neʻe ʻekolu e ka haku mele hoʻokolohua ʻAmelika ʻo John Cage (1912-1992). Ua haku ʻia ia i ka makahiki 1952, no kekahi mea kani a i ʻole hoʻohuihui o nā mea kani, a kuhikuhi ka helu i nā mea hana ʻaʻole e hoʻokani i kā lākou mau mea kani i ka wā holoʻokoʻa o ka ʻāpana ma nā neʻe ʻekolu. Aia nā ʻāpana i nā leo o ke kaiapuni a nā mea hoʻolohe e lohe ai i ka wā e hana ʻia ai, ʻoiai e ʻike ʻia he "ʻehā mau minuke kanakolukūmākolu kekona o ka hāmau". ʻO ke poʻo o ka ʻāpana e pili ana i ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi i nā minuke a me nā kekona o kahi hana i hāʻawi ʻia, ʻo 4'33 ″ ka lōʻihi o ka hana o ka lehulehu mua.
4′33 ″: ʻO 4′33 ″ kahi hanana neʻe ʻekolu e ka haku mele hoʻokolohua ʻAmelika ʻo John Cage (1912-1992). Ua haku ʻia ia i ka makahiki 1952, no kekahi mea kani a i ʻole hoʻohuihui o nā mea kani, a kuhikuhi ka helu i nā mea hana ʻaʻole e hoʻokani i kā lākou mau mea kani i ka wā holoʻokoʻa o ka ʻāpana ma nā neʻe ʻekolu. Aia nā ʻāpana i nā leo o ke kaiapuni a nā mea hoʻolohe e lohe ai i ka wā e hana ʻia ai, ʻoiai e ʻike ʻia he "ʻehā mau minuke kanakolukūmākolu kekona o ka hāmau". ʻO ke poʻo o ka ʻāpana e pili ana i ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi i nā minuke a me nā kekona o kahi hana i hāʻawi ʻia, ʻo 4'33 ″ ka lōʻihi o ka hana o ka lehulehu mua.
Ro5-4864: ʻO Ro5-4864 ( 4'-chlorodiazepam ) kahi lāʻau i loaʻa i ka benzodiazepine derivative o diazepam. Eia naʻe ʻokoʻa ka hapanui o nā derzatives benzodiazepine, nele ka Ro5-4864 i ka pilina no GABA A loaʻa a loaʻa ʻole nā ​​hopena benzodiazepine maʻamau, ma kahi o ka sedative akā ʻoi aku ka convulsant a me ka anxiogenic i nā hopena. Ua loaʻa ʻo Ro5-4864 he ligand ikaika no ka "peripheral benzodiazepine receptor", a ua kapa ʻia ka inoa i ka mitochondrial translocator protein 18kDa (TSPO). ʻOiai nā hopena convulsant, ma nā kaha haʻahaʻa Ro5-4864 i hōʻoia ʻia i neuroprotective a ua hoʻohana ākea ʻia no ka noiʻi ʻana i ke kuleana o ka protein TSPO i neurotoxicity. Hōʻike nā loiloi in vitro a me nā ʻano rodent i ka hiki o ka analgesic, antidepressant, cardioprotective, a me nā hopena anti-cancer.
Mearnsetin: ʻO Mearnsetin kahi flavonol O -methylated . Hiki ke loaʻa iā ia ma Eucalyptus globulus a ma Elaeocarpus lanceofolius . Loaʻa i ka hui i nā waiwai antioxidative.
Holo huila ʻehā: ʻO ka hoʻokele wili ʻehā , i kapa ʻia hoʻi he 4x4 a i ʻole 4WD , pili i kahi drivetrain kaʻa ʻelua axled hiki ke hāʻawi i ke kaika i kāna mau huila āpau i ka manawa like. He manawa piha a noi paha ia, a pili pinepine ʻia ma o ka hihia hoʻoili e hāʻawi ana i kahi kumu hoʻokele hoʻokuʻi hou aku a, i nā manawa he nui, nā pae uila hou aʻe.
Lego 4+: ʻO Lego 4+ kahi kumuhana Lego no nā keiki 4 makahiki a ʻoi paha. Ua hoʻohana ka laulā huahana i nā pōhaku lepo Lego maʻamau, akā ua hele mai me kekahi ʻano minifigure ʻē aʻe i ʻoi aku ka nui a ʻaʻole hiki ke wehe ʻia. ʻO nā hoʻonohonoho i loaʻa i kahi mau liʻiliʻi o nā ʻāpana, i mea e maʻalahi ai ke hui pū.
4 + 1 ʻike hoʻohālikelike kuhikuhipuʻuone: ʻO 4 + 1 kahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona i hoʻohana ʻia no ka "wehewehe ʻana i ke kuhikuhipuʻuone o nā ʻōnaehana manaʻo nui lako polokalamu, e pili ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā manaʻo he nui a kūlike hoʻi." Hoʻohana ʻia nā manaʻo e wehewehe i ka ʻōnaehana mai ka manaʻo o nā mea ʻae like ʻole, e like me nā mea hoʻohana hope, nā mea hoʻomohala, nā ʻenekini ʻōnaehana, a me nā luna papahana. ʻO nā manaʻo ʻehā o ke k modelkohu he kūpono, hoʻomohala, hana a me ka ʻike kino. Hoʻohui ʻia, hoʻohana ʻia nā hihia i hoʻohana ʻia a i ʻole nā ​​kiʻi e hōʻike i ke kuhikuhipuʻuone e lawelawe nei ma ke ʻano he 'plus one'. No laila, loaʻa i ke kkohu 4 + 1 manaʻo: ʻIke kūpono : pili ka ʻike kūpono me nā hana i hāʻawi ʻia e ka ʻōnaehana i nā mea hoʻohana hope. Hoʻohana ʻia nā kiʻikuhi UML e hōʻike i ka ʻike kūpono, a hoʻokomo i nā kiʻikuhi papa, a me nā kiʻi mokuʻāina. Nānā i ke kaʻina hana: pili ka ʻike i ke kaʻina hana i nā ʻaoʻao hōʻeuʻeu o ka ʻōnaehana, wehewehe i nā ʻōnaehana a me pehea e kamaʻilio ai, a kālele ana i ka hana manawa holo o ka ʻōnaehana. Kuhi ka ʻike i ke kaʻina i ka concurrency, ka mahele, ka mea hoʻopili, ka hana, a me ka scalability, a pēlā aku. Development Hawaii: ka hooulu ana nānaina wehewehe i ka'ōnaehana mai ka programmer ka kuanaʻike, a ma kēia me ka lako polokalamu'ōnaehana. ʻIke ʻia kēia ʻike ʻo ia ka ʻike hoʻokō. Hoʻohana ia i ke kiʻikuhi UML Component e wehewehe i nā kikowaena ʻōnaehana. ʻO nā kiʻikuhi UML i hoʻohana ʻia e hōʻike i ka ʻike hoʻomohala e pili ana i ka diagram Package. ʻIke kino : hōʻike ka ʻike kino i ka ʻōnaehana mai kahi manaʻo o ka ʻenekinia pūnaewele. Pili ia i ka topology o nā ʻikepili polokalamu ma ka papa kino a me nā pilina o ke kino ma waena o kēia mau mea. ʻIke ʻia kēia ʻike ʻo ia ka ʻike hoʻonohonoho. ʻO nā kiʻikuhi UML i hoʻohana ʻia e hōʻike i ka ʻike kino komo pū i ke kiʻi hoʻoili. Nā Scenarios : Hōʻike ʻia ka wehewehe ʻana o kahi kuhikuhipuʻuone me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi o nā hihia hoʻohana, a i ʻole nā ​​hanana, i lilo i ʻelima manaʻo. Hōʻike nā hanana i nā kaʻina o nā pilina ma waena o nā mea a ma waena o nā kaʻina hana. Hoʻohana ʻia lākou e ʻike i nā kumumanaʻo hoʻolālā a hoʻohālikelike a hōʻoia i ka hoʻolālā hoʻolālā. Mālama pū lākou i kahi hoʻomaka no nā hoʻokolohua o kahi prototype hoʻolālā. ʻIke ʻia kēia ʻike ma ke ʻano he kūlana hoʻohana .
4 + 1 ʻike hoʻohālikelike kuhikuhipuʻuone: ʻO 4 + 1 kahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona i hoʻohana ʻia no ka "wehewehe ʻana i ke kuhikuhipuʻuone o nā ʻōnaehana manaʻo nui lako polokalamu, e pili ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā manaʻo he nui a kūlike hoʻi." Hoʻohana ʻia nā manaʻo e wehewehe i ka ʻōnaehana mai ka manaʻo o nā mea ʻae like ʻole, e like me nā mea hoʻohana hope, nā mea hoʻomohala, nā ʻenekini ʻōnaehana, a me nā luna papahana. ʻO nā manaʻo ʻehā o ke k modelkohu he kūpono, hoʻomohala, hana a me ka ʻike kino. Hoʻohui ʻia, hoʻohana ʻia nā hihia i hoʻohana ʻia a i ʻole nā ​​kiʻi e hōʻike i ke kuhikuhipuʻuone e lawelawe nei ma ke ʻano he 'plus one'. No laila, loaʻa i ke kkohu 4 + 1 manaʻo: ʻIke kūpono : pili ka ʻike kūpono me nā hana i hāʻawi ʻia e ka ʻōnaehana i nā mea hoʻohana hope. Hoʻohana ʻia nā kiʻikuhi UML e hōʻike i ka ʻike kūpono, a hoʻokomo i nā kiʻikuhi papa, a me nā kiʻi mokuʻāina. Nānā i ke kaʻina hana: pili ka ʻike i ke kaʻina hana i nā ʻaoʻao hōʻeuʻeu o ka ʻōnaehana, wehewehe i nā ʻōnaehana a me pehea e kamaʻilio ai, a kālele ana i ka hana manawa holo o ka ʻōnaehana. Kuhi ka ʻike i ke kaʻina i ka concurrency, ka mahele, ka mea hoʻopili, ka hana, a me ka scalability, a pēlā aku. Development Hawaii: ka hooulu ana nānaina wehewehe i ka'ōnaehana mai ka programmer ka kuanaʻike, a ma kēia me ka lako polokalamu'ōnaehana. ʻIke ʻia kēia ʻike ʻo ia ka ʻike hoʻokō. Hoʻohana ia i ke kiʻikuhi UML Component e wehewehe i nā kikowaena ʻōnaehana. ʻO nā kiʻikuhi UML i hoʻohana ʻia e hōʻike i ka ʻike hoʻomohala e pili ana i ka diagram Package. ʻIke kino : hōʻike ka ʻike kino i ka ʻōnaehana mai kahi manaʻo o ka ʻenekinia pūnaewele. Pili ia i ka topology o nā ʻikepili polokalamu ma ka papa kino a me nā pilina o ke kino ma waena o kēia mau mea. ʻIke ʻia kēia ʻike ʻo ia ka ʻike hoʻonohonoho. ʻO nā kiʻikuhi UML i hoʻohana ʻia e hōʻike i ka ʻike kino komo pū i ke kiʻi hoʻoili. Nā Scenarios : Hōʻike ʻia ka wehewehe ʻana o kahi kuhikuhipuʻuone me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi o nā hihia hoʻohana, a i ʻole nā ​​hanana, i lilo i ʻelima manaʻo. Hōʻike nā hanana i nā kaʻina o nā pilina ma waena o nā mea a ma waena o nā kaʻina hana. Hoʻohana ʻia lākou e ʻike i nā kumumanaʻo hoʻolālā a hoʻohālikelike a hōʻoia i ka hoʻolālā hoʻolālā. Mālama pū lākou i kahi hoʻomaka no nā hoʻokolohua o kahi prototype hoʻolālā. ʻIke ʻia kēia ʻike ma ke ʻano he kūlana hoʻohana .
Pūʻulu 4 + 1: ʻO 4 + 1 ensemble kahi album na ʻAmelika keyboardist a me ka haku mele ʻo Wayne Horvitz i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka makahiki 1996 a hoʻokuʻu ʻia ma ka lepili Kelemania Intuition. ʻO ka inoa o ka hui e pili ana i kāna lālā: ʻehā mau kāne e pāʻani ana i nā mea kani maʻamau, a me kahi mea hou aʻe e hana ana i kā lākou hana me nā hopena uila i ka manawa maoli.
4 + 1 ʻike hoʻohālikelike kuhikuhipuʻuone: ʻO 4 + 1 kahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona i hoʻohana ʻia no ka "wehewehe ʻana i ke kuhikuhipuʻuone o nā ʻōnaehana manaʻo nui lako polokalamu, e pili ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā manaʻo he nui a kūlike hoʻi." Hoʻohana ʻia nā manaʻo e wehewehe i ka ʻōnaehana mai ka manaʻo o nā mea ʻae like ʻole, e like me nā mea hoʻohana hope, nā mea hoʻomohala, nā ʻenekini ʻōnaehana, a me nā luna papahana. ʻO nā manaʻo ʻehā o ke k modelkohu he kūpono, hoʻomohala, hana a me ka ʻike kino. Hoʻohui ʻia, hoʻohana ʻia nā hihia i hoʻohana ʻia a i ʻole nā ​​kiʻi e hōʻike i ke kuhikuhipuʻuone e lawelawe nei ma ke ʻano he 'plus one'. No laila, loaʻa i ke kkohu 4 + 1 manaʻo: ʻIke kūpono : pili ka ʻike kūpono me nā hana i hāʻawi ʻia e ka ʻōnaehana i nā mea hoʻohana hope. Hoʻohana ʻia nā kiʻikuhi UML e hōʻike i ka ʻike kūpono, a hoʻokomo i nā kiʻikuhi papa, a me nā kiʻi mokuʻāina. Nānā i ke kaʻina hana: pili ka ʻike i ke kaʻina hana i nā ʻaoʻao hōʻeuʻeu o ka ʻōnaehana, wehewehe i nā ʻōnaehana a me pehea e kamaʻilio ai, a kālele ana i ka hana manawa holo o ka ʻōnaehana. Kuhi ka ʻike i ke kaʻina i ka concurrency, ka mahele, ka mea hoʻopili, ka hana, a me ka scalability, a pēlā aku. Development Hawaii: ka hooulu ana nānaina wehewehe i ka'ōnaehana mai ka programmer ka kuanaʻike, a ma kēia me ka lako polokalamu'ōnaehana. ʻIke ʻia kēia ʻike ʻo ia ka ʻike hoʻokō. Hoʻohana ia i ke kiʻikuhi UML Component e wehewehe i nā kikowaena ʻōnaehana. ʻO nā kiʻikuhi UML i hoʻohana ʻia e hōʻike i ka ʻike hoʻomohala e pili ana i ka diagram Package. ʻIke kino : hōʻike ka ʻike kino i ka ʻōnaehana mai kahi manaʻo o ka ʻenekinia pūnaewele. Pili ia i ka topology o nā ʻikepili polokalamu ma ka papa kino a me nā pilina o ke kino ma waena o kēia mau mea. ʻIke ʻia kēia ʻike ʻo ia ka ʻike hoʻonohonoho. ʻO nā kiʻikuhi UML i hoʻohana ʻia e hōʻike i ka ʻike kino komo pū i ke kiʻi hoʻoili. Nā Scenarios : Hōʻike ʻia ka wehewehe ʻana o kahi kuhikuhipuʻuone me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi o nā hihia hoʻohana, a i ʻole nā ​​hanana, i lilo i ʻelima manaʻo. Hōʻike nā hanana i nā kaʻina o nā pilina ma waena o nā mea a ma waena o nā kaʻina hana. Hoʻohana ʻia lākou e ʻike i nā kumumanaʻo hoʻolālā a hoʻohālikelike a hōʻoia i ka hoʻolālā hoʻolālā. Mālama pū lākou i kahi hoʻomaka no nā hoʻokolohua o kahi prototype hoʻolālā. ʻIke ʻia kēia ʻike ma ke ʻano he kūlana hoʻohana .
4 + 1 ʻike hoʻohālikelike kuhikuhipuʻuone: ʻO 4 + 1 kahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona i hoʻohana ʻia no ka "wehewehe ʻana i ke kuhikuhipuʻuone o nā ʻōnaehana manaʻo nui lako polokalamu, e pili ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā manaʻo he nui a kūlike hoʻi." Hoʻohana ʻia nā manaʻo e wehewehe i ka ʻōnaehana mai ka manaʻo o nā mea ʻae like ʻole, e like me nā mea hoʻohana hope, nā mea hoʻomohala, nā ʻenekini ʻōnaehana, a me nā luna papahana. ʻO nā manaʻo ʻehā o ke k modelkohu he kūpono, hoʻomohala, hana a me ka ʻike kino. Hoʻohui ʻia, hoʻohana ʻia nā hihia i hoʻohana ʻia a i ʻole nā ​​kiʻi e hōʻike i ke kuhikuhipuʻuone e lawelawe nei ma ke ʻano he 'plus one'. No laila, loaʻa i ke kkohu 4 + 1 manaʻo: ʻIke kūpono : pili ka ʻike kūpono me nā hana i hāʻawi ʻia e ka ʻōnaehana i nā mea hoʻohana hope. Hoʻohana ʻia nā kiʻikuhi UML e hōʻike i ka ʻike kūpono, a hoʻokomo i nā kiʻikuhi papa, a me nā kiʻi mokuʻāina. Nānā i ke kaʻina hana: pili ka ʻike i ke kaʻina hana i nā ʻaoʻao hōʻeuʻeu o ka ʻōnaehana, wehewehe i nā ʻōnaehana a me pehea e kamaʻilio ai, a kālele ana i ka hana manawa holo o ka ʻōnaehana. Kuhi ka ʻike i ke kaʻina i ka concurrency, ka mahele, ka mea hoʻopili, ka hana, a me ka scalability, a pēlā aku. Development Hawaii: ka hooulu ana nānaina wehewehe i ka'ōnaehana mai ka programmer ka kuanaʻike, a ma kēia me ka lako polokalamu'ōnaehana. ʻIke ʻia kēia ʻike ʻo ia ka ʻike hoʻokō. Hoʻohana ia i ke kiʻikuhi UML Component e wehewehe i nā kikowaena ʻōnaehana. ʻO nā kiʻikuhi UML i hoʻohana ʻia e hōʻike i ka ʻike hoʻomohala e pili ana i ka diagram Package. ʻIke kino : hōʻike ka ʻike kino i ka ʻōnaehana mai kahi manaʻo o ka ʻenekinia pūnaewele. Pili ia i ka topology o nā ʻikepili polokalamu ma ka papa kino a me nā pilina o ke kino ma waena o kēia mau mea. ʻIke ʻia kēia ʻike ʻo ia ka ʻike hoʻonohonoho. ʻO nā kiʻikuhi UML i hoʻohana ʻia e hōʻike i ka ʻike kino komo pū i ke kiʻi hoʻoili. Nā Scenarios : Hōʻike ʻia ka wehewehe ʻana o kahi kuhikuhipuʻuone me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi o nā hihia hoʻohana, a i ʻole nā ​​hanana, i lilo i ʻelima manaʻo. Hōʻike nā hanana i nā kaʻina o nā pilina ma waena o nā mea a ma waena o nā kaʻina hana. Hoʻohana ʻia lākou e ʻike i nā kumumanaʻo hoʻolālā a hoʻohālikelike a hōʻoia i ka hoʻolālā hoʻolālā. Mālama pū lākou i kahi hoʻomaka no nā hoʻokolohua o kahi prototype hoʻolālā. ʻIke ʻia kēia ʻike ma ke ʻano he kūlana hoʻohana .
Cycloaddition: ʻO kahi cycloaddition kahi hopena kemika, kahi "ʻelua a ʻoi paha mau mole unsaturated i hui pū ʻia me ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o kahi hoʻohui cyclic kahi e hoʻoliʻiliʻi net o ka multiplicity bond." ʻO ka hopena hopena he hopena cyclization. Hoʻohui ʻia nā mea he nui akā ʻaʻole nā ​​cycloadditions a pēlā pericyclic. ʻAʻole pericyclic nā cycloadditions nonconcerted. Ma ke ʻano he papa hoʻohui hoʻohui, ʻae nā cycloadditions i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana o ke kalapona-kalapona me ka hoʻohana ʻole ʻia o kahi nucleophile a electrophile paha.
4 + 4 ʻAi kiʻi kiʻi: ʻO ka [4 + 4] Photocycloaddition kahi hopena cycloaddition kahi e hoʻopili ai nā mole ʻelua unsaturated ma o nā ʻehā ʻoma mai kēlā me kēia mole e hana i kahi apo ʻewalu-membered. Ma ke ʻano he photochemical react, hoʻolaha ʻia e kekahi ʻano o ka mālamalama, ke kūʻē i kahi kaʻina hana hoʻomehana.
4 + 4 ʻAi kiʻi kiʻi: ʻO ka [4 + 4] Photocycloaddition kahi hopena cycloaddition kahi e hoʻopili ai nā mole ʻelua unsaturated ma o nā ʻehā ʻoma mai kēlā me kēia mole e hana i kahi apo ʻewalu-membered. Ma ke ʻano he photochemical react, hoʻolaha ʻia e kekahi ʻano o ka mālamalama, ke kūʻē i kahi kaʻina hana hoʻomehana.
4000 (helu): ʻO 4000 ka helu kūlohelohe e ukali ana i 3999 a ma mua o 4001. He helu decagonal ia.
4,000 Wā hoʻomaha ' ʻO 4000 Weeks 'Holiday kahi mele 1984 na Ian Dury & Nā Haumāna Mele no Polydor Records, i hoʻokuʻu ʻia ma 27 Ianuali 1984.
Millennium BC: ʻO ka millennium BC i hala aku i ka makahiki 4000 a hiki i 3000 BC. ʻO kekahi o nā hoʻololi nui i ka moʻomeheu kanaka i kēia manawa ua komo pū me ka hoʻomaka o ke au keleawe a me ka mea i haku ʻia o ke kākau ʻana, kahi mea nui i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka mōʻaukala i hoʻopaʻa ʻia.
3,000 lāʻau kū: ʻO ka hui ʻo 3,000 hit ka hui o nā mea hahau nāna i hōʻiliʻili he 3,000 a ʻoi paha o nā hits wā maʻamau i kā lākou ʻoihana ma Major League Baseball (MLB). ʻO Cap Anson ka mea mua i hana pēlā, ʻoiai ʻaʻole maopopo leʻa kāna ʻoihana kikoʻī. ʻElua mau mea pāʻani — Nap Lajoie lāua ʻo Honus Wagner — i hōʻea i 3,000 hits ma ke kau 1914. Ua lilo 'o Ty Cobb i hui' ehā o ka hui ma 1921 a lilo 'o ia i poʻokela ma ka mōʻaukala MLB a hiki i 4,000 hits i ka makahiki 1927; ua hoʻopau ʻo ia i kāna ʻoihana me 4,191. Ua lilo ʻo Pete Rose i mea pāʻani ʻelua i hiki i 4,000 hits ma ʻApelila 13, 1984 ʻoiai e pāʻani ana no ka Montreal Expos. ʻO Rose, ke alakaʻi kaulana i kēia manawa, ʻoi aku ma mua o Cobb i Kepakemapa 1985 a hoʻopau hope i kāna ʻoihana me 4,256 hits. Ua pau kā Roberto Clemente ʻoihana me 3,000 hits, a hōʻea i ka mark ma ka hope o kāna ʻoihana ma Kepakemapa 30, 1972.
Millennium BC 2: ʻO ka millennium BC i hala aku i ka makahiki 2000 a hiki i ka 1001 BC. Ma ka Hikina Hikina Hikina, hōʻailona ia i ka hoʻololi ʻana mai ka waena a i ke au keleawe hope loa. Aia nā moʻomeheu Kū kokoke i ka Hikina ma waena o ka wā mōʻaukala: Ua hoʻomalu ʻia ka hapa mua o ka milenio e ke Aupuni Waena o ʻAigupita a me Babulonia. Hoʻolālā ka pīʻāpā. Ma ke kikowaena o ka milenio, puka mai kahi kauoha hou me ka Minoan Greek mana o ka Aegean a me ke ala o ka Hittite Empire. ʻO ka hopena o ka milenio ke ʻike nei i ka hāʻule ʻana o ka Makahiki Keleawe a me ka hoʻololi i ka Iron Age.
4104 (helu): ʻO 4104 ka helu kūlohelohe ma hope o 4103 a ma mua o 4105. ʻO ia ka helu helu helu ʻelua i hiki ke hōʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he huina o nā cubus maikaʻi ʻelua i nā ʻano ʻokoʻa ʻelua. ʻO ka helu mua e like me ia, 1729, ua kapa ʻia ʻo "Ramanujan – Hardy number".
Lau Kanaha Kanaha Lau: "ʻEhā kanahākumamāhā mau makahiki", a i ʻole "4-11-44" kahi huaʻōlelo i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i nā mele kaulana a ma ke ʻano he kuhikuhi i nā helu i koho ʻia e nā ʻAmelika ʻAmelika ʻilihune no ke kumu o ka piliwaiwai ma nā lottery. ʻO ia kahi huaʻōlelo i ʻike nui ʻia i ka 19 a i ka mua o ke kenekulia 20 i United States.
4-Androstadienol: 4-Androstadienol, iʻikeʻia me 4,16-androstadien-3β-ol, mea he pherine i mea ma lalo o? Acaeoey e VistaGen Therapeutics, Inc. ma ka nasalʻehu hoʻomanaʻo (PRN) no ka huʻi iapaau ana o ka lawelawe uunu nui kāna hana. Ke ʻimi ʻia nei nō hoʻi e VistaGen Therapeutics no ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi pīhoihoi laulā (GAD) a me ka maʻi hōʻeha post-traumatic (PTSD) ʻO ka pherine kahi isomer kūlana no ka endogenous pheromone androstadienol E like me ka 2020, aia i ka pae III nā hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua no ka maʻi pīhoihoi pili kaiaulu.
4-Androstadienol: 4-Androstadienol, iʻikeʻia me 4,16-androstadien-3β-ol, mea he pherine i mea ma lalo o? Acaeoey e VistaGen Therapeutics, Inc. ma ka nasalʻehu hoʻomanaʻo (PRN) no ka huʻi iapaau ana o ka lawelawe uunu nui kāna hana. Ke ʻimi ʻia nei nō hoʻi e VistaGen Therapeutics no ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi pīhoihoi laulā (GAD) a me ka maʻi hōʻeha post-traumatic (PTSD) ʻO ka pherine kahi isomer kūlana no ka endogenous pheromone androstadienol E like me ka 2020, aia i ka pae III nā hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua no ka maʻi pīhoihoi pili kaiaulu.
4-Hydroxytestolone: 4-Hydroxytestolone ( 4-OHT ), ʻike ʻia ʻo 4,17β-dihydroxyandrost-4-en-3-one , kahi anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS) synthetic a me kahi mea i loaʻa ʻole o ka testosterone i kūʻai ʻole ʻia. Ua pio mua ʻia e GD Searle & Company ma 1955 a he testosterone me kahi hui hydroxy ma nā kūlana ʻehā. ʻO ka 4-OHT he anabolic kaulike, androgen akahai, a me nā anti-aromatase a like me ka steroid clostebol (4-chlorotestosteron).
4,21-Dehydrogeissoschizine: 4,21-Dehydrogeissoschizine kahi terpene indole alkaloid. Manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ka mua e alakaʻi ana i ka hoʻokumu ʻia o nā aspidosperma, corynanthe, a me iboga papa o terpene indole alkaloids.
4,21-Dehydrogeissoschizine: 4,21-Dehydrogeissoschizine kahi terpene indole alkaloid. Manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ka mua e alakaʻi ana i ka hoʻokumu ʻia o nā aspidosperma, corynanthe, a me iboga papa o terpene indole alkaloids.
ʻO Pete Rose: ʻO Peter Edward Rose Sr. , i ʻike ʻia e kona inoa kapakapa " Charlie Hustle ", he kanaka ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa baseball ʻoihana mua a luna hoʻomalu hoʻi. Ua pāʻani ʻo Rose ma ka Baseball Nui Nui (MLB) mai ka makahiki 1963 a i ka makahiki 1986, a ua hoʻokele ʻo ia i ka Cincinnati Reds mai ka makahiki 1984 a 1989.
4,294,967,295: ʻO ka helu 4,294,967,295 he helu helu kaulike ia 2 32 - 1. He helu huina piha ia. Hahai ia 4,294,967,294 a ma mua o 4,294,967,296. Loaʻa kahi helu o .	ʻO ka helu 4,294,967,295 he helu helu kaulike ia 2 32 - 1. He helu huina piha ia. Hahai ia 4,294,967,294 a ma mua o 4,294,967,296. Loaʻa kahi helu o
4,294,967,295: ʻO ka helu 4,294,967,295 he helu helu kaulike ia 2 32 - 1. He helu huina piha ia. Hahai ia 4,294,967,294 a ma mua o 4,294,967,296. Loaʻa kahi helu o .	ʻO ka helu 4,294,967,295 he helu helu kaulike ia 2 32 - 1. He helu huina piha ia. Hahai ia 4,294,967,294 a ma mua o 4,294,967,296. Loaʻa kahi helu o
Nā kauoha o ka nui (ʻikepili): ʻO ke kauoha o ka nui ke kumu o ka ʻumi. No laila, ʻehā mau kauoha o ka nui i kumu o 10,000 a i ʻole 10 4 .
Kahului: I ke geometry, ʻo ka tesseract ke ʻano hoʻohālikelike ʻehā o ka pahu; aia ka tesseract i ka pahu e like me ka pahu i ka square. E like me ka ʻeono o ke alo o ka pahu i ka pahu o ka pahu, ʻo ka hypersurface o ka tesseract he ʻewalu mau huna huina cubical. ʻO ka tesseract kekahi o nā convex ʻeono mau 4-polytopes maʻamau.
ʻO Bromocresol poni: ʻO Bromocresol purple ( BCP ) a i ʻole 5 ′, 5 ″ -dibromo- o -cresolsulfophthalein , kahi kala o ka ʻohana triphenylmethane a me kahi hōʻailona PH. He melemele ia ma lalo o ka pH 5.2, a ʻo ka viole ma luna o ka pH 6.8. Ma kona cyclic sulfonate ester palapala, ka mea, i ka pa K ke kumukuai o 6,3, a ua ana makaukau me he 0,04% koʻana koko pāʻoihana.
ʻO Bromocresol poni: ʻO Bromocresol purple ( BCP ) a i ʻole 5 ′, 5 ″ -dibromo- o -cresolsulfophthalein , kahi kala o ka ʻohana triphenylmethane a me kahi hōʻailona PH. He melemele ia ma lalo o ka pH 5.2, a ʻo ka viole ma luna o ka pH 6.8. Ma kona cyclic sulfonate ester palapala, ka mea, i ka pa K ke kumukuai o 6,3, a ua ana makaukau me he 0,04% koʻana koko pāʻoihana.
Bisphenol A: ʻO Bisphenol A ( BPA ) kahi mea hoʻohui synthetic me ka kemikika (CH 3 ) 2 C (C 6 H 4 OH) 2 e pili ana i ka hui o nā diphenylmethane derivatives a me nā bisphenols, me nā hui hydroxyphenyl ʻelua. He paʻa kala ʻole ia e hoʻonā ʻia i nā mea hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, akā hiki ʻole ke hoʻoheheʻe maikaʻi ʻia i ka wai (0.344 wt% ma 83 ° C).
4,4'-Azobis (4-cyanopentanoic acid): 4,4'-Azobis (4-cyanopentanoic acid) ( ACPA ) kahi mea hoʻomaka radical manuahi i hoʻohana ʻia i ka synthes polymer. ʻO ACPA kahi mea hoʻomaka i ka wai i hoʻohana ʻia i loko o nā polymerization free-radical heterogeneous a homogenous. Hoʻohana ʻia ia ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻomaka i ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi hou − fragmentation chain transfer polymerization (RAFT). Ke hoʻomehana ʻia i ka palaho, c. 70 ° C, hoʻokuʻu ia N 2 a hoʻopuka i 2 kūlike o nā radical reactive i hiki ke hoʻomaka i ka polymerization.
4,4'-Azobis (4-cyanopentanoic acid): 4,4'-Azobis (4-cyanopentanoic acid) ( ACPA ) kahi mea hoʻomaka radical manuahi i hoʻohana ʻia i ka synthes polymer. ʻO ACPA kahi mea hoʻomaka i ka wai i hoʻohana ʻia i loko o nā polymerization free-radical heterogeneous a homogenous. Hoʻohana ʻia ia ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻomaka i ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi hou − fragmentation chain transfer polymerization (RAFT). Ke hoʻomehana ʻia i ka palaho, c. 70 ° C, hoʻokuʻu ia N 2 a hoʻopuka i 2 kūlike o nā radical reactive i hiki ke hoʻomaka i ka polymerization.
Benzidine: ʻO Benzidine (inoa trivial), i kapa ʻia hoʻi he 1,1'-biphenyl-4,4'-diamine (inoa ʻōnaehana ), he mea hui pū me ke ʻano (C 6 H 4 NH 2 ) 2 . He amine onaona ia. He mahele ia o ka hoʻāʻo no ka cyanide. Hoʻohana ʻia nā derivatives e pili ana i ka hana ʻana i nā kala. Ua hoʻopili ʻia ʻo Benzidine i ka maʻi ʻaʻai a me ka maʻi pancreatic.
4,4'-Biphenol: ʻO 4,4'-Biphenol kahi hui kūpona kahi phenolic derivative o biphenyl. He paʻa kala ʻole ia.
Benzidine: ʻO Benzidine (inoa trivial), i kapa ʻia hoʻi he 1,1'-biphenyl-4,4'-diamine (inoa ʻōnaehana ), he mea hui pū me ke ʻano (C 6 H 4 NH 2 ) 2 . He amine onaona ia. He mahele ia o ka hoʻāʻo no ka cyanide. Hoʻohana ʻia nā derivatives e pili ana i ka hana ʻana i nā kala. Ua hoʻopili ʻia ʻo Benzidine i ka maʻi ʻaʻai a me ka maʻi pancreatic.
4,4'-Bipyridine: ʻO 4,4′-Bipyridine (hoʻopōkole ʻia i 4,4′-bipy a i ʻole 4,4′-bpy ) he bipyridine e hoʻohana nui ʻia ma ke ʻano he mea mua i N , N '-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium [(C 5 H 4 NCH 3 ) 2 ] 2+ , ʻike ʻia ʻo paraquat. He electroactive kēia ʻano, a kū aʻe kāna mea ʻona mai ka hiki o kēia dication e hōʻoki i ka hoʻoili uila electron. Ma muli o kona ʻano, 4,4′-bipyridine hiki ke alahaka ma waena o nā kikowaena metala e hāʻawi i nā polymela hoʻohui. Hiki i ka 4,4'-Bipyridine ke hoʻopili i nā hopena uila ma waena o nā kikowaena metala paramagnetic ʻelua.
4,4'-Bis (dimethylamino) benzhydrol: ʻO 4,4'-Bis (dimethylamino) benzhydrol kahi hui pū me ke ʻano (Me 2 NC 6 H 4 ) 2 CH (OH), kahi Me ka methyl. He paʻa keʻokeʻo i hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia he ʻano o nā mea hoʻoheheʻeolaola Kaulana ka pūhui e like me ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi derivative o kā Michler ketone. He mea mua ia i nā kala triarylmethane.
4,4'-Dimethylaminorex: ʻO 4,4'-Dimethylaminorex , i kekahi manawa i kuhikuhi ʻia e ka inoa alanui "Serotoni", kahi lāʻau hoʻomohala psychostimulant a entactogen e pili ana i aminorex, 4-methylaminorex, a me pemoline. Ua ʻike mua ʻia ia ma Netherlands ma Kēkēmapa 2012, a ua kūʻai ʻia aku ma ke ʻano he lāʻau hoʻolālā a puni ʻEulopa mai ka waenakonu o 2013.
3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine: ʻO 3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine kahi hui pū me ke ʻano (C 6 H 3 Cl (NH 2 )) 2 . Hui melemele ka hui o ka hui maemae, akā kala ʻia nā laʻana kālepa. ʻAʻohe hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai a hāʻawi pinepine ʻia ma ke ʻano he pulu pulu. Hoʻohana ākea ia i ka hana ʻana o nā pigment melemele diarylide i hoʻohana ʻia i ka hana o nā inika paʻi. ʻO kāna hoʻohana ʻana i ka hana ʻana o nā kala i hoʻopau pinepine ʻia no ka hopohopo e pili ana i ka carcinogenicity
Tolidine: ʻO 2-Tolidine ( orthotolidine , o-tolidine ; ʻaʻole e huikau me ka o ka ʻo -toluidine ) kahi hui pū me ke ʻano kemika (C 6 H 4 (CH 3 ) NH 2 ) 2 . ʻIke ʻia kekahi mau isomer; ʻo ka 3-tolidine derivative ka mea nui i kālepa. He hui kala ʻole ia akā ʻo nā laʻana kalepa kala ʻia nā kala. Māmā iki ia i ka wai. Hana ia i nā paʻakai me nā waikawa, e like me ka hydrochloride, i loaʻa ma ke kālepa.
4,4'-Oxydianiline: ʻO 4,4'-Oxydianiline kahi hui pū me ke ʻano O (C 6 H 4 NH 2 ) 2 . He huaʻai ether ia o ka aniline. ʻO kēia solidless colorless he monomer pono a me ka mea e hoʻopili ana i ke keʻa no polymers, keu hoʻi nā polyimides, e like me Kapton.
4,4'-Methylenedianiline: ʻO 4,4'-Methylenedianiline ( MDA ) kahi hui kūmole me ke ʻano CH 2 (C 6 H 4 NH 2 ) 2 . ʻO kahi paʻa kala ʻole a keʻokeʻo paha. Hana ʻia ia ma ka pālua ʻoihana me he mea mua i nā polyurethanes.
4,4'-Diapophytoene desaturase: ʻO 4,4'-Diapophytoene desaturase kahi enzyme me ka inoa ʻōnaehana 15-cis-4,4'-diapophytoene: FAD oxidoreductase . Hoʻopili kēia enzyme i ka hopena kemika i lalo 15-cis-4,4'-diapophytoene + 4 FAD all-trans-4,4'-diapolycopene + 4 FADH2 (1a) 15-cis-4,4'-diapophytoene + FAD all-trans-4,4'-diapophytofluene + FADH2 (1b) all-trans-4,4'-diapophytofluene + FAD all-trans-4,4'-diapo-zeta-carotene + FADH2 (1c) all-trans-4,4'-diapo-zeta-carotene + FAD all-trans-4,4'-diaponeurosporene + FADH2 (1d) all-trans-4,4'-diaponeurosporene + FAD all-trans-4,4'-diapolycopene + FADH2
4,4'-Diapophytoene synthase: ʻO 4,4'-diapophytoene synthase kahi enzyme me ka inoa ʻōnaehana farnesyl-diphosphate: farnesyl-diphosphate farnesyltransferase . Hoʻopili kēia enzyme i ka hopena kemika i lalo 2 (2 E , 6 E ) -farnesyl diphosphate 4,4'-diapophytoene + 2 diphosphate (1a) 2 (2 E , 6 E ) -farnesyl diphosphate diphospate + presqualene diphosphate (1b) dipquospate presqualene 4,4'-diapophytoene + diphosphate
4,4'-Dichlorobenzophenone: ʻO 4,4'-Dichlorobenzophenone kahi hui pū me ke ʻano o (ClC 6 H 4 ) 2 CO.
4,4'-Dichlorodiphenyl sulfone: ʻO ka 4,4′-Dichlorodiphenyl sulfone ( DCDPS ) kahi hui pū me ke ʻano (ClC 6 H 4 ) 2 SO 2 . Hoʻonohonoho ʻia e like me ka sulfone, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia kēia paʻa keʻokeʻo ma ke ʻano he precursor i nā polymers ʻoʻoleʻa a me ka pale wela e like me PES a me Udel.
4,4'-Dichlorodiphenyl sulfone: ʻO ka 4,4′-Dichlorodiphenyl sulfone ( DCDPS ) kahi hui pū me ke ʻano (ClC 6 H 4 ) 2 SO 2 . Hoʻonohonoho ʻia e like me ka sulfone, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia kēia paʻa keʻokeʻo ma ke ʻano he precursor i nā polymers ʻoʻoleʻa a me ka pale wela e like me PES a me Udel.
4,4'-Difluorobenzophenone: ʻO 4,4'-Difluorobenzophenone kahi hui kūmole me ka mana o (FC 6 H 4 ) 2 CO. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia kēia kala ʻole waiho ʻia ma ke ʻano he precursor i ka PEEK, a i ʻole polyhereher ketone, kahi polima kiʻekiʻe i kapa ʻia he kiʻekiʻe. Ma muli o ke kūpaʻa ʻana o PEEK i ka hoʻouka kaua, hoʻohana mau ʻia ia i nā uhi kalapona kalapona a me ka hoʻoweliweli uwea.
4,4'-Dihydroxybenzophenone: ʻO 4,4'-Dihydroxybenzophenone kahi mea hui pū me ke ʻano (HOC 6 H 4 ) 2 CO. ʻO kēia keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo kahi mea mua i a i ʻole kahi huahana hoʻohaʻahaʻa o nā ʻano ʻoihana like ʻole. He mea hoʻopilikia endocrine hiki.
4,4'-Biphenol: ʻO 4,4'-Biphenol kahi hui kūpona kahi phenolic derivative o biphenyl. He paʻa kala ʻole ia.
ʻO Stilbestrol: ʻO Stilbestrol , a i ʻole stilboestrol , i ʻike ʻia he 4,4'-dihydroxystilbene a i ʻole 4,4'-stilbenediol , he stilbenoid nonsteroidal estrogen a me ka pūhui makua o kahi hui o nā derivatives estrogen nonsteroidal iʻoi aku ka ikaika e komo pū, ʻoi loa, diethylstilbestrol (DES) . Hoʻohana pinepine ʻole ʻia ka huaʻōlelo "stilbestrol" e kuhikuhi iā DES, akā ʻaʻole lākou like ka hui pū.
ʻO DIDIDA: 4,4'-Diisothiocyano-2,2'-stilbenedisulfonic acid ( DIDS ) kahi mea hoʻohuli kuapo anion, ke pale nei i ka hoʻi ʻana, a ma hope ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia, nā mea kūʻai aku e like me ka chloride-bicarbonate exchanger.
ʻO DIDIDA: 4,4'-Diisothiocyano-2,2'-stilbenedisulfonic acid ( DIDS ) kahi mea hoʻohuli kuapo anion, ke pale nei i ka hoʻi ʻana, a ma hope ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia, nā mea kūʻai aku e like me ka chloride-bicarbonate exchanger.
4,4'-Dimethylaminorex: ʻO 4,4'-Dimethylaminorex , i kekahi manawa i kuhikuhi ʻia e ka inoa alanui "Serotoni", kahi lāʻau hoʻomohala psychostimulant a entactogen e pili ana i aminorex, 4-methylaminorex, a me pemoline. Ua ʻike mua ʻia ia ma Netherlands ma Kēkēmapa 2012, a ua kūʻai ʻia aku ma ke ʻano he lāʻau hoʻolālā a puni ʻEulopa mai ka waenakonu o 2013.
4,4'-Dinitro-3,3'-diazenofuroxan: ʻO 4,4'-Dinitro-3,3'-diazenofuroxan ( DDF ) kahi pahū kiʻekiʻe hoʻokolohua kiʻekiʻe me ka hana i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā mea pahū kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe ʻē aʻe e like me ka octanitrocubane. Hoʻolālā ʻia ia e ka hoʻopili oxidative o 4-amino-3- (azidocarbonyl) furoxan a ukali ʻia e Curtius rearrangement a me ka oxidation hou aʻe.
Methylene diphenyl diisocyanate: ʻO Methylene diphenyl diisocyanate ( MDI ) kahi diisocyanate ʻaʻala. ʻEkolu nā isomers maʻamau, ʻokoʻa e nā kūlana o nā hui isocyanate a puni nā apo: 2,2'-MDI, 2,4'-MDI, a me 4,4'-MDI . Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka 4,4 'isomer, a ʻike ʻia hoʻi ma ke ʻano he 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate. ʻIke ʻia kēia isomer ʻo Pure MDI . Hana ʻo MDI me nā polyols i ka hana ʻana o polyurethane. ʻO ia ka diisocyanate hana nui ʻia, e helu ana no 61.3% o ka mākeke honua i ka makahiki 2000.
4,4'-Methylenedianiline: ʻO 4,4'-Methylenedianiline ( MDA ) kahi hui kūmole me ke ʻano CH 2 (C 6 H 4 NH 2 ) 2 . ʻO kahi paʻa kala ʻole a keʻokeʻo paha. Hana ʻia ia ma ka pālua ʻoihana me he mea mua i nā polyurethanes.
Methylene diphenyl diisocyanate: ʻO Methylene diphenyl diisocyanate ( MDI ) kahi diisocyanate ʻaʻala. ʻEkolu nā isomers maʻamau, ʻokoʻa e nā kūlana o nā hui isocyanate a puni nā apo: 2,2'-MDI, 2,4'-MDI, a me 4,4'-MDI . Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka 4,4 'isomer, a ʻike ʻia hoʻi ma ke ʻano he 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate. ʻIke ʻia kēia isomer ʻo Pure MDI . Hana ʻo MDI me nā polyols i ka hana ʻana o polyurethane. ʻO ia ka diisocyanate hana nui ʻia, e helu ana no 61.3% o ka mākeke honua i ka makahiki 2000.
4,4'-Methylenebis (2-chloroaniline): 4,4'-Methylenebis (2-chloroaniline) kahi mea hoʻohana i hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻōla i ka hana polyurethane. ʻO ka MOCA kahi amine onaona e like me ke ʻano like me ka benzidine, kahi carcinogen kanakaʻeke i ʻike ʻia. Ua hōʻike ʻia ka MOCA e hana i nā hepatoma i nāʻiole a me nā ʻiole, nā māmā a me nā maʻi maʻi mammary i nā ʻiole a me nā maʻi ʻaʻai o ka maʻi i nā ʻīlio. He kino kanaka make kino ia e kū nei ma ka papa inoa ʻo WHO o nā IARC Group 1 carcinogens, me kahi palena palena palena o 0,01 ppm i kēia manawa i ka lewa ʻenehana. Ua hopena nā haʻawina holoholona i ka ulu ulu ʻana o ke ake, ka akemāmā, a me ka ʻai.
4,4'-Methylenebis (2-chloroaniline): 4,4'-Methylenebis (2-chloroaniline) kahi mea hoʻohana i hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻōla i ka hana polyurethane. ʻO ka MOCA kahi amine onaona e like me ke ʻano like me ka benzidine, kahi carcinogen kanakaʻeke i ʻike ʻia. Ua hōʻike ʻia ka MOCA e hana i nā hepatoma i nāʻiole a me nā ʻiole, nā māmā a me nā maʻi maʻi mammary i nā ʻiole a me nā maʻi ʻaʻai o ka maʻi i nā ʻīlio. He kino kanaka make kino ia e kū nei ma ka papa inoa ʻo WHO o nā IARC Group 1 carcinogens, me kahi palena palena palena o 0,01 ppm i kēia manawa i ka lewa ʻenehana. Ua hopena nā haʻawina holoholona i ka ulu ulu ʻana o ke ake, ka akemāmā, a me ka ʻai.
4,4'-Methylenebis (2-chloroaniline): 4,4'-Methylenebis (2-chloroaniline) kahi mea hoʻohana i hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻōla i ka hana polyurethane. ʻO ka MOCA kahi amine onaona e like me ke ʻano like me ka benzidine, kahi carcinogen kanakaʻeke i ʻike ʻia. Ua hōʻike ʻia ka MOCA e hana i nā hepatoma i nāʻiole a me nā ʻiole, nā māmā a me nā maʻi maʻi mammary i nā ʻiole a me nā maʻi ʻaʻai o ka maʻi i nā ʻīlio. He kino kanaka make kino ia e kū nei ma ka papa inoa ʻo WHO o nā IARC Group 1 carcinogens, me kahi palena palena palena o 0,01 ppm i kēia manawa i ka lewa ʻenehana. Ua hopena nā haʻawina holoholona i ka ulu ulu ʻana o ke ake, ka akemāmā, a me ka ʻai.
4,4'-Methylenebis (2-chloroaniline): 4,4'-Methylenebis (2-chloroaniline) kahi mea hoʻohana i hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻōla i ka hana polyurethane. ʻO ka MOCA kahi amine onaona e like me ke ʻano like me ka benzidine, kahi carcinogen kanakaʻeke i ʻike ʻia. Ua hōʻike ʻia ka MOCA e hana i nā hepatoma i nāʻiole a me nā ʻiole, nā māmā a me nā maʻi maʻi mammary i nā ʻiole a me nā maʻi ʻaʻai o ka maʻi i nā ʻīlio. He kino kanaka make kino ia e kū nei ma ka papa inoa ʻo WHO o nā IARC Group 1 carcinogens, me kahi palena palena palena o 0,01 ppm i kēia manawa i ka lewa ʻenehana. Ua hopena nā haʻawina holoholona i ka ulu ulu ʻana o ke ake, ka akemāmā, a me ka ʻai.
4,4'-Methylenedianiline: ʻO 4,4'-Methylenedianiline ( MDA ) kahi hui kūmole me ke ʻano CH 2 (C 6 H 4 NH 2 ) 2 . ʻO kahi paʻa kala ʻole a keʻokeʻo paha. Hana ʻia ia ma ka pālua ʻoihana me he mea mua i nā polyurethanes.
4,4'-Methylenedianiline: ʻO 4,4'-Methylenedianiline ( MDA ) kahi hui kūmole me ke ʻano CH 2 (C 6 H 4 NH 2 ) 2 . ʻO kahi paʻa kala ʻole a keʻokeʻo paha. Hana ʻia ia ma ka pālua ʻoihana me he mea mua i nā polyurethanes.
4,4'-Oxydianiline: ʻO 4,4'-Oxydianiline kahi hui pū me ke ʻano O (C 6 H 4 NH 2 ) 2 . He huaʻai ether ia o ka aniline. ʻO kēia solidless colorless he monomer pono a me ka mea e hoʻopili ana i ke keʻa no polymers, keu hoʻi nā polyimides, e like me Kapton.
4,4'-Oxydianiline: ʻO 4,4'-Oxydianiline kahi hui pū me ke ʻano O (C 6 H 4 NH 2 ) 2 . He huaʻai ether ia o ka aniline. ʻO kēia solidless colorless he monomer pono a me ka mea e hoʻopili ana i ke keʻa no polymers, keu hoʻi nā polyimides, e like me Kapton.
ʻO Stilbestrol: ʻO Stilbestrol , a i ʻole stilboestrol , i ʻike ʻia he 4,4'-dihydroxystilbene a i ʻole 4,4'-stilbenediol , he stilbenoid nonsteroidal estrogen a me ka pūhui makua o kahi hui o nā derivatives estrogen nonsteroidal iʻoi aku ka ikaika e komo pū, ʻoi loa, diethylstilbestrol (DES) . Hoʻohana pinepine ʻole ʻia ka huaʻōlelo "stilbestrol" e kuhikuhi iā DES, akā ʻaʻole lākou like ka hui pū.
4,4'-Thiodianiline: 4,4′-Thiodianiline (TDA) kahi amine ʻaʻala i manaʻo ʻia he carcinogenic i nā kānaka.
4,4'-Biphenol: ʻO 4,4'-Biphenol kahi hui kūpona kahi phenolic derivative o biphenyl. He paʻa kala ʻole ia.
4,4'-Bipyridine: ʻO 4,4′-Bipyridine (hoʻopōkole ʻia i 4,4′-bipy a i ʻole 4,4′-bpy ) he bipyridine e hoʻohana nui ʻia ma ke ʻano he mea mua i N , N '-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium [(C 5 H 4 NCH 3 ) 2 ] 2+ , ʻike ʻia ʻo paraquat. He electroactive kēia ʻano, a kū aʻe kāna mea ʻona mai ka hiki o kēia dication e hōʻoki i ka hoʻoili uila electron. Ma muli o kona ʻano, 4,4′-bipyridine hiki ke alahaka ma waena o nā kikowaena metala e hāʻawi i nā polymela hoʻohui. Hiki i ka 4,4'-Bipyridine ke hoʻopili i nā hopena uila ma waena o nā kikowaena metala paramagnetic ʻelua.
4,4'-Bipyridine: ʻO 4,4′-Bipyridine (hoʻopōkole ʻia i 4,4′-bipy a i ʻole 4,4′-bpy ) he bipyridine e hoʻohana nui ʻia ma ke ʻano he mea mua i N , N '-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium [(C 5 H 4 NCH 3 ) 2 ] 2+ , ʻike ʻia ʻo paraquat. He electroactive kēia ʻano, a kū aʻe kāna mea ʻona mai ka hiki o kēia dication e hōʻoki i ka hoʻoili uila electron. Ma muli o kona ʻano, 4,4′-bipyridine hiki ke alahaka ma waena o nā kikowaena metala e hāʻawi i nā polymela hoʻohui. Hiki i ka 4,4'-Bipyridine ke hoʻopili i nā hopena uila ma waena o nā kikowaena metala paramagnetic ʻelua.
ʻO ketler a Michler: ʻO ka ketone a Michler kahi hui kūmole me ka mana o [(CH 3 ) 2 NC 6 H 4 ] 2 CO. ʻO kēia derivative rich electron o benzophenone kahi mea waena i ka hana o nā kala a me nā pigment, e laʻa me Methyl violet. Hoʻohana ʻia ia ma ke ʻano he photosensitizer. Ua kapa ʻia ka inoa ma muli o ke kaimia Kelemania ʻo Wilhelm Michler.
ʻO ketler a Michler: ʻO ka ketone a Michler kahi hui kūmole me ka mana o [(CH 3 ) 2 NC 6 H 4 ] 2 CO. ʻO kēia derivative rich electron o benzophenone kahi mea waena i ka hana o nā kala a me nā pigment, e laʻa me Methyl violet. Hoʻohana ʻia ia ma ke ʻano he photosensitizer. Ua kapa ʻia ka inoa ma muli o ke kaimia Kelemania ʻo Wilhelm Michler.
Benzidine: ʻO Benzidine (inoa trivial), i kapa ʻia hoʻi he 1,1'-biphenyl-4,4'-diamine (inoa ʻōnaehana ), he mea hui pū me ke ʻano (C 6 H 4 NH 2 ) 2 . He amine onaona ia. He mahele ia o ka hoʻāʻo no ka cyanide. Hoʻohana ʻia nā derivatives e pili ana i ka hana ʻana i nā kala. Ua hoʻopili ʻia ʻo Benzidine i ka maʻi ʻaʻai a me ka maʻi pancreatic.
4,4'-Oxydianiline: ʻO 4,4'-Oxydianiline kahi hui pū me ke ʻano O (C 6 H 4 NH 2 ) 2 . He huaʻai ether ia o ka aniline. ʻO kēia solidless colorless he monomer pono a me ka mea e hoʻopili ana i ke keʻa no polymers, keu hoʻi nā polyimides, e like me Kapton.
Diapolycopene oxygenase: ʻO Diapolycopene oxygenase (EC 1.14.99.44 , crtP ) kahi enzyme me ka inoa ʻōnaehana 4,4'-diapolycopene, AH2: oxygen oxidoreductase (4,4'-hydroxylating) . Hoʻopili kēia enzyme i ka hopena kemika i lalo 4,4'-diapolycopene + 4 AH 2 + 4 O 2 4,4'-diapolycopenedial + 4 A + 6 H 2 O
Diapolycopene oxygenase: ʻO Diapolycopene oxygenase (EC 1.14.99.44 , crtP ) kahi enzyme me ka inoa ʻōnaehana 4,4'-diapolycopene, AH2: oxygen oxidoreductase (4,4'-hydroxylating) . Hoʻopili kēia enzyme i ka hopena kemika i lalo 4,4'-diapolycopene + 4 AH 2 + 4 O 2 4,4'-diapolycopenedial + 4 A + 6 H 2 O
4,4'-Diapophytoene desaturase: ʻO 4,4'-Diapophytoene desaturase kahi enzyme me ka inoa ʻōnaehana 15-cis-4,4'-diapophytoene: FAD oxidoreductase . Hoʻopili kēia enzyme i ka hopena kemika i lalo 15-cis-4,4'-diapophytoene + 4 FAD all-trans-4,4'-diapolycopene + 4 FADH2 (1a) 15-cis-4,4'-diapophytoene + FAD all-trans-4,4'-diapophytofluene + FADH2 (1b) all-trans-4,4'-diapophytofluene + FAD all-trans-4,4'-diapo-zeta-carotene + FADH2 (1c) all-trans-4,4'-diapo-zeta-carotene + FAD all-trans-4,4'-diaponeurosporene + FADH2 (1d) all-trans-4,4'-diaponeurosporene + FAD all-trans-4,4'-diapolycopene + FADH2
4,4'-Diapophytoene synthase: ʻO 4,4'-diapophytoene synthase kahi enzyme me ka inoa ʻōnaehana farnesyl-diphosphate: farnesyl-diphosphate farnesyltransferase . Hoʻopili kēia enzyme i ka hopena kemika i lalo 2 (2 E , 6 E ) -farnesyl diphosphate 4,4'-diapophytoene + 2 diphosphate (1a) 2 (2 E , 6 E ) -farnesyl diphosphate diphospate + presqualene diphosphate (1b) dipquospate presqualene 4,4'-diapophytoene + diphosphate