Cymegesolate, 3β-Dihydroprogesterone, 3β-Etiocholanediol

Cymegesolate: ʻO Cymegesolate , i ʻike ʻia ʻo cypionyl megestrol acetate a i ʻole megestrol acetate 3β-cypionate , kahi lāʻau progestin i kūʻai ʻole ʻia. Ua hoʻomohala ʻia ma Kina i ka hopena o nā 1970s a i ke kakahiaka a i waena o 1980s no ka hoʻohana ʻana ma ke ʻano he contraceptive hormonal. Hoʻomumu ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau ma kahi lāʻau o 50-100 mg i hui pū ʻia me ka mahele "trace" o 0.25-0.5 mg quinestrol ma ke ʻano he lōʻihi lōʻihi, hoʻokahi-a-ka-mahina hoʻohui pū pākeke haʻi waha. Ua aʻo ʻia kēia hui ʻana i 1,213 mau wahine ma waena o 9,651 ka nui o ka pōʻai menstrual, me ka pono hana pale i ʻoi aku ma luna o 99.13% a me "nā mea liʻiliʻi loa." I ke koina kiʻekiʻe, ua hōʻike ia i kahi helu anovulation ma kahi o 60% wale nō, a ma kahi o ka hoʻopili ʻana i kāna hopena contraceptive ma o ka hopena anti-implantation i hōʻailona ʻia.
3β-Dihydroprogesterone: ʻO 3β-Dihydroprogesterone ( 3β-DHP ), i ʻike ʻia ʻo 3β-hydroxyprogesterone , a i ʻole ka hāpai-4-en-3β-ol-20-hoʻokahi , kahi steroid endogenous. Hoʻokomo ʻia ia e 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase mai ka progesterone. ʻAʻole like me 3α-dihydroprogesterone (3α-DHP), ʻaʻole hana ʻo 3β-DHP ma ke ʻano he modulator allosteric maikaʻi o ka GABA A receptor , i kūlike me ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o nā metabolite progesterone 3β-hydroxylated e like me isopregnanolone a me epipregnanolone e hana like ʻole. ma ke ʻano he potentiators o kēia mea loaʻa a kāohi iā ia a hoʻohuli hoʻi i nā hopena o nā potentiators e like me allopregnanolone. Ua hōʻike ʻia ʻo 3β-DHP e pili ana i ka ikaika like me ka progesterone i kahi bioassay o ka hana progestogenic, akā ʻaʻole i nānā ʻia ʻo 3α-DHP
3β-Etiocholanediol: ʻO 3β-Etiocholanediol , a i ʻole epietiocholanediol , i ʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he 3β, 5β-androstanediol a i ʻole he etiocholane-3β, 17β-diol , he etiocholane (5β-androstane) steroid a he endite metabolite o testosterone. Hana ʻia ia mai 5β-dihydrotestosteron a hoʻololi ʻia i epietiocholanolone.
3β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase: 3β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase / Δ 5-4 isomerase ( 3β-HSD ) kahi enzyme e catalyze i ka biosynthesis o ka progesterone steroid mai ka hamilenolone, 17α-hydroxyprogesterone mai 17α-hydroxypregnenolone, a me androstenedione mai dehydroepiandrolone (DHEA) i ka adrenal gland. ʻO ia wale nō ka enzyme i ke ala adrenal o ka synthesic corticosteroid ʻaʻole ia he lālā o ka ʻohana cytochrome P450. Aia pū kekahi i loko o nā mea hana steroid i hana ʻia, e like me ka ovary, testis a me placenta. I nā kānaka, aia kekahi mau isozymes 3β-HSD i hoʻopili ʻia e nā ʻāpana HSD3B1 a me HSD3B2.
HSD3B2: He lāhui kanaka ka HSD3B2 i encode no 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase / delta (5) -delta (4) isomerase type II a i ʻole hydroxy-delta-5-steroid dehydrogenase, 3 beta- a me steroid delta-isomerase 2 . Hōʻike nui ʻia ia i nā aʻa steroidoid a he mea nui ia no ka hana steroid steroid. ʻO kahi mea ʻokoʻa ka placenta, kahi o HSD3B1 koʻikoʻi no ka hana progesterone e kēia kiko.
HSD3B2: He lāhui kanaka ka HSD3B2 i encode no 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase / delta (5) -delta (4) isomerase type II a i ʻole hydroxy-delta-5-steroid dehydrogenase, 3 beta- a me steroid delta-isomerase 2 . Hōʻike nui ʻia ia i nā aʻa steroidoid a he mea nui ia no ka hana steroid steroid. ʻO kahi mea ʻokoʻa ka placenta, kahi o HSD3B1 koʻikoʻi no ka hana progesterone e kēia kiko.
Isopregnanolone: ʻO Isopregnanolone , ʻike ʻia ʻo isoallopregnanolone a me epiallopregnanolone , a me sepranolone ( INN ), a me 3β-hydroxy-5α-spenan-20-hoʻokahi a i ʻole 3β, 5α-tetrahydroprogesterone ( 3β, 5α-THP ), he neurosteroid endogenous a me kūlohelohe 3β-epimer o allopregnanolone. Ua Ua ua hoike e hana me ka subunit-e wae hopena maikaʻi allosteric modulator o ka me Gaba A mea loaʻa, a me ka antagonizes i loko o na holoholona a me ka hopena o kekahi akā,ʻaʻole a pau o ka Gaba A mea loaʻa-mediated hopena o ka allopregnanolone, e like me anesthesia, sedation, a ua hoemiia saccadic neʻe o ka maka, akā ʻaʻole aʻo i ka hoʻopilikia. ʻAʻohe o nā hopena hormonal ʻo Isopregnanolone a ʻike ʻia ʻaʻohe ona hopena ma ka GABA A receptor e ia iho; koho ia i nā antagonize allopregnanolone a ʻaʻole pili i nā hopena o nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o GABA A receptor positive allosteric modulators like benzodiazepines or barbiturates.
3β-Dihydroprogesterone: ʻO 3β-Dihydroprogesterone ( 3β-DHP ), i ʻike ʻia ʻo 3β-hydroxyprogesterone , a i ʻole ka hāpai-4-en-3β-ol-20-hoʻokahi , kahi steroid endogenous. Hoʻokomo ʻia ia e 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase mai ka progesterone. ʻAʻole like me 3α-dihydroprogesterone (3α-DHP), ʻaʻole hana ʻo 3β-DHP ma ke ʻano he modulator allosteric maikaʻi o ka GABA A receptor , i kūlike me ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o nā metabolite progesterone 3β-hydroxylated e like me isopregnanolone a me epipregnanolone e hana like ʻole. ma ke ʻano he potentiators o kēia mea loaʻa a kāohi iā ia a hoʻohuli hoʻi i nā hopena o nā potentiators e like me allopregnanolone. Ua hōʻike ʻia ʻo 3β-DHP e pili ana i ka ikaika like me ka progesterone i kahi bioassay o ka hana progestogenic, akā ʻaʻole i nānā ʻia ʻo 3α-DHP
3β-Dihydroprogesterone: ʻO 3β-Dihydroprogesterone ( 3β-DHP ), i ʻike ʻia ʻo 3β-hydroxyprogesterone , a i ʻole ka hāpai-4-en-3β-ol-20-hoʻokahi , kahi steroid endogenous. Hoʻokomo ʻia ia e 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase mai ka progesterone. ʻAʻole like me 3α-dihydroprogesterone (3α-DHP), ʻaʻole hana ʻo 3β-DHP ma ke ʻano he modulator allosteric maikaʻi o ka GABA A receptor , i kūlike me ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o nā metabolite progesterone 3β-hydroxylated e like me isopregnanolone a me epipregnanolone e hana like ʻole. ma ke ʻano he potentiators o kēia mea loaʻa a kāohi iā ia a hoʻohuli hoʻi i nā hopena o nā potentiators e like me allopregnanolone. Ua hōʻike ʻia ʻo 3β-DHP e pili ana i ka ikaika like me ka progesterone i kahi bioassay o ka hana progestogenic, akā ʻaʻole i nānā ʻia ʻo 3α-DHP
3β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase: 3β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase / Δ 5-4 isomerase ( 3β-HSD ) kahi enzyme e catalyze i ka biosynthesis o ka progesterone steroid mai ka hamilenolone, 17α-hydroxyprogesterone mai 17α-hydroxypregnenolone, a me androstenedione mai dehydroepiandrolone (DHEA) i ka adrenal gland. ʻO ia wale nō ka enzyme i ke ala adrenal o ka synthesic corticosteroid ʻaʻole ia he lālā o ka ʻohana cytochrome P450. Aia pū kekahi i loko o nā mea hana steroid i hana ʻia, e like me ka ovary, testis a me placenta. I nā kānaka, aia kekahi mau isozymes 3β-HSD i hoʻopili ʻia e nā ʻāpana HSD3B1 a me HSD3B2.
HSD3B2: He lāhui kanaka ka HSD3B2 i encode no 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase / delta (5) -delta (4) isomerase type II a i ʻole hydroxy-delta-5-steroid dehydrogenase, 3 beta- a me steroid delta-isomerase 2 . Hōʻike nui ʻia ia i nā aʻa steroidoid a he mea nui ia no ka hana steroid steroid. ʻO kahi mea ʻokoʻa ka placenta, kahi o HSD3B1 koʻikoʻi no ka hana progesterone e kēia kiko.
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia ma muli o ka hemahema 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase: ʻO ka hyperplasia adrenal adrenal ma muli o ka hemahema 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase kahi ʻano maʻamau o ka hyperplasia adrenal congenital (CAH) i hopena ʻia mai ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka ʻāpana no kekahi o nā enzyme kī nui i ka synthesic cortisol e ka adrenal gland, 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD ) ʻano II (HSD3B2). A ʻo kahi hopena, ʻike ʻia nā pae kiʻekiʻe o 17α-hydroxypregnenolone i ke koko me ka wana adrenocorticotropic (ACTH), kahi e hoʻoulu ai i ka synthesic corticosteroid synthes.
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia ma muli o ka hemahema 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase: ʻO ka hyperplasia adrenal adrenal ma muli o ka hemahema 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase kahi ʻano maʻamau o ka hyperplasia adrenal congenital (CAH) i hopena ʻia mai ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka ʻāpana no kekahi o nā enzyme kī nui i ka synthesic cortisol e ka adrenal gland, 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD ) ʻano II (HSD3B2). A ʻo kahi hopena, ʻike ʻia nā pae kiʻekiʻe o 17α-hydroxypregnenolone i ke koko me ka wana adrenocorticotropic (ACTH), kahi e hoʻoulu ai i ka synthesic corticosteroid synthes.
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia ma muli o ka hemahema 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase: ʻO ka hyperplasia adrenal adrenal ma muli o ka hemahema 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase kahi ʻano maʻamau o ka hyperplasia adrenal congenital (CAH) i hopena ʻia mai ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka ʻāpana no kekahi o nā enzyme kī nui i ka synthesic cortisol e ka adrenal gland, 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD ) ʻano II (HSD3B2). A ʻo kahi hopena, ʻike ʻia nā pae kiʻekiʻe o 17α-hydroxypregnenolone i ke koko me ka wana adrenocorticotropic (ACTH), kahi e hoʻoulu ai i ka synthesic corticosteroid synthes.
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia ma muli o ka hemahema 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase: ʻO ka hyperplasia adrenal adrenal ma muli o ka hemahema 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase kahi ʻano maʻamau o ka hyperplasia adrenal congenital (CAH) i hopena ʻia mai ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka ʻāpana no kekahi o nā enzyme kī nui i ka synthesic cortisol e ka adrenal gland, 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD ) ʻano II (HSD3B2). A ʻo kahi hopena, ʻike ʻia nā pae kiʻekiʻe o 17α-hydroxypregnenolone i ke koko me ka wana adrenocorticotropic (ACTH), kahi e hoʻoulu ai i ka synthesic corticosteroid synthes.
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia ma muli o ka hemahema 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase: ʻO ka hyperplasia adrenal adrenal ma muli o ka hemahema 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase kahi ʻano maʻamau o ka hyperplasia adrenal congenital (CAH) i hopena ʻia mai ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka ʻāpana no kekahi o nā enzyme kī nui i ka synthesic cortisol e ka adrenal gland, 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD ) ʻano II (HSD3B2). A ʻo kahi hopena, ʻike ʻia nā pae kiʻekiʻe o 17α-hydroxypregnenolone i ke koko me ka wana adrenocorticotropic (ACTH), kahi e hoʻoulu ai i ka synthesic corticosteroid synthes.
3β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase: 3β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase / Δ 5-4 isomerase ( 3β-HSD ) kahi enzyme e catalyze i ka biosynthesis o ka progesterone steroid mai ka hamilenolone, 17α-hydroxyprogesterone mai 17α-hydroxypregnenolone, a me androstenedione mai dehydroepiandrolone (DHEA) i ka adrenal gland. ʻO ia wale nō ka enzyme i ke ala adrenal o ka synthesic corticosteroid ʻaʻole ia he lālā o ka ʻohana cytochrome P450. Aia pū kekahi i loko o nā mea hana steroid i hana ʻia, e like me ka ovary, testis a me placenta. I nā kānaka, aia kekahi mau isozymes 3β-HSD i hoʻopili ʻia e nā ʻāpana HSD3B1 a me HSD3B2.
3β-Hydroxytibolone: ʻO 3β-Hydroxytibolone kahi estrogenic steroidal estrogen i kūʻai ʻole ʻia. Me ka 3α-hydroxytibolone a me ka -t 4 -tibolone , he metabolite hana nui ia o ka tibolone, a he 3α-hydroxytibolone a me 3β-hydroxytibolone i kuleana ʻia no ka hana estrogenic o tibolone.
3β-Methoxypregnenolone: ʻO 3β-Methoxypregnenolone , a i ʻole ke hāpai wahine 3β-methyl ether , i ʻike ʻia ʻo 3β-methoxypregn-5-en-20-one , kahi steroid neuroactive synthetic a me ka derivative o ka hānau hānau. Hoʻohui pū ʻia me ka protein 2 (MAP2) pili i ka microtubule i kahi ʻano like me ka hānau ʻana a ke hoʻomohala ʻia nei no ka hoʻohana pono pilikino no nā mea e hōʻike ai e like me ka mālama ʻana i ka lolo a me nā ʻeha o ke kuamoʻo a me nā maʻi kaumaha.
4-Androstadienol: 4-Androstadienol, iʻikeʻia me 4,16-androstadien-3β-ol, mea he pherine i mea ma lalo o? Acaeoey e VistaGen Therapeutics, Inc. ma ka nasalʻehu hoʻomanaʻo (PRN) no ka huʻi iapaau ana o ka lawelawe uunu nui kāna hana. Ke ʻimi ʻia nei nō hoʻi e VistaGen Therapeutics no ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi pīhoihoi laulā (GAD) a me ka maʻi hōʻeha post-traumatic (PTSD) ʻO ka pherine kahi isomer kūlana no ka endogenous pheromone androstadienol E like me ka 2020, aia i ka pae III nā hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua no ka maʻi pīhoihoi pili kaiaulu.
3β-Androstanediol: ʻO 3β-Androstanediol , i ʻike ʻia ʻo 5α-androstane-3β, 17β-diol , a i kekahi manawa ua hoʻopōkole ʻia i nā puke i 3β-diol , kahi hormone steroid endogenous a me kahi metabolite o androgens e like me dehydroepiandrolone (DHEA) a dihydrotestolone (DHT).
3β-Androstenol: ʻO 3β-Androstenol , a i ʻike ʻia hoʻi ma ka inoa 5α-androst-16-en-3 is -ol , he pheromone mammalian kūlohelohe i ʻike ʻia i loko o nā kānaka a me nā puaʻa. Manaʻo ʻia he mea nui i ka ʻala axillary. Hana ʻia ia mai androstenone ma o ka enzyme 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. ʻAʻole like ia me C3α epimer 3α-androstenol, 3β-androstenol hōʻike i kahi mana ʻole o ka GABA A receptor a anticonvulsant activity.
ʻO Cholesteryl chloride: ʻO Cholesteryl chloride , i kapa ʻia ʻo 3-chlorocholest-5-ene a i ʻole 3β-chlorocholest-5-ene , kahi kemikaola, kahi kolokoloide derivate kolesterol. ʻO ia kahi mea aniani wai e hana ana i nā aniani wai kolesteric. He wai aniani ʻole ia, a i ʻole he mea crystalline palupalu me kahi kiko hoʻoheheʻe ma kahi o 94-96 ° C.
Nonanoate ʻo Cholesteryl: ʻO Cholesteryl nonanoate , i kapa ʻia hoʻi ʻo cholesteryl pelargonate , 3β-cholest-5-en-3-ol nonaoate a i ʻole cholest-5-ene-3-β-yl nonanoate , he ester o ka kolesterol a me ka waikawa nonanoic. ʻO ia kahi mea aniani wai e hana ana i nā aniani wai kolesteric me ke ʻano helical. Hana ʻia nā aniani spherulite.
Cymegesolate: ʻO Cymegesolate , i ʻike ʻia ʻo cypionyl megestrol acetate a i ʻole megestrol acetate 3β-cypionate , kahi lāʻau progestin i kūʻai ʻole ʻia. Ua hoʻomohala ʻia ma Kina i ka hopena o nā 1970s a i ke kakahiaka a i waena o 1980s no ka hoʻohana ʻana ma ke ʻano he contraceptive hormonal. Hoʻomumu ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau ma kahi lāʻau o 50-100 mg i hui pū ʻia me ka mahele "trace" o 0.25-0.5 mg quinestrol ma ke ʻano he lōʻihi lōʻihi, hoʻokahi-a-ka-mahina hoʻohui pū pākeke haʻi waha. Ua aʻo ʻia kēia hui ʻana i 1,213 mau wahine ma waena o 9,651 ka nui o ka pōʻai menstrual, me ka pono hana pale i ʻoi aku ma luna o 99.13% a me "nā mea liʻiliʻi loa." I ke koina kiʻekiʻe, ua hōʻike ia i kahi helu anovulation ma kahi o 60% wale nō, a ma kahi o ka hoʻopili ʻana i kāna hopena contraceptive ma o ka hopena anti-implantation i hōʻailona ʻia.
Cymegesolate: ʻO Cymegesolate , i ʻike ʻia ʻo cypionyl megestrol acetate a i ʻole megestrol acetate 3β-cypionate , kahi lāʻau progestin i kūʻai ʻole ʻia. Ua hoʻomohala ʻia ma Kina i ka hopena o nā 1970s a i ke kakahiaka a i waena o 1980s no ka hoʻohana ʻana ma ke ʻano he contraceptive hormonal. Hoʻomumu ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau ma kahi lāʻau o 50-100 mg i hui pū ʻia me ka mahele "trace" o 0.25-0.5 mg quinestrol ma ke ʻano he lōʻihi lōʻihi, hoʻokahi-a-ka-mahina hoʻohui pū pākeke haʻi waha. Ua aʻo ʻia kēia hui ʻana i 1,213 mau wahine ma waena o 9,651 ka nui o ka pōʻai menstrual, me ka pono hana pale i ʻoi aku ma luna o 99.13% a me "nā mea liʻiliʻi loa." I ke koina kiʻekiʻe, ua hōʻike ia i kahi helu anovulation ma kahi o 60% wale nō, a ma kahi o ka hoʻopili ʻana i kāna hopena contraceptive ma o ka hopena anti-implantation i hōʻailona ʻia.
Cymegesolate: ʻO Cymegesolate , i ʻike ʻia ʻo cypionyl megestrol acetate a i ʻole megestrol acetate 3β-cypionate , kahi lāʻau progestin i kūʻai ʻole ʻia. Ua hoʻomohala ʻia ma Kina i ka hopena o nā 1970s a i ke kakahiaka a i waena o 1980s no ka hoʻohana ʻana ma ke ʻano he contraceptive hormonal. Hoʻomumu ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau ma kahi lāʻau o 50-100 mg i hui pū ʻia me ka mahele "trace" o 0.25-0.5 mg quinestrol ma ke ʻano he lōʻihi lōʻihi, hoʻokahi-a-ka-mahina hoʻohui pū pākeke haʻi waha. Ua aʻo ʻia kēia hui ʻana i 1,213 mau wahine ma waena o 9,651 ka nui o ka pōʻai menstrual, me ka pono hana pale i ʻoi aku ma luna o 99.13% a me "nā mea liʻiliʻi loa." I ke koina kiʻekiʻe, ua hōʻike ia i kahi helu anovulation ma kahi o 60% wale nō, a ma kahi o ka hoʻopili ʻana i kāna hopena contraceptive ma o ka hopena anti-implantation i hōʻailona ʻia.
3β-Dihydroprogesterone: ʻO 3β-Dihydroprogesterone ( 3β-DHP ), i ʻike ʻia ʻo 3β-hydroxyprogesterone , a i ʻole ka hāpai-4-en-3β-ol-20-hoʻokahi , kahi steroid endogenous. Hoʻokomo ʻia ia e 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase mai ka progesterone. ʻAʻole like me 3α-dihydroprogesterone (3α-DHP), ʻaʻole hana ʻo 3β-DHP ma ke ʻano he modulator allosteric maikaʻi o ka GABA A receptor , i kūlike me ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o nā metabolite progesterone 3β-hydroxylated e like me isopregnanolone a me epipregnanolone e hana like ʻole. ma ke ʻano he potentiators o kēia mea loaʻa a kāohi iā ia a hoʻohuli hoʻi i nā hopena o nā potentiators e like me allopregnanolone. Ua hōʻike ʻia ʻo 3β-DHP e pili ana i ka ikaika like me ka progesterone i kahi bioassay o ka hana progestogenic, akā ʻaʻole i nānā ʻia ʻo 3α-DHP
3β-Etiocholanediol: ʻO 3β-Etiocholanediol , a i ʻole epietiocholanediol , i ʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he 3β, 5β-androstanediol a i ʻole he etiocholane-3β, 17β-diol , he etiocholane (5β-androstane) steroid a he endite metabolite o testosterone. Hana ʻia ia mai 5β-dihydrotestosteron a hoʻololi ʻia i epietiocholanolone.
Isopregnanolone: ʻO Isopregnanolone , ʻike ʻia ʻo isoallopregnanolone a me epiallopregnanolone , a me sepranolone ( INN ), a me 3β-hydroxy-5α-spenan-20-hoʻokahi a i ʻole 3β, 5α-tetrahydroprogesterone ( 3β, 5α-THP ), he neurosteroid endogenous a me kūlohelohe 3β-epimer o allopregnanolone. Ua Ua ua hoike e hana me ka subunit-e wae hopena maikaʻi allosteric modulator o ka me Gaba A mea loaʻa, a me ka antagonizes i loko o na holoholona a me ka hopena o kekahi akā,ʻaʻole a pau o ka Gaba A mea loaʻa-mediated hopena o ka allopregnanolone, e like me anesthesia, sedation, a ua hoemiia saccadic neʻe o ka maka, akā ʻaʻole aʻo i ka hoʻopilikia. ʻAʻohe o nā hopena hormonal ʻo Isopregnanolone a ʻike ʻia ʻaʻohe ona hopena ma ka GABA A receptor e ia iho; koho ia i nā antagonize allopregnanolone a ʻaʻole pili i nā hopena o nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o GABA A receptor positive allosteric modulators like benzodiazepines or barbiturates.
3β-Dihydroprogesterone: ʻO 3β-Dihydroprogesterone ( 3β-DHP ), i ʻike ʻia ʻo 3β-hydroxyprogesterone , a i ʻole ka hāpai-4-en-3β-ol-20-hoʻokahi , kahi steroid endogenous. Hoʻokomo ʻia ia e 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase mai ka progesterone. ʻAʻole like me 3α-dihydroprogesterone (3α-DHP), ʻaʻole hana ʻo 3β-DHP ma ke ʻano he modulator allosteric maikaʻi o ka GABA A receptor , i kūlike me ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o nā metabolite progesterone 3β-hydroxylated e like me isopregnanolone a me epipregnanolone e hana like ʻole. ma ke ʻano he potentiators o kēia mea loaʻa a kāohi iā ia a hoʻohuli hoʻi i nā hopena o nā potentiators e like me allopregnanolone. Ua hōʻike ʻia ʻo 3β-DHP e pili ana i ka ikaika like me ka progesterone i kahi bioassay o ka hana progestogenic, akā ʻaʻole i nānā ʻia ʻo 3α-DHP
3β-Dihydroprogesterone: ʻO 3β-Dihydroprogesterone ( 3β-DHP ), i ʻike ʻia ʻo 3β-hydroxyprogesterone , a i ʻole ka hāpai-4-en-3β-ol-20-hoʻokahi , kahi steroid endogenous. Hoʻokomo ʻia ia e 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase mai ka progesterone. ʻAʻole like me 3α-dihydroprogesterone (3α-DHP), ʻaʻole hana ʻo 3β-DHP ma ke ʻano he modulator allosteric maikaʻi o ka GABA A receptor , i kūlike me ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o nā metabolite progesterone 3β-hydroxylated e like me isopregnanolone a me epipregnanolone e hana like ʻole. ma ke ʻano he potentiators o kēia mea loaʻa a kāohi iā ia a hoʻohuli hoʻi i nā hopena o nā potentiators e like me allopregnanolone. Ua hōʻike ʻia ʻo 3β-DHP e pili ana i ka ikaika like me ka progesterone i kahi bioassay o ka hana progestogenic, akā ʻaʻole i nānā ʻia ʻo 3α-DHP
3β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase: 3β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase / Δ 5-4 isomerase ( 3β-HSD ) kahi enzyme e catalyze i ka biosynthesis o ka progesterone steroid mai ka hamilenolone, 17α-hydroxyprogesterone mai 17α-hydroxypregnenolone, a me androstenedione mai dehydroepiandrolone (DHEA) i ka adrenal gland. ʻO ia wale nō ka enzyme i ke ala adrenal o ka synthesic corticosteroid ʻaʻole ia he lālā o ka ʻohana cytochrome P450. Aia pū kekahi i loko o nā mea hana steroid i hana ʻia, e like me ka ovary, testis a me placenta. I nā kānaka, aia kekahi mau isozymes 3β-HSD i hoʻopili ʻia e nā ʻāpana HSD3B1 a me HSD3B2.
HSD3B2: He lāhui kanaka ka HSD3B2 i encode no 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase / delta (5) -delta (4) isomerase type II a i ʻole hydroxy-delta-5-steroid dehydrogenase, 3 beta- a me steroid delta-isomerase 2 . Hōʻike nui ʻia ia i nā aʻa steroidoid a he mea nui ia no ka hana steroid steroid. ʻO kahi mea ʻokoʻa ka placenta, kahi o HSD3B1 koʻikoʻi no ka hana progesterone e kēia kiko.
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia ma muli o ka hemahema 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase: ʻO ka hyperplasia adrenal adrenal ma muli o ka hemahema 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase kahi ʻano maʻamau o ka hyperplasia adrenal congenital (CAH) i hopena ʻia mai ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka ʻāpana no kekahi o nā enzyme kī nui i ka synthesic cortisol e ka adrenal gland, 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD ) ʻano II (HSD3B2). A ʻo kahi hopena, ʻike ʻia nā pae kiʻekiʻe o 17α-hydroxypregnenolone i ke koko me ka wana adrenocorticotropic (ACTH), kahi e hoʻoulu ai i ka synthesic corticosteroid synthes.
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia ma muli o ka hemahema 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase: ʻO ka hyperplasia adrenal adrenal ma muli o ka hemahema 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase kahi ʻano maʻamau o ka hyperplasia adrenal congenital (CAH) i hopena ʻia mai ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka ʻāpana no kekahi o nā enzyme kī nui i ka synthesic cortisol e ka adrenal gland, 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD ) ʻano II (HSD3B2). A ʻo kahi hopena, ʻike ʻia nā pae kiʻekiʻe o 17α-hydroxypregnenolone i ke koko me ka wana adrenocorticotropic (ACTH), kahi e hoʻoulu ai i ka synthesic corticosteroid synthes.
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia ma muli o ka hemahema 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase: ʻO ka hyperplasia adrenal adrenal ma muli o ka hemahema 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase kahi ʻano maʻamau o ka hyperplasia adrenal congenital (CAH) i hopena ʻia mai ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka ʻāpana no kekahi o nā enzyme kī nui i ka synthesic cortisol e ka adrenal gland, 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD ) ʻano II (HSD3B2). A ʻo kahi hopena, ʻike ʻia nā pae kiʻekiʻe o 17α-hydroxypregnenolone i ke koko me ka wana adrenocorticotropic (ACTH), kahi e hoʻoulu ai i ka synthesic corticosteroid synthes.
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia ma muli o ka hemahema 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase: ʻO ka hyperplasia adrenal adrenal ma muli o ka hemahema 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase kahi ʻano maʻamau o ka hyperplasia adrenal congenital (CAH) i hopena ʻia mai ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka ʻāpana no kekahi o nā enzyme kī nui i ka synthesic cortisol e ka adrenal gland, 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD ) ʻano II (HSD3B2). A ʻo kahi hopena, ʻike ʻia nā pae kiʻekiʻe o 17α-hydroxypregnenolone i ke koko me ka wana adrenocorticotropic (ACTH), kahi e hoʻoulu ai i ka synthesic corticosteroid synthes.
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia ma muli o ka hemahema 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase: ʻO ka hyperplasia adrenal adrenal ma muli o ka hemahema 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase kahi ʻano maʻamau o ka hyperplasia adrenal congenital (CAH) i hopena ʻia mai ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka ʻāpana no kekahi o nā enzyme kī nui i ka synthesic cortisol e ka adrenal gland, 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD ) ʻano II (HSD3B2). A ʻo kahi hopena, ʻike ʻia nā pae kiʻekiʻe o 17α-hydroxypregnenolone i ke koko me ka wana adrenocorticotropic (ACTH), kahi e hoʻoulu ai i ka synthesic corticosteroid synthes.
3β-Hydroxytibolone: ʻO 3β-Hydroxytibolone kahi estrogenic steroidal estrogen i kūʻai ʻole ʻia. Me ka 3α-hydroxytibolone a me ka -t 4 -tibolone , he metabolite hana nui ia o ka tibolone, a he 3α-hydroxytibolone a me 3β-hydroxytibolone i kuleana ʻia no ka hana estrogenic o tibolone.
3β-Methoxypregnenolone: ʻO 3β-Methoxypregnenolone , a i ʻole ke hāpai wahine 3β-methyl ether , i ʻike ʻia ʻo 3β-methoxypregn-5-en-20-one , kahi steroid neuroactive synthetic a me ka derivative o ka hānau hānau. Hoʻohui pū ʻia me ka protein 2 (MAP2) pili i ka microtubule i kahi ʻano like me ka hānau ʻana a ke hoʻomohala ʻia nei no ka hoʻohana pono pilikino no nā mea e hōʻike ai e like me ka mālama ʻana i ka lolo a me nā ʻeha o ke kuamoʻo a me nā maʻi kaumaha.
HSD3B2: He lāhui kanaka ka HSD3B2 i encode no 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase / delta (5) -delta (4) isomerase type II a i ʻole hydroxy-delta-5-steroid dehydrogenase, 3 beta- a me steroid delta-isomerase 2 . Hōʻike nui ʻia ia i nā aʻa steroidoid a he mea nui ia no ka hana steroid steroid. ʻO kahi mea ʻokoʻa ka placenta, kahi o HSD3B1 koʻikoʻi no ka hana progesterone e kēia kiko.
HSD3B2: He lāhui kanaka ka HSD3B2 i encode no 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase / delta (5) -delta (4) isomerase type II a i ʻole hydroxy-delta-5-steroid dehydrogenase, 3 beta- a me steroid delta-isomerase 2 . Hōʻike nui ʻia ia i nā aʻa steroidoid a he mea nui ia no ka hana steroid steroid. ʻO kahi mea ʻokoʻa ka placenta, kahi o HSD3B1 koʻikoʻi no ka hana progesterone e kēia kiko.
3β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase: 3β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase / Δ 5-4 isomerase ( 3β-HSD ) kahi enzyme e catalyze i ka biosynthesis o ka progesterone steroid mai ka hamilenolone, 17α-hydroxyprogesterone mai 17α-hydroxypregnenolone, a me androstenedione mai dehydroepiandrolone (DHEA) i ka adrenal gland. ʻO ia wale nō ka enzyme i ke ala adrenal o ka synthesic corticosteroid ʻaʻole ia he lālā o ka ʻohana cytochrome P450. Aia pū kekahi i loko o nā mea hana steroid i hana ʻia, e like me ka ovary, testis a me placenta. I nā kānaka, aia kekahi mau isozymes 3β-HSD i hoʻopili ʻia e nā ʻāpana HSD3B1 a me HSD3B2.
3ω-hana: ʻO ke ʻano 3ω a i ʻole 3ω-ʻenehana, kahi hana ana no ka hoʻoholo ʻana i nā conductivities mehana o nā mea nui a me nā papa lahilahi. Hoʻopili ke kaʻina hana i kahi mea hoʻomehana metala i hoʻopili ʻia i ka laʻana i wela ʻia i kēlā me kēia manawa. A laila ana ʻia ka mahana oscillations. Hiki ke hoʻoholo ʻia ka conductivity mehana a me ka diffusivity pumehana o ka laʻana mai ko lākou hilinaʻi pinepine. Ua hoʻopuka mua ʻia ke kaʻina hana e David Cahill lāua ʻo Robert Pohl ma ka puke ʻApelila 1987 o ka Nānā Kino ma kahi pepa i kapa ʻia "Thermal Conductivity of Amorphous Solids ma luna o ka Pā".
ʻO Gloucester Crescent, Camden: ʻO Gloucester Crescent kahi 1840s Victorian noho crescent ma Camden Town ma Lākana mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o 1960s i loaʻa kahi kūlana bohemian ma ke ʻano "ke alanui trendiest ma Lākana" a me "ke alanui maʻalea ʻo Britain" i ka wā i lilo ai ia i home no nā mea kākau Pelekane, nā mea pena kiʻi a me nā noʻonoʻo ʻē aʻe me Jonathan. Miller, Alan Bennett lāua ʻo Alice Thomas Ellis.
3–31 Alanui Northgate, Chester: 3–31 Ke alanui ʻo Northgate he hale kiaka o nā hale kūʻai, nā keʻena a me ka hale lehulehu ma ka ʻaoʻao komohana o ke alanui Northgate, Chester, Cheshire, ʻEnelani. Loaʻa i nā hale āpau i kahi papahele papa honua i hoʻonohonoho ʻia me kahi ala hele i uhi ʻia, i kūkulu ʻia i ka lāʻau i ko lākou mau papa kiʻekiʻe, a ua helu ʻia nā hale, ua helu ʻia ʻo II * a II. ʻO ka ʻāpana o ka pā hale me nā helu he 5-31 ua ʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he Shoemakers 'Row, a ʻo Sadler's Row.
3-5 pale: I ka pâʻani pôpeku ʻAmelika, ʻo ka pale 3-3-5 kahi pale pale i komo i ʻekolu mau laina laina i lalo, ʻekolu mau laina laina, a ʻelima mau pale pale. Hiki ke kapa ʻia ka pale 3-5-5 e like me ka 3-3 stack a me ka Spread Defense . ʻO ia kekahi ʻano o ka pale nickel, kahi manawa generic no kahi hoʻokumu me ʻelima mau pale pale. Hoʻonohonoho nui ʻia ʻo Joe Lee Dunn ka mea hoʻomalu pelekikena ʻo ke koleke veteran ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻohua mua o ka hoʻolālā 3-3-5
3-4 pale: I ka pâʻani Pôpeku 'Amelika, ke pale pale 3-4 he pale pale pale maʻamau e like me' ekolu mau lineman i lalo a ʻehā mau laina laina. Kāhea ʻia ia he "pale kumu" no ka mea ʻo ia ka hoʻonohonoho pale pale paʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia ma "nā kumu lalo". Eia nō naʻe, e hoʻololi koke nā pale i nā pale pale pale ʻē aʻe ke loli nā hanana. ʻOkoʻa, hoʻohana kekahi mau pale i kahi pale 4-3.
3-4 pale: I ka pâʻani Pôpeku 'Amelika, ke pale pale 3-4 he pale pale pale maʻamau e like me' ekolu mau lineman i lalo a ʻehā mau laina laina. Kāhea ʻia ia he "pale kumu" no ka mea ʻo ia ka hoʻonohonoho pale pale paʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia ma "nā kumu lalo". Eia nō naʻe, e hoʻololi koke nā pale i nā pale pale pale ʻē aʻe ke loli nā hanana. ʻOkoʻa, hoʻohana kekahi mau pale i kahi pale 4-3.
Hoʻonohonoho (pâʻani pôpeku): I ka pâʻani pôpeku, wehewehe ka hoʻokumu i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o nā mea pāʻani i kahi kime iā lākou iho ma ka pitch. ʻO ka pâʻani Pôpeku kahi pāʻani loli a wikiwiki hoʻi, a ʻo ke kūlana o kahi mea pāʻani i kahi hoʻokumu ʻaʻole e wehewehe i kā lākou kuleana e like me ka mea, ʻo kahi laʻana, he mea pāʻani kinipōpō, a ʻaʻohe ʻāpana i ka pāʻani kahi e kū pono ai nā mea pāʻani i ka hoʻokumu ʻana. Eia nō naʻe, hoʻonohonoho ke kūlana o kahi mea pāʻani i kahi hoʻokumu i ka nui o ka pale ʻana a i ʻole ke kūʻē ʻana paha o kahi mea pāʻani, a inā paha lākou e pāʻani i kahi ʻaoʻao o ka pitch a i waena paha.
3-6 Wahi a Guilford: ʻO Guilford Place kahi papa ʻelua i helu ʻia ʻo Georian Teres o nā hale ʻehā ma Guilford Place, Ladana WC1, i kūkulu ʻia ma kahi o 1791 a 1793 e J. Tomes a me W. Harrison.
Kahua o Brompton: ʻO Brompton Square kahi māla māla ma ka moku ʻo Brompton ma Ladana, ma ka Royal Borough o Kensington a me Chelsea.
Kuhikuhina (biology mole): ʻO ke alakaʻi , i ka biology moleola a me ka biochemistry, ka hopena hopena hopena o ka hopena hoʻokahi o ka waikawa nukelika. I loko o hoʻokahi pae o DNA a i ʻole RNA, ke kuʻikahi kemika o ka inoa ʻana i nā ʻokoma kalapona i loko o ka nucleotide pentose-sugar-ring ʻo ia hoʻi he 5 end -end, i loaʻa pinepine i kahi hui phosphate i hoʻopili ʻia i ka carbon 5 o ka ribose ke komo lima, a me ka 3 ' end, kahi i hoʻololi ʻole ʻia mai ka hakahaka ribose -OH. I ka DNA pāpālua helix, holo nā pae i nā ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe e ʻae i ka paʻa ʻana o ke kumu ma waena o lākou, kahi mea nui no ka replication a transcription o ka ʻike i hoʻopaʻa ʻia.
ʻEkolu māhele untrl i unuhi ʻia: Ma hakakino aaiaoe?, I ka ekolu Kuhina Nui untranslated māhele 'āina (3'-UTR) o ka māhele o ka elele RNA (mRNA) i koke ia mahope iho o ka unuhi hoopau wale codon. Loaʻa i ka 3'-UTR nā wahi hoʻonohonoho e hoʻohuli i ka manaʻo o ka ʻaoʻao.
ʻEkolu māhele untrl i unuhi ʻia: Ma hakakino aaiaoe?, I ka ekolu Kuhina Nui untranslated māhele 'āina (3'-UTR) o ka māhele o ka elele RNA (mRNA) i koke ia mahope iho o ka unuhi hoopau wale codon. Loaʻa i ka 3'-UTR nā wahi hoʻonohonoho e hoʻohuli i ka manaʻo o ka ʻaoʻao.
Kuhikuhina (biology mole): ʻO ke alakaʻi , i ka biology moleola a me ka biochemistry, ka hopena hopena hopena o ka hopena hoʻokahi o ka waikawa nukelika. I loko o hoʻokahi pae o DNA a i ʻole RNA, ke kuʻikahi kemika o ka inoa ʻana i nā ʻokoma kalapona i loko o ka nucleotide pentose-sugar-ring ʻo ia hoʻi he 5 end -end, i loaʻa pinepine i kahi hui phosphate i hoʻopili ʻia i ka carbon 5 o ka ribose ke komo lima, a me ka 3 ' end, kahi i hoʻololi ʻole ʻia mai ka hakahaka ribose -OH. I ka DNA pāpālua helix, holo nā pae i nā ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe e ʻae i ka paʻa ʻana o ke kumu ma waena o lākou, kahi mea nui no ka replication a transcription o ka ʻike i hoʻopaʻa ʻia.
ʻUlaʻula Chlorophenol: ʻO ka Chlorophenolʻulaʻula kahi mea hōʻike e hoʻololi i ke kala mai ka melemele i ka viole i ka pae pH 4.8 a 6.7. Hoʻoholo ʻia ka pH o kahi mea ma o ka lawe ʻana i ka logarithm maikaʻi ʻole o ka Hydronium ion konsentration a hoʻololi ka indictor i ke kala ma muli o ka hemo ʻana o nā ion + H .. Aia ka lambda max ma 572 nm.
Fustin: ʻO Fustin , i kapa ʻia i kekahi manawa "dihydrofisetin", he flavanonol, kahi ʻano flavonoid. Hiki ke loaʻa iā ia i nā ʻōpio a me nā lāʻau lacquer.
Butin (molekoki): ʻO Butin kahi flavanone, kahi ʻano flavonoid. Hiki ke loaʻa i ka hui i nā hua o Vernonia anthelmintica (Asteraceae) a i ka wahie o Dalbergia odorifera (Fabaceae).
Kuhikuhina (biology mole): ʻO ke alakaʻi , i ka biology moleola a me ka biochemistry, ka hopena hopena hopena o ka hopena hoʻokahi o ka waikawa nukelika. I loko o hoʻokahi pae o DNA a i ʻole RNA, ke kuʻikahi kemika o ka inoa ʻana i nā ʻokoma kalapona i loko o ka nucleotide pentose-sugar-ring ʻo ia hoʻi he 5 end -end, i loaʻa pinepine i kahi hui phosphate i hoʻopili ʻia i ka carbon 5 o ka ribose ke komo lima, a me ka 3 ' end, kahi i hoʻololi ʻole ʻia mai ka hakahaka ribose -OH. I ka DNA pāpālua helix, holo nā pae i nā ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe e ʻae i ka paʻa ʻana o ke kumu ma waena o lākou, kahi mea nui no ka replication a transcription o ka ʻike i hoʻopaʻa ʻia.
NicVAX: ʻO NicVAX kahi lāʻau lapaʻau conjugate hoʻokolohua i manaʻo ʻia e hōʻemi a hōʻoki paha i ka hilinaʻi o ke kino i ka nikotine. Wahi a ka US National Institute of Drug Abuse, hiki i ka NicVAX ke hoʻohana ʻia e pale aku ai i ka hōʻino ʻana i ka nikotine. Ke hoʻomohala ʻia nei kēia lāʻau lapaʻau ponoʻī e Nabi Biopharmaceuticals o Rockville, MD. me ke kākoʻo mai ka US National Institute on Drug Abuse. ʻO NicVAX kahi o ka hapten 3'-aminomethylnicotine i hoʻopili ʻia (pili) iā Pseudomonas aeruginosa exoprotein A.
ʻEkolu māhele untrl i unuhi ʻia: Ma hakakino aaiaoe?, I ka ekolu Kuhina Nui untranslated māhele 'āina (3'-UTR) o ka māhele o ka elele RNA (mRNA) i koke ia mahope iho o ka unuhi hoopau wale codon. Loaʻa i ka 3'-UTR nā wahi hoʻonohonoho e hoʻohuli i ka manaʻo o ka ʻaoʻao.
Kuhikuhina (biology mole): ʻO ke alakaʻi , i ka biology moleola a me ka biochemistry, ka hopena hopena hopena o ka hopena hoʻokahi o ka waikawa nukelika. I loko o hoʻokahi pae o DNA a i ʻole RNA, ke kuʻikahi kemika o ka inoa ʻana i nā ʻokoma kalapona i loko o ka nucleotide pentose-sugar-ring ʻo ia hoʻi he 5 end -end, i loaʻa pinepine i kahi hui phosphate i hoʻopili ʻia i ka carbon 5 o ka ribose ke komo lima, a me ka 3 ' end, kahi i hoʻololi ʻole ʻia mai ka hakahaka ribose -OH. I ka DNA pāpālua helix, holo nā pae i nā ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe e ʻae i ka paʻa ʻana o ke kumu ma waena o lākou, kahi mea nui no ka replication a transcription o ka ʻike i hoʻopaʻa ʻia.
ʻO nā kaula Trefoil: I ke knot theory, kahi lālā o ka makemakika, ʻo ka trefoil knot ke kumu maʻalahi o kahi nontrivial knot. Hiki ke kiʻi i ka trefoil ma o ka hui pū ʻana i nā wēlau ʻelua o kahi knot overhand maʻamau, e hopena ana i kahi loop knotted. Ma ke ʻano he knot maʻalahi loa, he mea nui ka trefoil i ke aʻo ʻana i ke kumumanaʻo o ka makemakika.
Kinpachi-sensei: Kinpachi-sensei he hana keaka kīwī Kepani. ʻO ka inoa Pelekane kūhelu ʻo Mr. Kinpachi i ka Papa 3B . 'Lelo' o Kinpachi-sensei i ka moʻolelo o ke kula kiʻekiʻe 'ekolu makahiki ma Iapana; ʻO Kinpachi Sakamoto kāna kumu, hoʻokani ʻia e Tetsuya Takeda. He nui nā manaʻo pili kaiāulu o ka moʻo e pili ana i nā pilikia e like me ka moekolohe, ka wahine dysphoria, a me ka hāpai keiki psychological, a me ka hoʻomāinoino, hāpai keiki ʻōpio, pepehi kanaka ʻōpio, hikikomori, a me ke kaomi nui e hana maikaʻi i ke kula.
3: Kealakekua 3 ( ʻekolu ) kahi helu, helu a me ka helu. ʻO ia ka helu kūlohelohe e ukali ana i ka 2 a me ka 4 ma mua, a ʻo ia ka helu pelekikena liʻiliʻi loa a ʻo ka mua wale nō i mua o kahi helu huinahā. He hoʻomana a moʻomeheu paha ia i nā kaiāulu he nui.
4: Kealakekua 4 ( ʻehā ) kahi helu, helu a me ka helu. ʻO ia ka helu kūlohelohe ma hope o 3 a ma mua 5. ʻO ia ka helu hui liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, a manaʻo ʻia he laki ʻole i nā moʻomeheu Asia Hikina he nui.
ʻEhā !: ʻEhā! ʻO ia kahi album 1958 na Hampton Hawes, i hoʻokuʻu mua ʻia ma ka lepona Contemporary a hoʻopuka hou ʻia i ka makahiki 1991 e Original Jazz Classics.
4 Segundos: ʻO "4 Segundos" kahi mele i kākau ʻia a hana ʻia e Amaia Montero no kāna album solo solo ʻo Amaia Montero i ka makahiki 2008. Ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia ma ke ʻano he lua o ka album i hoʻokuʻu ʻia ma waena o ka honua ma 2009.
Waʻa: ʻO ka waʻa , he moku haiki māmā ia, kuhikuhi pinepine ʻia i nā wēlau ʻelua a hāmama i luna, kaohi ʻia e hoʻokahi a i ʻole mau mea hoe waʻa e kukuli ana i mua o ke ala o ka huakaʻi a me ka hoe hoʻokahi.
Nā paʻi paʻi kiʻi: Hoʻohana ʻia nā nui paʻi paʻi kiʻi maʻamau i ka paʻi paʻi kiʻi. Kūʻai pinepine ʻia nā pepa ʻoki no ka paʻi ʻana i nā kiʻi i kēia nui.
ʻOluʻolu (palapala hoʻopaʻa): ʻO Consol kahi inoa i hāʻawi ʻia i kekahi mau pilikia ʻaiʻē aupuni ma ke ʻano o nā paʻa mau, hiki ke kūʻai ʻia ma ke koho a ke aupuni. Ua hāʻawi ʻia lākou e ka Bank of England a me ke Aupuni US. Ua hoʻopuka ʻia nā Consol Console Pelekane mua i ka makahiki 1751. Ua kūʻai piha ʻia lākou i kēia manawa. Ua hoʻopuka ʻia nā Consol US Aupuni mua ma nā 1870s.
4% Pantomime: "4% Pantomime" kahi mele i kākau ʻia e Robbie Robertson lāua ʻo Van Morrison. Hoʻokuʻu mua ʻia ia ma ka pahu ʻo Band Cahoots i ka makahiki 1971.
William Bengen: ʻO William P. Bengen kahi kūkā aʻoaʻo kālā i hoʻomaha loa nāna i hōʻike mua i ka 4% no ka unuhi ʻana ma ke ʻano he manamana nui no ka haʻalele ʻana i nā uku mai ka mālama kālā ʻana. ʻike ʻia ia ma ke ʻano he inoa "Bengen rule". Ua hoʻolaha hou ʻia ke kānāwai e ka noiʻi Trinity (1998), ma muli o ka ʻikepili like a me ke ʻano like. Ua kāhea ʻo Bengen i kēia helu i ka helu SAFEMAX , no "ka palena ʻoi loa o ka haʻalele ʻana o ka mōʻaukala" a ua hoʻoponopono hou ʻia i 4.5% inā ʻaʻohe ʻauhau a me 4.1% no ka ʻauhau. I nā kūlana hoʻokele haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa e piʻi paha ka kiʻekiʻe.
ʻO ka 4 Percent Universe: ʻO ka 4 Percent Universe: Dark Matter, Dark Energy, a me ka Heihei e ʻike i ke koena o ka ʻoiaʻiʻo kahi puke nonfiksi na ka mea kākau a polofesa ʻo Richard Panek a paʻi ʻia e Houghton Mifflin Harcourt ma Ianuali 10, 2011.
Hoʻopaʻa inoa pūʻulu: I ka ʻepekema ʻepekema, hoʻopaʻa leo ʻia nā hui i hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia a i ʻole hoʻopaʻa inoa pūʻulu pūʻulu ( GCR ) i kekahi mau ʻano hoʻopā'ālua akā pili e pili ana i ka pāpaho media. ʻO ka mea mua, i hoʻohana ʻia i ka 6250 bpi magnetic tape mai ka 1973, kahi pāʻālua hoʻoponopono hewa i hui pū ʻia me kahi hoʻolālā holo lōʻihi i kaupalena ʻia (RLL), e pili ana i ka hui o nā code modulation. ʻO nā mea ʻē aʻe ʻokoʻa pā hōkū keyframe ʻokoʻa a me nā kiʻina hana hoʻopāpā floppy disk i hoʻohana ʻia i kekahi mau microcomputers a hiki i ka hopena o 1980. He ʻano i hoʻoponopono ʻia ʻo GCR o kahi pāʻālua NRZI, akā pono me kahi kiʻekiʻena hoʻololi kiʻekiʻe.
Hoʻopaʻa inoa pūʻulu: I ka ʻepekema ʻepekema, hoʻopaʻa leo ʻia nā hui i hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia a i ʻole hoʻopaʻa inoa pūʻulu pūʻulu ( GCR ) i kekahi mau ʻano hoʻopā'ālua akā pili e pili ana i ka pāpaho media. ʻO ka mea mua, i hoʻohana ʻia i ka 6250 bpi magnetic tape mai ka 1973, kahi pāʻālua hoʻoponopono hewa i hui pū ʻia me kahi hoʻolālā holo lōʻihi i kaupalena ʻia (RLL), e pili ana i ka hui o nā code modulation. ʻO nā mea ʻē aʻe ʻokoʻa pā hōkū keyframe ʻokoʻa a me nā kiʻina hana hoʻopāpā floppy disk i hoʻohana ʻia i kekahi mau microcomputers a hiki i ka hopena o 1980. He ʻano i hoʻoponopono ʻia ʻo GCR o kahi pāʻālua NRZI, akā pono me kahi kiʻekiʻena hoʻololi kiʻekiʻe.
ʻEwalu kapuaʻi kūwae: Hoʻokani ʻia kahi paipu okana, a i ʻole ke aho harpsichord, i koho ʻia ma ke ʻano he ʻewalu kapuaʻi (8 ') i ke kiʻekiʻe, ka leo maʻamau. ʻO kahi laʻana, ʻo ke A ma luna o C ma nā pitch ʻewalu kapuaʻi e kani ʻia ma 440 Hz.
Rhodoxanthin: ʻO Rhodoxanthin kahi pigment xanthophyll me kahi kala poni i loaʻa i nā mea liʻiliʻi i nā ʻano mea kanu like ʻole me Taxus baccata a me Lonicera morrowii . Loaʻa pū ʻia i ka hulu o kekahi manu. Ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻohui meaʻai e hoʻohana ʻia ia ma lalo o ka helu E E161f ma ke ʻano he meaʻai kala. ʻAʻole ʻae ʻia no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka EU a me US paha; akā ua ʻae ʻia ma Australia a me Nūhōlani.
Naringin: ʻO Naringin kahi flavanone-7- O -glycoside ma waena o ka flavanone naringenin a me ka neohesperidose disaccharide. Kūlohelohe ka flavonoid naringin i nā hua citrus, keu hoʻi i ka huaʻulu, kahi e kuleana ai ka naringin no ka ʻawaʻawa o ka hua. Hiki ke hoʻohana i ka naringinase e wehe i ka ʻawaʻawa i hana ʻia e naringin. I loko o nā kānaka naringin e hoʻopili ʻia i ka aglycone naringenin e naringinase i loaʻa i ka ʻōpū.
Naringin: ʻO Naringin kahi flavanone-7- O -glycoside ma waena o ka flavanone naringenin a me ka neohesperidose disaccharide. Kūlohelohe ka flavonoid naringin i nā hua citrus, keu hoʻi i ka huaʻulu, kahi e kuleana ai ka naringin no ka ʻawaʻawa o ka hua. Hiki ke hoʻohana i ka naringinase e wehe i ka ʻawaʻawa i hana ʻia e naringin. I loko o nā kānaka naringin e hoʻopili ʻia i ka aglycone naringenin e naringinase i loaʻa i ka ʻōpū.
ʻO Genistein: ʻO Genistein (C 15 H 10 O 5 ) kahi hui kūlohelohe e pili ana i kahi papa o nā hui i ʻike ʻia ʻo isoflavones. Hōʻike ʻia ia ma ke ʻano he inhibitor angiogenesis a me kahi phytoestrogen.
Ana Paula: ʻO Tectoridin kahi isoflavone, kahi ʻano flavonoid. ʻO ia ka 7-glucoside o tectorigenin a hiki ke kaʻawale ʻia mai nā pua o Pueraria thunbergiana (Leguminosae).
Pachypodol: ʻO Pachypodol kahi flavonol O-methylated, kahi ʻano o ka hoʻohui kemika. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia mai ka palena ʻo Pachypodanthium , mai nā lau o Agastache rugosa,, Latin denomination o kahi ʻāpana o nā mea kanu: Agastache folium.
Sakuranetin: ʻO Sakuranetin kahi flavan-on, ka 7-methoxy derivative o naringenin, i loaʻa ma Polymnia fruticosa a me ka laiki, kahi e hana ai ma ke ʻano he phytoalexin e kūʻē i ka germine spore o Pyricularia oryzae .
ʻO Genkwanin: ʻO Genkwanin kahi flavoneid O-methylated, kahi ʻano flavonoid. Hiki ke loaʻa i nā ʻanoʻano o Alnus glutinosa , a me nā lau o ka ferns Notholaena bryopoda a me Asplenium normale a me Aquilaria .
ʻO Genkwanin: ʻO Genkwanin kahi flavoneid O-methylated, kahi ʻano flavonoid. Hiki ke loaʻa i nā ʻanoʻano o Alnus glutinosa , a me nā lau o ka ferns Notholaena bryopoda a me Asplenium normale a me Aquilaria .
Prunetin: ʻO Prunetin kahi O-methylated isoflavone, kahi ʻano flavonoid. Ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ia no ka manawa mua e Finnemore ma 1910 i ka ʻā o Prunus emarginata . ʻO Prunetin kaawale mai nā aʻa pea hiki ke hana ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻohihi no Aphanomyces euteiches zoospores. ʻO ia kahi mea kāohi allosteric o ke kanaka aldehyde dehydrogenase.
DAPI: ʻO DAPI , a i ʻole 4 ′, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole , kahi poke fluorescent e hoʻopaʻa paʻa loa i nā wahi momona-admine-thymine i DNA. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ia i ka microscopy fluorescence. Hiki iā DAPI ke hele ma waena o ka membrane paʻa paʻa, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e stain i nā hunaola ʻelua a paʻa paʻa, ʻoiai e hele ma waena o ka membrane ma ka liʻiliʻi o ka lawelawe ʻana i nā hunaola ola a no laila hāʻawi i kahi māka no ka hiki i ka membrane
ʻO Liquiritigenin: ʻO Liquiritigenin kahi flavanone i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia mai Glycyrrhiza uralensis , a loaʻa i nā ʻano mea kanu like ʻole , me Glycyrrhiza glabra (licorice). He pūhui estrogenic ia e hana nei ma ke ʻano he agonist koho o ka subtype ERβ o ka estrogen receptor (ER), ʻoiai ua hōʻike pū ʻia e hana ma ke ʻano he agonist hapa ERα ma nā lawa pono. He hopena choleretic kekahi.
4 ', 7-Dihydroxyflavone: 4 ', 7-Dihydroxyflavone kahi flavone. Loaʻa ia ma Medicago truncatula e pili ana me ke aʻa nodulation simbiont Sinorhizobium meliloti a i ʻole nā ​​hua a Sophora viciifolia .
Ombuin: ʻO Ombuin kahi flavonol O-methylated, kahi ʻano flavonoid. ʻO ia ka 4 ', 7-O-methyl derivative o quercetin.
Ombuin: ʻO Ombuin kahi flavonol O-methylated, kahi ʻano flavonoid. ʻO ia ka 4 ', 7-O-methyl derivative o quercetin.
ʻO Glycitein: ʻO Glycitein kahi O-methylated isoflavone kahi helu no 5-10% o ka huina isoflavones i nā huahana soy huahana. ʻO Glycitein kahi phytoestrogen me ka hana estrogenic nāwaliwali, e like me nā isoflavones soy ʻē aʻe.
4 ', 7-Dihydroxyflavone: 4 ', 7-Dihydroxyflavone kahi flavone. Loaʻa ia ma Medicago truncatula e pili ana me ke aʻa nodulation simbiont Sinorhizobium meliloti a i ʻole nā ​​hua a Sophora viciifolia .
Daidzein: ʻO Daidzein kahi hui kūlohelohe i loaʻa wale i nā soybeans a me nā legume ʻē aʻe a pili pono i kahi papa o nā hui i ʻike ʻia ʻo isoflavones. Hana ʻia ʻo Daidzein a me nā isoflavones ʻē aʻe i nā mea kanu ma o ke ala phenylpropanoid o ka metabolism lua a hoʻohana ʻia e like me nā mea lawe lima, a me nā pane pale i nā hoʻouka pathogenic. I nā kānaka, ua hōʻike ʻia kahi noiʻi hou i ka hiki o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka daidzein i ka lāʻau no ke kōkua ʻana i ka menopausal, ka osteoporosis, ke kō ʻana o ke kō, a me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i kekahi o nā maʻi ʻaʻai pili i ka hormonone, a me nā maʻi puʻuwai.
Kaulike: ʻO Equol (4 ', 7-isoflavandiol) kahi isoflavandiol estrogen metabolised mai daidzein, kahi ʻano isoflavone i loaʻa i nā soybeans a me nā kumuwaiwai ʻē aʻe, e nā flora bacteria i loko o nā ʻōpū. ʻOiai nā homone estrogenous endogenous e like me estradiol he mau steroid, ʻo ka equol kahi estrogen nonsteroidal. Eia nō naʻe, ma kahi o 30-50% o ka poʻe i loaʻa i nā koʻohune ʻōpū e hana i ka equol. Hiki ke noho ka Equol i nā ʻano enantiomeric ʻelua, ( S ) -equol a me ( R ) -equol. ( S ) -E hoʻopili ka makemake ʻo Equol i ka beta receptor beta.
4'-Aminopropiophenone: 4'-Aminopropiophenone kahi hui kemika. He mea ʻawaʻawa nui ia, a hiki ke hōʻeha a make paha i ka pili kino ʻana a i ʻole ka inhalation o ka uahi.
Eutropoflavin: ʻO 4'-Dimethylamino-7,8-dihydroxyflavone kahi flavone syntone a me ka agonist liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi o TrkB, ka mea loaʻa nui o ka neurotrophic factor i loaʻa i ka lolo (BDNF), i loaʻa mai ka hoʻololi o 7,8-dihydroxyflavone. Pili i ka 7,8-DHF, 4'-DMA-7,8-DHF loaʻa iā ia kahi hana agonistic kiʻekiʻe ma TrkB, ʻoi aku ka ikaika ma mua o 7,8-DHF ma vitro a me vivo , a ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka hana. Ua loaʻa ka hui e hana i nā neuroprotective, neurogenic, a me nā hopena antidepressant e like me nā holoholona.
Eutropoflavin: ʻO 4'-Dimethylamino-7,8-dihydroxyflavone kahi flavone syntone a me ka agonist liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi o TrkB, ka mea loaʻa nui o ka neurotrophic factor i loaʻa i ka lolo (BDNF), i loaʻa mai ka hoʻololi o 7,8-dihydroxyflavone. Pili i ka 7,8-DHF, 4'-DMA-7,8-DHF loaʻa iā ia kahi hana agonistic kiʻekiʻe ma TrkB, ʻoi aku ka ikaika ma mua o 7,8-DHF ma vitro a me vivo , a ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka hana. Ua loaʻa ka hui e hana i nā neuroprotective, neurogenic, a me nā hopena antidepressant e like me nā holoholona.
Epirubicin: ʻO Epirubicin kahi lāʻau i hoʻohana ʻia no ka chemotherapy. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia me ka hui pū ʻana me nā lāʻau ʻē aʻe e mālama ai i ka maʻi ʻaʻai o ka umauma i nā mea maʻi i ʻoki ʻia e wehe i ka tumo Kūʻai ʻia e Pfizer ma lalo o ka inoa kālepa ʻo Ellence ma ka US a me Pharmorubicin a i ʻole Epirubicin Ebewe ma kahi ʻē aʻe.
Epirubicin: ʻO Epirubicin kahi lāʻau i hoʻohana ʻia no ka chemotherapy. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia me ka hui pū ʻana me nā lāʻau ʻē aʻe e mālama ai i ka maʻi ʻaʻai o ka umauma i nā mea maʻi i ʻoki ʻia e wehe i ka tumo Kūʻai ʻia e Pfizer ma lalo o ka inoa kālepa ʻo Ellence ma ka US a me Pharmorubicin a i ʻole Epirubicin Ebewe ma kahi ʻē aʻe.
4'-Fluoro-α-pyrrolidinooctanophenone: ʻO 4'-Fluoro-α-pyrrolidinooctanophenone kahi lāʻau stimulant o ka cathinone papa i hōʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he lāʻau hoʻolālā mea hou.
4'-Fluoro-α-pyrrolidinopentiophenone: ʻO 4'-Fluoro-α-pyrrolidinopentiophenone kahi lāʻau hoʻonāukiuki o ka papa cathinone i hōʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he lāʻau hoʻolālā mea hou.
4'-Fluoro-α-pyrrolidinooctanophenone: ʻO 4'-Fluoro-α-pyrrolidinooctanophenone kahi lāʻau stimulant o ka cathinone papa i hōʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he lāʻau hoʻolālā mea hou.
4'-Fluoro-α-pyrrolidinopentiophenone: ʻO 4'-Fluoro-α-pyrrolidinopentiophenone kahi lāʻau hoʻonāukiuki o ka papa cathinone i hōʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he lāʻau hoʻolālā mea hou.
4'-Fluorocannabidiol: ʻO 4'-Fluorocannabidiol kahi mea hiki ke loaʻa i ka cannabidiol i loaʻa i ka mana ʻoi aku ka nui ʻoi aku ka hopohopo, antidepressant, antipsychotic a me nā hana anti-compulsive i nāʻiole i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka hui makua. Ua synthesize mua ʻia ia ma ka makahiki 2016, ma ka ʻaoʻao o 10-fluorocannabidiol diacetate a me 8,9-dihydro-7-fluorocannabidiol, ka mea i hōʻike i ka hana nāwaliwali loa.
4'-Fluorococaine: ʻO 4ʻ-Fluorococaine kahi lāʻau derivative tropane kahi ʻano synthetic o ka cocaine. ʻAʻole like me nā pūhui e pili ana e like me ka 4ft-fluorophenyltropane derivative CFT a me ka 2'-hydroxy analogue salicylmethylecgonine, ʻo 4'-fluorococaine kahi wale nō e pili ana i ka ikaika e like me ka cocaine ma ke ʻano he mea kāohi i ka lawe hou ʻia ʻana o ka dopamine, akā ʻo ka mea ʻāpiki he ʻoi aku ka nui o ka serotonin reuptake mea kāohi ma mua o ka cocaine, e hopena ana i kahi ʻano pharmacological i hoʻololi ʻia i nā noiʻi holoholona.
4'-Hydroxyisoflavone methyltransferase: E kuhikuhi paha ʻo 4'-Hydroxyisoflavone methyltransferase iā: Isoflavone 4'-O-methyltransferase, kahi enzyme Flavonoid 4'-O-methyltransferase, kahi enzyme
4'-Hydroxynorendoxifen: 4'-Hydroxynorendoxifen kahi synthetic, nonsteroidal antiestrogen o ka hui triphenylethylene. ʻO ia kahi modulator receptor estrogen ʻelua koho ʻia (SERM) a me ka mea hōʻoki aromatase (AI), a ua kiʻi ʻia mai tamoxifen, kahi SERM, a me norendoxifen, kahi metabolite o tamoxifen i loaʻa e hana ma ke ʻano he AI. Ua ʻōlelo ʻia ka lāʻau no ka hoʻomohala ʻana ma ke ʻano he lapaʻau no ka receptor estrogen (ER) -ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma maʻi. Ua synthesized ia ma 2015.
Isosakuranetin: ʻO Isosakuranetin , kahi O-methylated flavonoid, ʻo ia ka 4'-methoxy derivative o naringenin, kahi flavanone. ʻO Didymin, kahi disaccharide o isosakuranetin, i laʻa me ka ʻalani ʻalani, ʻalani a me ka mandarin.