Pulmonary artery, Vasa recta (kidney), Ulnar recurrent artery

Pulmonary artery: ʻO ke aʻa pulmonary kahi aʻa i loko o ke kahe o ka pulmonary e lawe i ke koko deoxygenated mai ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ka puʻuwai i nā akemāmā. ʻO ke aʻa nui o ka pulmonary artery ka mea nui a me ka pahu pulmonary mai ka puʻuwai, a ʻo nā mea liʻiliʻi ka arterioles, kahi e alakaʻi ai i nā capillaries e hoʻopuni ana i ka alveoli pulmonary.
Vasa recta (hakuʻala): ʻO ka vasa recta o ka puʻupaʻa, ʻo ia nā arterioles pololei , a me nā venula pololei o ka puʻupaʻa, - kahi moʻo o nā kīʻaha koko i loko o ke kahe o ke kōkō e komo i ka medulla e like me nā arterioles pololei, a waiho i ka medulla e piʻi i ka cortex ma ke ʻano he venula pololei .. moe like lākou i ka loop o Henle.
ʻO ke alaloa hou o Ulnar: Hiki ke kuhikuhi i ke aʻa kūlohelohe ʻo Ulnar i: ʻO ke aniani ulana mua ʻO ka artery recurrent artery hou
Hoʻohuli kuni: Hāʻawi ke kaola hōʻiliʻili i ke koko i nā puʻupaʻa ma o nā aʻa puʻuwai, hema a me ka ʻākau, kahi lālā pololei mai ka aorta ʻōpū. ʻOiai ka liʻiliʻi o kā lākou nui, loaʻa nā puʻupaʻa ma kahi o 20% o ka hopena o ka puʻuwai.
ʻO ke aʻa kapu: E kuhikuhi paha ke aʻa kapu iā: ʻAlalā ʻaoʻao kapu ʻO ke aʻa kapu kahuna
ʻO nā ʻaoʻao aʻa kapu. ʻO nā aʻa ʻaoʻao kūpili kahi aʻa i loko o ka pelvis e kū aʻe mai ka mahele hope o ka aʻa ʻiliac kūloko. Māhele ʻia ia ma hope i ʻelua mau lālā liʻiliʻi, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe a me kahi haʻahaʻa.
Nā aʻa Sigmoid: ʻO nā aʻa sigmoid , ʻelua a ʻekolu paha i ka helu, holo obliquely i lalo a i ka hema ma hope o ka peritoneum a i mua o ka psoas nui, ureter, a me nā moku spermatic o loko. No lākou mai ka lālā o ke aʻa mesenteric haʻahaʻa o ka aorta ʻōpū.
ʻO ke aʻa Suprarenal: E nānā paha ke aʻa Suprarenal i: ʻO ke aʻa suprarenal haʻahaʻa Nā aʻa o suprarenal waena ʻO ke aʻa suprarenal kiʻekiʻe
Inferior suprarenal artery: ʻO nā aʻa o lalo suprarenal e hoʻomaka ma ke kumu o ke aʻa o ke kīkī ma mua o ka mahele o ka pahu, a hāʻawi pinepine i nā diamita ʻokoʻa e kūlike ana i ka loli makahiki. Hoʻopili nā aʻa suprarenal i ka parenchyma gland suprarenal, ka ureter, a me nā aʻa a me nā mākala e pili ana.
Nā aʻa o suprarenal waena: ʻO nā aʻa waena suprarenal ʻelua mau moku liʻiliʻi e kū aʻe, hoʻokahi mai kēlā ʻaoʻao a me kēia ʻaoʻao o ka aorta ʻōpū, i kū aʻe i ke aʻa mesenteric kiʻekiʻe.
ʻO ke aʻa suprarenal kiʻekiʻe: ʻO kēlā me kēia ʻāpana suprarenal kiʻekiʻe he lālā ia o ke aʻa phrenic haʻahaʻa ma kēlā ʻaoʻao o ke kino. Hāʻawi nā aʻa phrenic hema a me ka ʻākau i ka diaphragm, a hele mai ka aorta.
Nā aʻa Sural: ʻO nā aʻa sural nā lālā nui ʻelua, nā ʻaoʻao a me ka medial, i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i nā gastrocnemius, soleus, a me nāʻiʻo plantaris. Pili ke ʻano Sural i ka bipi keiki. Pili ka huaʻōlelo i kekahi o nā aʻa ʻehā a ʻelima paha e puka mai ana mai nā aʻa popliteal, me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā mākala a me ka integument o ka bipi keiki, a me nā anastomoses i ka tibial posterial, medial and lateral inferior genicular arteries.
ʻO ke aa Tarsal: E kuhikuhi paha ke aʻa o Tarsal i: ʻĀʻau kik Tarsal Nā aʻa kalaiwa medial
Nā aʻa kalaiwa medial: Ke medial tarsal arteries mea elua a ekolu liʻiliʻi lala i ramify ma ka medial palena o ka wāwae, a hui i ka medial malleolar i ulanaʻia.
Nā aʻa waena waena: ʻO nā aʻa waena anterolateral kahi hui o nā aʻa liʻiliʻi e kū mai ana mai ka ʻaoʻao mua o ka pōʻai o Willis a hoʻolako i ka ganglia basal. Kū lākou i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke aʻa cerebral waena a hoʻonohonoho ʻia i ʻelua mau set: Kūloko striate: hele i luna i nā ʻāpana o loko o ka lentiform nucleus a hoʻolako i ka lentiform nucleus, caudate nucleus, a me loko capsule; ʻO ka striate kūwaho: piʻi i luna i ka ʻāpana waho o ka lentiform nucleus a hoʻolako i ka nucleus caudate.
ʻO nā aʻa kūloko kūloko: I ke anatomy kanaka, ʻo ka ʻaoʻao o ka umauma kūloko ( ITA ), kahi i ʻike pinepine ʻia ma ke ʻano he mammary artery , kahi ʻaʻa e hoʻolako i ka paia o ka umauma mua a me nā umauma. He aʻa paʻa ia, me hoʻokahi e holo ana ma kēlā me kēia ʻaoʻao o ka sternum, e hoʻomau ma hope o kāna bifurcation ma ke ʻano he epigastric kiʻekiʻe a me nā aʻa musculophrenic kiʻekiʻe.
ʻO ke aniani vertebral: ʻO nā aʻa vertebral nā aʻa nui o ka ʻāʻī. ʻO ka maʻamau, hoʻomaka nā aʻa vertebral mai nā aʻa subclavian. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o kēlā me kēia moku i kēlā me kēia ʻaoʻao o ka ʻāʻī, e hui ana i loko o ka iwi poʻo e hana i ke aʻa waena basilar hoʻokahi. Ma ke ʻano he lako o ka ʻōnaehana v vertrobrobasilar , hāʻawi nā aʻa vertebral i ke koko i ka iwi kuamoʻo o luna, ka lolo, ka cerebellum, a me ka hope o ka lolo.
Nā aʻa Vesical: Hiki ke hoʻololi i nā aʻa Vesical i ka helu. Hāʻawi lākou i ka bladder a me ka ureter maʻi. ʻO nā mea kaulana ʻelua ka ʻoihana kiʻekiʻe o ka vesical artery a me ka inferior vesical artery. ʻO ke aʻa vesical kiʻekiʻe i hele mai ma waho o ke aʻa ʻiliac kūloko a i kekahi manawa ka ʻaʻa umbilical. Hiki mai ke aʻa o lalo i lalo o ke aʻa ʻiliac kūloko. ʻO ke aʻa koko haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa wale nō i nā kāne.
ʻO ke artery vesical kiʻekiʻe: Hāʻawi ke kīʻaha vesical kiʻekiʻe i nā lālā he nui i ka ʻaoʻao kiʻekiʻe o ka bladder. Hāʻawi pinepine kēia aʻa i nā lālā i nā vas deferens a hiki ke hāʻawi i ka holo o ka collateral liʻiliʻi no nā testicle.
Nā aʻa volar: E kuhi paha nā aʻa Volar i: Nā aʻa kikohoʻe volar maʻamau ʻO ka lālā volar hohonu o ka arra ulnar Nā aʻa kikohoʻe volar kūpono ʻO ka lālā volar superficial o ke aʻa radial ʻO ke aʻa Radial o ka manamana lima, ʻike ʻia ʻo arteria volaris nunjukkeun radialis Volar carpal branch o ulnar artery ʻĀpana puʻupuʻu volar interosseous ʻO nā aʻa Volar metacarpal
ʻAukā: ʻO ke aʻa kahi kīʻaha koko e lawe i ke koko mai ka puʻuwai i hoʻokahi a i ʻole nā ​​ʻāpana o ke kino. Hāpai ka hapa nui o nā aʻa i ke koko oxygenated; ʻo nā mea ʻokoʻa ʻelua ka pulmonary a me nā ʻumeke umbilical, e hāpai i ke koko deoxygenated i nā ʻokena e oxygenate iā ia. ʻO ka nui o ke koko arterial ka wai extracellular e hoʻopiha i ka ʻōnaehana arterial.
Alanui Arterial: ʻO kahi ala arterial a i ʻole ke alahele arterial kahi ala kiʻekiʻe ma ke kūlanakauhale e noho ana ma lalo o nā alaloa / nā alanui ākea ma ke ala hierarchy e pili ana i ke kahe o ke kaʻa a me ka wikiwiki. ʻO ka hana mua o ke ala arterial ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā kaʻa mai nā ala ʻohiʻohi i nā alaloa a i nā alaloa, a ma waena o nā kikowaena o ke kaona i ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka lawelawe hiki. E like me ia, nui nā aʻa i hiki i nā ala komo palena, a i ʻole nā ​​palena hiʻohiʻona i ke komo pilikino ʻana. Ma muli o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hiki ʻana iā lākou, nui nā ala nui e kū nei i ka nui o ka hoʻohana ʻāina a me ka hoʻomohala kūlanakauhale, e hoʻolilo ana iā lākou i nā kūlanakauhale nui.
Alanui Arterial: ʻO kahi ala arterial a i ʻole ke alahele arterial kahi ala kiʻekiʻe ma ke kūlanakauhale e noho ana ma lalo o nā alaloa / nā alanui ākea ma ke ala hierarchy e pili ana i ke kahe o ke kaʻa a me ka wikiwiki. ʻO ka hana mua o ke ala arterial ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā kaʻa mai nā ala ʻohiʻohi i nā alaloa a i nā alaloa, a ma waena o nā kikowaena o ke kaona i ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka lawelawe hiki. E like me ia, nui nā aʻa i hiki i nā ala komo palena, a i ʻole nā ​​palena hiʻohiʻona i ke komo pilikino ʻana. Ma muli o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hiki ʻana iā lākou, nui nā ala nui e kū nei i ka nui o ka hoʻohana ʻāina a me ka hoʻomohala kūlanakauhale, e hoʻolilo ana iā lākou i nā kūlanakauhale nui.
Hōʻike kinoea koko Arterial: Kuhi kahi aniani koko ʻokoʻa ( ABG ) i nā ana o nā kinoea arterial, e like me oxygen a me carbon dioxide. Pono kahi hoʻokolohua ABG e huki i kahi liʻiliʻi o ke koko mai ke aʻa radial me kahi syringe a me kahi nila niniʻi, akā i kekahi manawa e hoʻohana ʻia ke aʻa wahine i ke aʻa a i ʻole kahi pūnaewele ʻē aʻe. Hiki ke huki ʻia ke koko mai kahi catheter arterial.
Nā Helu Lucent: ʻO Numera Lucent he 6 laina EP e ka mea hoʻokani pila uila Pelekane ʻo Squarepusher, i hoʻokuʻu ʻia ma 19 Ianuali 2009.
Air embolism: ʻO kahi embolism ea , i ʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he embolism gas , kahi paʻa o ke kīʻaha koko i hoʻokumu ʻia e hoʻokahi a ʻoi paha mau huʻa o ka lewa a i ʻole nā ​​gas i loko o ka ʻōnaehana kahe. Hiki ke hoʻokomo i ka ea i loko o ke kaapuni i ke kaʻina hana. Hiki paha i nā embolism air i loko o ka xylem o nā mea kanu vascular, keu hoʻi ke ʻeha nei i ka pilikia o ka wai.
ʻLelo mua: ʻO kahi ʻōlelo mua , ka ʻōlelo ʻōiwi, ka ʻōlelo ʻōiwi , a i ʻole ka ʻōlelo makuahine / makua / makua , kahi ʻōlelo i hōʻike ʻia i ke kanaka mai ka wā hānau a i ʻole i loko o ka wā pilikia. I kekahi mau ʻāina, pili ka ʻōlelo ʻōiwi a i ʻole ka ʻōlelo makuahine i ka ʻōlelo o ka lāhui ma mua o ka ʻōlelo mua a kekahi.
Alanui Arterial: ʻO kahi ala arterial a i ʻole ke alahele arterial kahi ala kiʻekiʻe ma ke kūlanakauhale e noho ana ma lalo o nā alaloa / nā alanui ākea ma ke ala hierarchy e pili ana i ke kahe o ke kaʻa a me ka wikiwiki. ʻO ka hana mua o ke ala arterial ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā kaʻa mai nā ala ʻohiʻohi i nā alaloa a i nā alaloa, a ma waena o nā kikowaena o ke kaona i ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka lawelawe hiki. E like me ia, nui nā aʻa i hiki i nā ala komo palena, a i ʻole nā ​​palena hiʻohiʻona i ke komo pilikino ʻana. Ma muli o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hiki ʻana iā lākou, nui nā ala nui e kū nei i ka nui o ka hoʻohana ʻāina a me ka hoʻomohala kūlanakauhale, e hoʻolilo ana iā lākou i nā kūlanakauhale nui.
ʻO ka lepili hulina Arterial: ʻO ka lepili wili ʻana o Arterial (ASL), i ʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he wili lepe arterial , he ʻano kiʻi kiʻi magnetic i hoʻohana ʻia e helu i ka perfusion koko cerebral e ka lepili ʻana i ka wai o ke koko e kahe ana i loko o ka lolo. ʻO ASL kikoʻī e pili ana i ka lepili ʻana o ke koko arterial ma lalo o ka papa kiʻi, me ka ʻole o ka gadolinium ʻokoʻa, ʻo ia ka mua o kāna ʻano e pili ana i ke kiʻi perfusion. Hiki i kekahi o nā hoʻolālā ASL, ʻo ka maʻalahi ʻo ke kahe ʻana i ka hoʻohuli hoʻohuli huli hou (FAIR) e koi ai i ʻelua mau loaʻa o nā palena like me ka ʻokoʻa o ka saturation o waho. ʻo ka ʻokoʻa o nā kiʻi ʻelua ma ke ʻano he theoretically wale nō mai ka ninini ʻana i nā milo, a manaʻo ʻia ʻia he 'map perfusion'.
Arterial Spray & Bipi Mutilations: ʻO Arterial Spray & Cattle Mutilations ka ʻehā a me ka hope studio studio na Alien Faktor, i hoʻokuʻu ʻia ma 4 Nowemapa 1997 na Decibel.
Kaha koko: ʻO ke kahe o ke koko ka hopena ke haki ke kīʻaha koko, kahi kīʻaha koko i kahi kanaka ola. Hoʻopili ke koko i ke kahe o ke koko i kahi wikiwiki, intermittent rate i ka ʻehu a jet paha, e hui pū ana me ka lāʻau, ma mua o ka lohi, akā ke kahe mau o ke kahe koko. ʻIke pū ʻia me ke kahe ʻana o ka arterial , spurting arterial , a i ʻole ke kahe ʻana o ke ākea , hiki ke nui ka nui o ke kahe o ke koko, hikiwawe loa, a hiki i ka make.
Kaapuni o Willis: ʻO ka pōʻai o Willis kahi anastomosis puni e hāʻawi i ke koko i ka lolo a me nā hale e pili ana i nā mea kolo, nā manu a me nā mea hānai manu, me nā kānaka. Ua kapa ʻia kona inoa ma hope o Thomas Willis (1621–1675), he kauka Pelekane.
ʻO Thoracic outlet syndrome: ʻO kahi Thoracic outlet syndrome ( TOS ) kahi kūlana kahi i kaomi ʻia o nā ʻalolo, nā aʻa, a i ʻole nā ​​uaua i ke ala hele mai ka ʻāʻī o lalo i ka ʻāpana lima. ʻEkolu ʻano nui: neurogenic, venous, a me arterial. ʻO ka neurogenike ka mea maʻamau a hōʻike me ka ʻeha, nāwaliwali, a i kekahi manawa ka nalo ʻana o nā mākala ma ke kumu o ka manamana nui. ʻO ka hopena o ka venous ka hopena o ka pehu, ʻeha, a me ka waihoʻoluʻu bluish o ka lima. ʻO ke ʻano arterial ka hopena o ka ʻeha, ke anuanu, a me ka pale o ka lima.
Aneurysm: ʻO kahi aneurysm kahi ʻōhū o waho, i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i kahi huʻa a i ʻole balloon, i hoʻokumu ʻia e kahi wahi, wahi ʻole, nāwaliwali ma ka paia o ke kīʻaha koko. He hopena paha nā aneurysms o ke ʻano hoʻoilina a i ʻole kahi maʻi i loaʻa. Hiki i nā aneurysms ke lilo i nidus no ka hoʻokumu ʻōpala (thrombosis) a me ka embolization. No Greek ka huaʻōlelo: ἀνεύρυσμα, aneurysma , "dilation", mai ἀνευρύνειν, aneurynein , "to dilate". Ke piʻi nei ka aneurysm i ka nui, piʻi ka makaʻu o ka haki, kahi e alakaʻi ai i ke kahe ʻole ʻole o ke kahe. ʻOiai kū lākou i loko o nā kīʻaha koko, ʻo nā hiʻohiʻona lethal pū kekahi me nā aneurysms o ka Circle o Willis i ka lolo, nā aneurysms aortic e pili ana i ka aorta thoracic, a me nā aneurysms aortic aortic. Hiki i nā aneurysms ke ala aʻe i ka puʻuwai ponoʻī ma hope o ka puʻuwai puʻuwai, e like me nā aneurysms ventricular a me atrial septal. Aia nā aneurysms septial atrial septal, kahi kīnā o ka puʻuwai laha ʻole.
Nā arcades Arterial: ʻO nā arcades arterial kahi ʻano o nā arterial arches arches i waena o nā lālā arterial o ka jejunum a me ka ileum.
Kaheʻana o ke koko: ʻO ke kahe ʻana , ka mea i ʻike ʻia he hemorrhage , haemorrhage , a i ʻole ka nalowale ʻana o ke koko , ke kahe o ke koko mai ka ʻōnaehana kahe mai nā kīʻaha koko i hōʻino ʻia. Hiki i loko o ke kahe ke kūloko, a i waho paha ma o ka puka kūlohelohe e like me ka waha, ihu, pepeiao, urethra, ʻona a anus, a ma o kahi ʻeha i ka ʻili. kapa ʻia ke koko he exsanguination. ʻO ka maʻamau, hiki i kahi kanaka olakino ke hoʻomanawanui i ka nalo ʻana o 10-15% o ka nui o ke koko me ka ʻole o nā pilikia olakino koʻikoʻi. ʻO ke kū ʻana a i ʻole ka kaohi ʻana o ke kahe ʻana i kapa ʻia he hestasis a he ʻāpana nui ia o ke kōkua mua a me ke kaha ʻana. I kēia mau lā he nui nā lāʻau lapaʻau e hoʻohana i kahi mana olakino o "super glue" ma kahi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kuʻuna kuʻuna i hoʻohana ʻia no nā ʻeha liʻiliʻi e pono ai ke pani ma ka pae o ka ʻili.
ʻO ke koko Arterial: ʻO ke koko Arterial ke koko oxygenated i loko o ka ʻōnaehana kahe i loaʻa i ke aa pulmonary, nā keʻena hema o ka puʻuwai, a me nā aʻa. ʻUlaʻula ʻulaʻula i loko o ke kala, ʻoiai ʻulaʻula ʻeleʻele ke koko venous i ke kala. ʻO ia ka manawa contralateral i ke koko venous .
Thrombosis: ʻO Thrombosis ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o ke koko i loko o kahi kīʻaha koko, keakea i ke kahe o ke koko ma o ka ʻōnaehana puni. Ke hōʻeha ʻia kahi kīʻaha koko, hoʻohana ke kino i nā platelet (thrombocytes) a me ka fibrin e hana i kahi kōkuʻu koko e pale aku ai i ke kahe o ke koko. ʻOiai ʻaʻole ʻeha kahi kīʻaha koko, hiki ke hana i nā kahe koko i ke kino ma lalo o kekahi mau ʻano. ʻO kahi ʻōpala, a i ʻole kahi ʻāpana o ka ʻōpala, haki manuahi a hoʻomaka e hele a puni ke kino i ʻike ʻia he embolus.
Hōʻike kinoea koko Arterial: Kuhi kahi aniani koko ʻokoʻa ( ABG ) i nā ana o nā kinoea arterial, e like me oxygen a me carbon dioxide. Pono kahi hoʻokolohua ABG e huki i kahi liʻiliʻi o ke koko mai ke aʻa radial me kahi syringe a me kahi nila niniʻi, akā i kekahi manawa e hoʻohana ʻia ke aʻa wahine i ke aʻa a i ʻole kahi pūnaewele ʻē aʻe. Hiki ke huki ʻia ke koko mai kahi catheter arterial.
Hōʻike kinoea koko Arterial: Kuhi kahi aniani koko ʻokoʻa ( ABG ) i nā ana o nā kinoea arterial, e like me oxygen a me carbon dioxide. Pono kahi hoʻokolohua ABG e huki i kahi liʻiliʻi o ke koko mai ke aʻa radial me kahi syringe a me kahi nila niniʻi, akā i kekahi manawa e hoʻohana ʻia ke aʻa wahine i ke aʻa a i ʻole kahi pūnaewele ʻē aʻe. Hiki ke huki ʻia ke koko mai kahi catheter arterial.
Hōʻike kinoea koko Arterial: Kuhi kahi aniani koko ʻokoʻa ( ABG ) i nā ana o nā kinoea arterial, e like me oxygen a me carbon dioxide. Pono kahi hoʻokolohua ABG e huki i kahi liʻiliʻi o ke koko mai ke aʻa radial me kahi syringe a me kahi nila niniʻi, akā i kekahi manawa e hoʻohana ʻia ke aʻa wahine i ke aʻa a i ʻole kahi pūnaewele ʻē aʻe. Hiki ke huki ʻia ke koko mai kahi catheter arterial.
Hōʻike kinoea koko Arterial: Kuhi kahi aniani koko ʻokoʻa ( ABG ) i nā ana o nā kinoea arterial, e like me oxygen a me carbon dioxide. Pono kahi hoʻokolohua ABG e huki i kahi liʻiliʻi o ke koko mai ke aʻa radial me kahi syringe a me kahi nila niniʻi, akā i kekahi manawa e hoʻohana ʻia ke aʻa wahine i ke aʻa a i ʻole kahi pūnaewele ʻē aʻe. Hiki ke huki ʻia ke koko mai kahi catheter arterial.
Hōʻike kinoea koko Arterial: Kuhi kahi aniani koko ʻokoʻa ( ABG ) i nā ana o nā kinoea arterial, e like me oxygen a me carbon dioxide. Pono kahi hoʻokolohua ABG e huki i kahi liʻiliʻi o ke koko mai ke aʻa radial me kahi syringe a me kahi nila niniʻi, akā i kekahi manawa e hoʻohana ʻia ke aʻa wahine i ke aʻa a i ʻole kahi pūnaewele ʻē aʻe. Hiki ke huki ʻia ke koko mai kahi catheter arterial.
Hōʻike kinoea koko Arterial: Kuhi kahi aniani koko ʻokoʻa ( ABG ) i nā ana o nā kinoea arterial, e like me oxygen a me carbon dioxide. Pono kahi hoʻokolohua ABG e huki i kahi liʻiliʻi o ke koko mai ke aʻa radial me kahi syringe a me kahi nila niniʻi, akā i kekahi manawa e hoʻohana ʻia ke aʻa wahine i ke aʻa a i ʻole kahi pūnaewele ʻē aʻe. Hiki ke huki ʻia ke koko mai kahi catheter arterial.
Puʻe koko: ʻO ke kaomi koko ( BP ) ke kaomi o ke kahe o ke koko e kūʻē i nā paia o nā kīʻaha koko. ʻO ka hapanui o kēia kaomi ka hopena o ka puʻuwai e pīpī nei i ke koko ma o ka ʻōnaehana puni. Ke hoʻohana ʻia me ke kūpono ʻole, pili ka huaʻōlelo "kaomi koko" i ke kaomi i nā aʻa nui. Hōʻike pinepine ʻia ke kaomi koko e pili ana i ke kaomi systolic ma luna o ke kaomi diastolic i ka pōʻai cardiac. Ana ʻia ia i nā milimita o ka mercury (mmHg) ma luna aʻe o ke kaomi honua e pili ana.
Laʻana (lāʻau lapaʻau): I ka lapaau, mea hōʻikeʻikeʻuʻuku ua hoiliili o ka mea, mai ke kino, e kokua i ke kaʻina hana o ka 'inikuaʻike, a me / ai ka loiloi' ana o ka PAaIEN no ka lapaʻau, hou 'inikua ho'āʻo' ole 'ē aʻe kaʻina hana. I kēia ʻano, ʻo ka laʻana ka mea i hōʻuluʻulu ʻia, a ʻo ka mea hana sampling a mea sampling paha ke kanaka a i ʻole mea e hōʻiliʻili i ka hāpana.
Laʻana (lāʻau lapaʻau): I ka lapaau, mea hōʻikeʻikeʻuʻuku ua hoiliili o ka mea, mai ke kino, e kokua i ke kaʻina hana o ka 'inikuaʻike, a me / ai ka loiloi' ana o ka PAaIEN no ka lapaʻau, hou 'inikua ho'āʻo' ole 'ē aʻe kaʻina hana. I kēia ʻano, ʻo ka laʻana ka mea i hōʻuluʻulu ʻia, a ʻo ka mea hana sampling a mea sampling paha ke kanaka a i ʻole mea e hōʻiliʻili i ka hāpana.
Lāʻau lāʻau: I ka anatomy, hoʻohana ʻia ka lāʻau arterial e kuhikuhi i nā aʻa āpau a me / a i ʻole ka lālā lālā o nā aʻa. Pili kēia ʻatikala i ka lāʻau arterial kanaka. Ke hoʻomaka nei mai ke aorta:
Bruit: ʻO Bruit , i kapa ʻia hoʻi ka namunamu vascular , ʻo ia ke kani maʻamau i hana ʻia e ka kahe o ke koko i loko o ke aʻa ma muli o kahi ʻāpana o ka ālai hapa a i ʻole kahi kiʻekiʻe o ke kahe o ke kahe o ke kahe ma o kahi ʻāpana paʻa ʻole.
ʻOki kino Bypass: ʻO ke kīʻaha Bypass e pili ana i kahi papa o nā hana e pili ana i ka rerouting i kahi ʻaoʻao o ka tubular.
Ka helu helu helu ma muli o ka nele o CD73: ʻO ka helu helu ʻana o Arterial ma muli o ka hemahema o CD73 a i ʻole ka helu ʻana o nā ami a me nā aʻa he maʻi maʻi ʻōiwi maʻamau ia e pili ana i nā mākua.
Ka helu helu maʻamau o ka pēpē: ʻO ka helu helu laulā o ka pēpē ( GACI ) kahi maʻi ʻano ʻē loa. Hoʻokumu ʻia ia e nā hoʻololi ʻana i ka gen ENPP1 ma 75% o nā kumuhana a i ʻole nā ​​hoʻololi ʻana i nā genes ABCC6 ma 10% o nā mea maʻi. Eia nō naʻe, i kekahi manawa ʻaʻohe mea i loli i ka GACI i ka gen ENPP1 a i ʻole ABCC6 a i kēlā mau hihia ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia ke kumu o ka maʻi.
Laina Arterial: ʻO kahi laina arterial kahi catheter lahilahi i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o kahi aʻa.
Laina Arterial: ʻO kahi laina arterial kahi catheter lahilahi i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o kahi aʻa.
Laina Arterial: ʻO kahi laina arterial kahi catheter lahilahi i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o kahi aʻa.
Kaapuni o Willis: ʻO ka pōʻai o Willis kahi anastomosis puni e hāʻawi i ke koko i ka lolo a me nā hale e pili ana i nā mea kolo, nā manu a me nā mea hānai manu, me nā kānaka. Ua kapa ʻia kona inoa ma hope o Thomas Willis (1621–1675), he kauka Pelekane.
Kaapuni o Willis: ʻO ka pōʻai o Willis kahi anastomosis puni e hāʻawi i ke koko i ka lolo a me nā hale e pili ana i nā mea kolo, nā manu a me nā mea hānai manu, me nā kānaka. Ua kapa ʻia kona inoa ma hope o Thomas Willis (1621–1675), he kauka Pelekane.
Annulus o Zinn: ʻO ka annulus o Zinn , i ʻike ʻia hoʻi me ka tendular annular a i ʻole ke apo tendinous maʻamau , he apo o nā kiko fibrous e hoʻopuni ana i ke aʻalolo optic ma kona puka i ka piko o ka orbit. ʻO ia ke kumu maʻamau o nā mākala ʻehā o ka hui o nā mākala extraocular.
Annulus o Zinn: ʻO ka annulus o Zinn , i ʻike ʻia hoʻi me ka tendular annular a i ʻole ke apo tendinous maʻamau , he apo o nā kiko fibrous e hoʻopuni ana i ke aʻalolo optic ma kona puka i ka piko o ka orbit. ʻO ia ke kumu maʻamau o nā mākala ʻehā o ka hui o nā mākala extraocular.
Hoʻoikaika (physiology): ʻO ka hoʻokō ʻana ka hiki o kahi aʻa hakahaka (moku) e hoʻoliʻiliʻi a hoʻonui i ka leo me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ke kaomi transmural a i ʻole ke ʻano o kahi mea hollow e pale aku i ka recoil i kāna mau kumu kumu ma ka noi ʻana i kahi mana distending a compressing paha. ʻO ia ka pānaʻi like o "elastance", no laila ke elastance kahi ana o ka maʻa o ke kolo hakahaka e hoʻi hou ai i kāna mau ana kumu ma ka hemo ʻana o kahi mana distending a compressing paha.
ʻO ka maʻi artery: ʻO ka maʻi o ke aʻa kahi mea ʻikiʻī a paʻa paha o nā aʻa e kuhikuhi i kēia mau mea: ʻO ka maʻi o ke aʻa coronary e pili ana i nā aʻa coronary i pili a i ʻole pili i ka puʻuwai. ʻO ka Carenid artery stenosis kahi mea e hoʻopili ana i ke aʻa carotid i ka ʻāʻī a hāʻawi i ke koko i ka lolo. ʻO ka maʻi o ke aʻa peripheral, i kapa pinepine ʻia ʻo ka maʻi vipher peripheral, kahi ākea o nā aʻa ʻē aʻe ma mua o nā mea e hāʻawi i ka puʻuwai a i ʻole ka lolo.
Hoʻokaʻawale (lapaʻau): ʻO ka dissection kahi waimaka i loko o ka paia o kahi kīʻaha koko, e ʻae ai i ke koko e hoʻokaʻawale i nā paia o ka paia. ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻo ka dissection kahi dissection paia arterial, akā liʻiliʻi ʻaʻole ia he dissection wall vein (VWD).
Embalming: ʻO ka Embalming ka hana a me ka ʻepekema o ka mālama ʻana i nā koena o ke kanaka ma ka mālama ʻana iā lākou i ka decomposition o nā ululāʻau. ʻO kēia ka mea maʻamau e kūpono i ka mea i make no ka nānā ʻana i ka lehulehu a i ʻole kahi ʻaoʻao pilikino ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana o ka hana hoʻolewa a mālama iā lākou no nā hana lapaʻau i kahi keʻena hoʻokolohua anatomical. ʻO nā pahuhopu ʻekolu o ka embalming ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe, hōʻike ʻana, a me ka mālama ʻana, me ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i kumu nui i kekahi mau hanana. Hana maikaʻi ʻia, hiki i ka embalming ke kōkua i ka mālama ʻana i ke kino no kekahi mau makahiki. He lōʻihi loa a me ka moʻomeheu kea ʻo Embalming, me nā moʻomeheu he nui e hāʻawi ana i nā kaʻina hana embalming i kahi ʻano haipule nui aʻe.
Embolism Arterial: ʻO ka embolism arterial kahi hopena koke o ke kahe o ke koko i kahi ʻokena a ʻāpana paha o ke kino ma muli o kahi embolus e pili ana i ka paia o kahi aʻa e ālai ana i ke kahe o ke koko, ʻo ke ʻano nui o ka embolus he pūpū koko (thromboembolism). I kekahi manawa, ua hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka embolism pulmonary e like me embolism arterial, ma ke ʻano ke ukali nei ke ʻōpala i ke aʻa puʻupuʻu e lawe ana i ke koko deoxygenated mai ka puʻuwai. Eia nō naʻe, hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka embolism pulmonary ma ke ʻano he embolism venous, no ka mea ke hana nā embolus i nā uaua. ʻO ka embolism arterial ke kumu nui o ka infarction.
Embolism Arterial: ʻO ka embolism arterial kahi hopena koke o ke kahe o ke koko i kahi ʻokena a ʻāpana paha o ke kino ma muli o kahi embolus e pili ana i ka paia o kahi aʻa e ālai ana i ke kahe o ke koko, ʻo ke ʻano nui o ka embolus he pūpū koko (thromboembolism). I kekahi manawa, ua hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka embolism pulmonary e like me embolism arterial, ma ke ʻano ke ukali nei ke ʻōpala i ke aʻa puʻupuʻu e lawe ana i ke koko deoxygenated mai ka puʻuwai. Eia nō naʻe, hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka embolism pulmonary ma ke ʻano he embolism venous, no ka mea ke hana nā embolus i nā uaua. ʻO ka embolism arterial ke kumu nui o ka infarction.
Embolization: ʻO Embolization e pili ana i ka hele a me kahi hoʻokipa o kahi embolus ma loko o ke kahe o ke koko. He kumu maoli paha ia (pathological), kahi i kapa ʻia ai ʻo embolism, no ka laʻana he embolism pulmonary; a i ʻole he inductively induced (therapeutic), ma ke ʻano he heostatic lapaʻau no ke kahe ʻana o ke koko a i ʻole he lāʻau no kekahi ʻano maʻi ʻaʻai e ka pale ʻana i nā kīʻaha koko e pōloli i nā hunaola tumele.
Embolism Arterial: ʻO ka embolism arterial kahi hopena koke o ke kahe o ke koko i kahi ʻokena a ʻāpana paha o ke kino ma muli o kahi embolus e pili ana i ka paia o kahi aʻa e ālai ana i ke kahe o ke koko, ʻo ke ʻano nui o ka embolus he pūpū koko (thromboembolism). I kekahi manawa, ua hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka embolism pulmonary e like me embolism arterial, ma ke ʻano ke ukali nei ke ʻōpala i ke aʻa puʻupuʻu e lawe ana i ke koko deoxygenated mai ka puʻuwai. Eia nō naʻe, hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka embolism pulmonary ma ke ʻano he embolism venous, no ka mea ke hana nā embolus i nā uaua. ʻO ka embolism arterial ke kumu nui o ka infarction.
Fibromuscular dysplasia: ʻO Fibromuscular dysplasia ( FMD ) kahi maʻi non-atherosclerotic, non-inflammatory o nā kīʻaha koko e ulu ana i loko o ka paia o kahi aʻa. Ua loaʻa ʻo FMD ma kahi kokoke i nā moena arterial a pau i loko o ke kino ʻoiai ʻo nā aʻa ʻoi loa e hoʻopili ʻia ka aʻa a me nā aʻa carotid.
Hemodynamics: ʻO nā haemodynamics a i ʻole nā hemodynamics ka ikaika o ke kahe o ke koko . Mālama ʻia ka ʻōnaehana puni e nā ʻano homeostatic o autoregulation, e like me ka mālama ʻia ʻana o nā kaapuni uila e nā ʻōnaehana hoʻokele. ʻO ka pane haemodynamic e nānā mau a hoʻoponopono i nā kūlana i ke kino a me kona kaiapuni. Wehewehe nā Haemodynamics i nā kānāwai o ke kino e pili ana i ke kahe o ke koko i loko o nā kīʻaha koko.
Kinoea Arterial: E nānā paha ke kinoea Arterial i: Ke kinoea koko Physiologic arterial Embolism lewa
Air embolism: ʻO kahi embolism ea , i ʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he embolism gas , kahi paʻa o ke kīʻaha koko i hoʻokumu ʻia e hoʻokahi a ʻoi paha mau huʻa o ka lewa a i ʻole nā ​​gas i loko o ka ʻōnaehana kahe. Hiki ke hoʻokomo i ka ea i loko o ke kaapuni i ke kaʻina hana. Hiki paha i nā embolism air i loko o ka xylem o nā mea kanu vascular, keu hoʻi ke ʻeha nei i ka pilikia o ka wai.
Hōʻike kinoea koko Arterial: Kuhi kahi aniani koko ʻokoʻa ( ABG ) i nā ana o nā kinoea arterial, e like me oxygen a me carbon dioxide. Pono kahi hoʻokolohua ABG e huki i kahi liʻiliʻi o ke koko mai ke aʻa radial me kahi syringe a me kahi nila niniʻi, akā i kekahi manawa e hoʻohana ʻia ke aʻa wahine i ke aʻa a i ʻole kahi pūnaewele ʻē aʻe. Hiki ke huki ʻia ke koko mai kahi catheter arterial.
Kaha koko: ʻO ke kahe o ke koko ka hopena ke haki ke kīʻaha koko, kahi kīʻaha koko i kahi kanaka ola. Hoʻopili ke koko i ke kahe o ke koko i kahi wikiwiki, intermittent rate i ka ʻehu a jet paha, e hui pū ana me ka lāʻau, ma mua o ka lohi, akā ke kahe mau o ke kahe koko. ʻIke pū ʻia me ke kahe ʻana o ka arterial , spurting arterial , a i ʻole ke kahe ʻana o ke ākea , hiki ke nui ka nui o ke kahe o ke koko, hikiwawe loa, a hiki i ka make.
Kaha koko: ʻO ke kahe o ke koko ka hopena ke haki ke kīʻaha koko, kahi kīʻaha koko i kahi kanaka ola. Hoʻopili ke koko i ke kahe o ke koko i kahi wikiwiki, intermittent rate i ka ʻehu a jet paha, e hui pū ana me ka lāʻau, ma mua o ka lohi, akā ke kahe mau o ke kahe koko. ʻIke pū ʻia me ke kahe ʻana o ka arterial , spurting arterial , a i ʻole ke kahe ʻana o ke ākea , hiki ke nui ka nui o ke kahe o ke koko, hikiwawe loa, a hiki i ka make.
Alanui Arterial: ʻO kahi ala arterial a i ʻole ke alahele arterial kahi ala kiʻekiʻe ma ke kūlanakauhale e noho ana ma lalo o nā alaloa / nā alanui ākea ma ke ala hierarchy e pili ana i ke kahe o ke kaʻa a me ka wikiwiki. ʻO ka hana mua o ke ala arterial ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā kaʻa mai nā ala ʻohiʻohi i nā alaloa a i nā alaloa, a ma waena o nā kikowaena o ke kaona i ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka lawelawe hiki. E like me ia, nui nā aʻa i hiki i nā ala komo palena, a i ʻole nā ​​palena hiʻohiʻona i ke komo pilikino ʻana. Ma muli o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hiki ʻana iā lākou, nui nā ala nui e kū nei i ka nui o ka hoʻohana ʻāina a me ka hoʻomohala kūlanakauhale, e hoʻolilo ana iā lākou i nā kūlanakauhale nui.
Arteriolosclerosis: ʻO Arteriolosclerosis kahi ʻano o ka maʻi maʻi maʻi e pili ana i ka paʻakikī a me ka nalo ʻana o ka lahilahi o arterioles a i ʻole nā aʻa liʻiliʻi a pili pinepine ʻia me ka hypertension a me ka diabetes mellitus. ʻO nā ʻano e pili pū ana me ka hyaline arteriolosclerosis a me ka hyperplastic arteriolosclerosis , pili pū ʻia me ka paia o ka pā a me ka mālam ʻana o ka luminal e hōʻeha ai paha i ka ischemic i lalo. ʻO Arteriosclerosis kekahi paʻakikī o nā aʻa waena a nui paha ʻO Atherosclerosis kahi paʻakikī o kahi aʻa kikoʻī ma muli o kahi atheromatous plaque. Hoʻohana ʻia ka huaʻōlelo atherogenic no nā mea a i ʻole nā ​​hana e kumu ai ka atherosclerosis.
Hypertension: ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe , i ʻike ʻia ʻo ke koko kiʻekiʻe ( HBP ), kahi ʻano olakino lōʻihi kahi e piʻi mau ai ke koko i nā aʻa. ʻAʻole hiki i ke kahe koko kiʻekiʻe ke kumu o nā ʻōuli. ʻO ke kahe koko kiʻekiʻe lōʻihi, akā naʻe, he kumu nui ia no ka hahau ʻana, ka maʻi o ke aʻa, maʻi ʻole o ka naʻau, fibrillation atrial, maʻi ākea ākea, nalo ʻana o ka ʻike, nā maʻi puʻuwai maʻi mau, a me nā dementia.
ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe: ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe hypertension a i ʻole hāpai hypertension i hāpai ʻia ( PIH ) ka ulu ʻana o ka hypertension hou i kahi wahine hāpai ma hope o ka hana ʻana o 20 mau pule me ka loaʻa ʻole o ka protein i ka mimi a i ʻole nā ​​hōʻailona ʻē aʻe o ka pre-eclampsia. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia ka hypertension ʻo Gestational ma ke ʻano he kahe o ke koko ma mua o 140/90 ma nā manawa ʻelua ma ka liʻiliʻi he 6 mau hola ma ke kaʻawale.
Pākuʻi (kahe): ʻO Shock ka mokuʻāina o ka lawa ʻole o ke kahe o ke koko i nā aʻa o ke kino ma muli o nā pilikia me ka ʻōnaehana puni. Pākuʻi ʻia paha nā ʻōuli o ka haʻalulu me ka nāwaliwali, ka wikiwiki o ka puʻuwai, ka hanu wikiwiki ʻana, ka hou ʻana, ka hopohopo, a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka make wai. E ukali ʻia paha kēia e ka huikau, ka ʻike ʻole, a i ʻole ka hopu ʻia o ka naʻau, ʻoiai e ulu ana nā pilikia.
Hana hoʻokomo o Arterial: ʻO ka hana komo komo Arterial (AIF), i ʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he komo komo plasma, pili i ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi o ka tracer i ke koko-plasma i kahi aʻa i ana ʻia i ka manawa. ʻO ka moʻolelo kahiko loa ma PubMed e hōʻike ana ua hoʻohana ʻia ʻo AIF e Harvey et al. i 1962 e ana i ka hoʻololi o nā mea ma waena o nā hunaola ʻulaʻula a me ka plasma toto, a e nā mea noiʻi ʻē aʻe i ka makahiki 1983 no ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana o ka positron emission tomography (PET). I kēia mau lā, hana ʻia ka hoʻokalakupua kinetic i nā ʻano kiʻi kiʻi olakino ʻē aʻe, kahi e koi ai i kahi AIF ma ke ʻano he hoʻokomo o ke ana hoʻohālikelike makemakika, no ka laʻana, i ke kiʻi PET ikaika, a i ʻole perfusion CT, a i ʻole ke ʻano hoʻohālikelike i ka resonance magnet (DCE-MRI ).
Maʻi maʻi peripheral artery: ʻO ka maʻi maʻi peripheral artery ( PAD ) kahi hoʻopili liʻiliʻi o nā aʻa ʻē aʻe ma mua o nā mea e hāʻawi i ka puʻuwai a i ʻole ka lolo. Ke kūpikipiki i ka puʻuwai, kapa ʻia ia ka maʻi o ke aʻa, a i ka lolo, ua kapa ʻia ia he maʻi cerebrovascular. Hoʻopili pinepine ka maʻi o ke aʻa peripheral i nā wāwae, akā pili pū kekahi nā aʻa ʻē aʻe - e like me nā lima, ʻāʻī, a me nā puʻupaʻa. ʻO ka ʻōuli maʻamau ka ʻeha o ka wāwae ke hele ʻoe e hoʻonā me ke koena, i ʻike ʻia ʻo claudication intermittent. ʻO nā ʻōuli ʻē aʻe e pili ana i ka ʻeha o ka ʻili, ʻili bluish, ʻili anuanu, a i ʻole ke kui a me ka ulu ʻana o ka lauoho i ka wāwae i hoʻopili ʻia. Komo pū kekahi pilikia me ka maʻi a i ʻole ka make ʻana o ka ʻaʻa i koi ʻia e ʻoki ʻia; maʻi ahulau coronary, a i ʻole hahau. Aia i 50% o ka poʻe me PAD ʻaʻohe o lākou mau ʻōuli.
Ulcer insufficiency ulcer: Arterial insufficiency ulcers i ka hapanui aia ma luna o ke kīloi paʻewa ili o ka puupuu a me ka distal huahelu. Hoʻokumu pinepine ʻia lākou e ka maʻi ākea ākea (PAD).
Ulcer insufficiency ulcer: Arterial insufficiency ulcers i ka hapanui aia ma luna o ke kīloi paʻewa ili o ka puupuu a me ka distal huahelu. Hoʻokumu pinepine ʻia lākou e ka maʻi ākea ākea (PAD).
Hahau: ʻO ka hahau kahi ʻano olakino kahi e kahe ai ke koko maikaʻi ʻole i ka lolo e make ai ka cell. ʻElua ʻano nui o ka hahau ʻana: ischemic, ma muli o ka loaʻa ʻole o ke kahe o ke koko, a me ka hemorrhagic, ma muli o ke kahe ʻana o ke kahe. Hoʻopau nā mea ʻelua i nā ʻāpana o ka lolo e hana pono. Hiki i nā hōʻailona a me nā ʻōuli o ke kuʻi ke komo i ka hiki ʻole ke neʻe a manaʻo paha ma kekahi ʻaoʻao o ke kino, nā pilikia i ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana a i ʻole ka ʻōlelo ʻana, ka lōkahi, a i ka nalo ʻana o ka ʻike i kekahi ʻaoʻao. Hōʻike pinepine nā hōʻailona a me nā hōʻailona ma hope koke iho o ka hōʻeha ʻana o ka maʻi. Inā emi ka lōʻihi o nā ʻōuli ma mua o hoʻokahi a ʻelua paha mau hola, ʻo ka hahau ʻana he hoʻouka ischemic kuewa (TIA), a i kapa ʻia hoʻi ʻo ka pōkole. Hiki ke pili pū ʻia kahi hahau hemorrhagic me kahi maʻi poʻo ʻeha. Hiki ke mau nā ʻōuli o ke kuʻi. Hiki i nā pilikia lōʻihi ke komo pū me ka pulumonia a me ka nalo ʻana o ka kaohi o ka maʻi ʻaʻa.
Ulcer insufficiency ulcer: Arterial insufficiency ulcers i ka hapanui aia ma luna o ke kīloi paʻewa ili o ka puupuu a me ka distal huahelu. Hoʻokumu pinepine ʻia lākou e ka maʻi ākea ākea (PAD).
Ligamentum arteriosum: ʻO ka ligamentum arteriosum kahi ligament liʻiliʻi ia ke koena o ka ductus arteriosus i hana ʻia i loko o ʻekolu mau pule ma hope o ka hānau ʻana.
Laina Arterial: ʻO kahi laina arterial kahi catheter lahilahi i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o kahi aʻa.
Maʻi maʻi peripheral artery: ʻO ka maʻi maʻi peripheral artery ( PAD ) kahi hoʻopili liʻiliʻi o nā aʻa ʻē aʻe ma mua o nā mea e hāʻawi i ka puʻuwai a i ʻole ka lolo. Ke kūpikipiki i ka puʻuwai, kapa ʻia ia ka maʻi o ke aʻa, a i ka lolo, ua kapa ʻia ia he maʻi cerebrovascular. Hoʻopili pinepine ka maʻi o ke aʻa peripheral i nā wāwae, akā pili pū kekahi nā aʻa ʻē aʻe - e like me nā lima, ʻāʻī, a me nā puʻupaʻa. ʻO ka ʻōuli maʻamau ka ʻeha o ka wāwae ke hele ʻoe e hoʻonā me ke koena, i ʻike ʻia ʻo claudication intermittent. ʻO nā ʻōuli ʻē aʻe e pili ana i ka ʻeha o ka ʻili, ʻili bluish, ʻili anuanu, a i ʻole ke kui a me ka ulu ʻana o ka lauoho i ka wāwae i hoʻopili ʻia. Komo pū kekahi pilikia me ka maʻi a i ʻole ka make ʻana o ka ʻaʻa i koi ʻia e ʻoki ʻia; maʻi ahulau coronary, a i ʻole hahau. Aia i 50% o ka poʻe me PAD ʻaʻohe o lākou mau ʻōuli.
ʻO ke kūpikipiki kino koko: ʻO ke kūpikipiki kino koko e pili ana i ka ʻāpana puʻe o nā kinoea i ke koko. Nui a hewahewa nā kumu no ke ana ʻana i ke kūpikipiki. ʻO ke kūpikipiki kika maʻamau ka ana ʻia o ka oxygen oxygen (P x O 2 ), carbon dioxide tension (P x CO 2 ) a me carbon monoxide tension (P x CO). Na subscript m i loko o kēlā me kēia hōʻailona ho i ke kumu o ke kinoea i ana: "he" ke ano, arterial, "A" i alveolar, "V" i venous, a "e" i capillary. ʻO nā hoʻokolohua kinoea koko (e like me nā hoʻokolohua kinoea koko arterial) e ana i kēia mau kaomi ʻāpana.
Atheroma: An atheroma , a i ʻole atheromatous plaque ("plaque"), he hōʻiliʻili maʻamau ia o nā mea i ka papa o loko o ka pā o kahi aʻa.
Puʻe koko: ʻO ke kaomi koko ( BP ) ke kaomi o ke kahe o ke koko e kūʻē i nā paia o nā kīʻaha koko. ʻO ka hapanui o kēia kaomi ka hopena o ka puʻuwai e pīpī nei i ke koko ma o ka ʻōnaehana puni. Ke hoʻohana ʻia me ke kūpono ʻole, pili ka huaʻōlelo "kaomi koko" i ke kaomi i nā aʻa nui. Hōʻike pinepine ʻia ke kaomi koko e pili ana i ke kaomi systolic ma luna o ke kaomi diastolic i ka pōʻai cardiac. Ana ʻia ia i nā milimita o ka mercury (mmHg) ma luna aʻe o ke kaomi honua e pili ana.
Puʻe koko: ʻO ke kaomi koko ( BP ) ke kaomi o ke kahe o ke koko e kūʻē i nā paia o nā kīʻaha koko. ʻO ka hapanui o kēia kaomi ka hopena o ka puʻuwai e pīpī nei i ke koko ma o ka ʻōnaehana puni. Ke hoʻohana ʻia me ke kūpono ʻole, pili ka huaʻōlelo "kaomi koko" i ke kaomi i nā aʻa nui. Hōʻike pinepine ʻia ke kaomi koko e pili ana i ke kaomi systolic ma luna o ke kaomi diastolic i ka pōʻai cardiac. Ana ʻia ia i nā milimita o ka mercury (mmHg) ma luna aʻe o ke kaomi honua e pili ana.
Pulse: Ma lapaau, i ka lāʻau ikiʻai wale ho i ka tactile arterial palpation o ka cardiac kalapona (Heartbeat) e hoʻomaʻamaʻa fingertips. Palpated paha ka lāʻau ikiʻai ma nā wahi āpau e ʻae ai i ke aʻa e kaomi ma kahi o ka ʻili o ke kino, e like me ka ʻāʻī, ka pūlima, ma ke ʻūlū, ma hope o ke kuli, kokoke i ke kuʻekuʻe wāwae, a me ka wāwae. ʻO ka lāʻau iki ka like me ke ana ʻana i ka helu o ka puʻuwai. Hiki ke ana ʻia ka helu o ka puʻuwai e ka hoʻolohe ʻana i ka puʻuwai puʻuwai e ka auscultation, ma ka hoʻohana maʻamau i kahi stethoscope a helu iā ia no hoʻokahi minuke. Hoʻomaopopo pinepine ʻia ka pulse radial me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā manamana ʻekolu. He kumu kēia: ua hoʻohana ʻia ka manamana lima kokoke loa i ka puʻuwai e hoʻokuʻi ai i ke kaomi lāʻau, ua hoʻohana ʻia ka manamana waena e kiʻi i kahi kuhi kahe o ke kahe o ke koko, a hoʻohana ʻia ka manamana lima loa i ka puʻuwai e hoʻopau ai i ka hopena o ka ulnar. pākuʻi i ka hoʻopili ʻia o nā aʻa ʻelua ma o nā pio o ka palmar. ʻIke ʻia ke aʻo ʻana i ka lāʻau pulse sphygmology.
Papa kuhikuhi resistivity arterial: ʻO ka papa kuhikuhi resistivity arterial , hoʻomohala ʻia e Leandre Pourcelot, kahi ana o ke kahe ʻana o ke koko e hōʻike ana i ke kūpaʻa ʻana i ke kahe o ke koko i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka moena microvascular distal i ke kahua o ke ana.
Papa kuhikuhi resistivity arterial: ʻO ka papa kuhikuhi resistivity arterial , hoʻomohala ʻia e Leandre Pourcelot, kahi ana o ke kahe ʻana o ke koko e hōʻike ana i ke kūpaʻa ʻana i ke kahe o ke koko i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka moena microvascular distal i ke kahua o ke ana.
Revascularization: I ke olakino a me ka lāʻau lapaʻau, revascularization ka hoʻihoʻi o ka perfusion i kahi ʻāpana o ke kino a i ʻino paha i ʻeha ka ischemia. Hana maʻamau ʻia ia e nā ʻano ʻoki. ʻO ka bypass vascular a me ka angioplasty nā ala mua ʻelua o ka revascularization.
Alanui Arterial: ʻO kahi ala arterial a i ʻole ke alahele arterial kahi ala kiʻekiʻe ma ke kūlanakauhale e noho ana ma lalo o nā alaloa / nā alanui ākea ma ke ala hierarchy e pili ana i ke kahe o ke kaʻa a me ka wikiwiki. ʻO ka hana mua o ke ala arterial ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā kaʻa mai nā ala ʻohiʻohi i nā alaloa a i nā alaloa, a ma waena o nā kikowaena o ke kaona i ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka lawelawe hiki. E like me ia, nui nā aʻa i hiki i nā ala komo palena, a i ʻole nā ​​palena hiʻohiʻona i ke komo pilikino ʻana. Ma muli o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hiki ʻana iā lākou, nui nā ala nui e kū nei i ka nui o ka hoʻohana ʻāina a me ka hoʻomohala kūlanakauhale, e hoʻolilo ana iā lākou i nā kūlanakauhale nui.
Alanui Arterial: ʻO kahi ala arterial a i ʻole ke alahele arterial kahi ala kiʻekiʻe ma ke kūlanakauhale e noho ana ma lalo o nā alaloa / nā alanui ākea ma ke ala hierarchy e pili ana i ke kahe o ke kaʻa a me ka wikiwiki. ʻO ka hana mua o ke ala arterial ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā kaʻa mai nā ala ʻohiʻohi i nā alaloa a i nā alaloa, a ma waena o nā kikowaena o ke kaona i ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka lawelawe hiki. E like me ia, nui nā aʻa i hiki i nā ala komo palena, a i ʻole nā ​​palena hiʻohiʻona i ke komo pilikino ʻana. Ma muli o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hiki ʻana iā lākou, nui nā ala nui e kū nei i ka nui o ka hoʻohana ʻāina a me ka hoʻomohala kūlanakauhale, e hoʻolilo ana iā lākou i nā kūlanakauhale nui.
Nā ala hele i Whitehorse, Yukon: Nā ala hele i Whitehorse, Yukon e komo pū ana:
Alanui Arterial: ʻO kahi ala arterial a i ʻole ke alahele arterial kahi ala kiʻekiʻe ma ke kūlanakauhale e noho ana ma lalo o nā alaloa / nā alanui ākea ma ke ala hierarchy e pili ana i ke kahe o ke kaʻa a me ka wikiwiki. ʻO ka hana mua o ke ala arterial ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā kaʻa mai nā ala ʻohiʻohi i nā alaloa a i nā alaloa, a ma waena o nā kikowaena o ke kaona i ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka lawelawe hiki. E like me ia, nui nā aʻa i hiki i nā ala komo palena, a i ʻole nā ​​palena hiʻohiʻona i ke komo pilikino ʻana. Ma muli o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hiki ʻana iā lākou, nui nā ala nui e kū nei i ka nui o ka hoʻohana ʻāina a me ka hoʻomohala kūlanakauhale, e hoʻolilo ana iā lākou i nā kūlanakauhale nui.
Atherosclerosis: ʻO Atherosclerosis kahi hiʻohiʻona o ka maʻi arteriosclerosis kahi e ulu ai ka paia o ke aʻa i nā mea kūpono ʻole, i kapa ʻia he lesions. Hiki i kēia mau leona ke alakaʻi i ka hoʻopili ʻana ma muli o ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o ka pahu atheromatous. I ka mua, ʻaʻohe hōʻailona. Ke kūpilikiʻi, hiki i ka hopena ke hopena i nā maʻi o ke aʻa, ka maʻi hahau, nā maʻi o ke aʻa ākea, a me nā pilikia o nā puʻupaʻa, e pili ana i nā aʻa i hoʻopili ʻia. Nā ʻōuli, inā kū lākou, ʻaʻole hoʻomaka a hiki i ka makahiki waena.
ʻO Vasospasm: Kuhikuhi ʻo Vasospasm i kahi kūlana i alakaʻi ʻia ai kahi spasm arterial i ka vasoconstriction. Hiki i kēia ke alakaʻi i ka ischemia a me ka make ʻana o ka iʻa (nekrosis). Kū i luna ka cerebral vasospasm i ka pōʻaiapili o ka hemorrhage subarachnoid. ʻO ka vasospasm hōʻailona a i ʻole ka lohi o ka cerebral ischemia kahi mea kōkua nui i ka maʻi post-operative a me ka make ma hope o ka hemorrhage aneurysmal subarachnoid. ʻIke ʻia ʻo Vasospasm 4 a 10 mau lā ma hope o ka hemorrhage subarachnoid.
ʻO ka lepili hulina Arterial: ʻO ka lepili wili ʻana o Arterial (ASL), i ʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he wili lepe arterial , he ʻano kiʻi kiʻi magnetic i hoʻohana ʻia e helu i ka perfusion koko cerebral e ka lepili ʻana i ka wai o ke koko e kahe ana i loko o ka lolo. ʻO ASL kikoʻī e pili ana i ka lepili ʻana o ke koko arterial ma lalo o ka papa kiʻi, me ka ʻole o ka gadolinium ʻokoʻa, ʻo ia ka mua o kāna ʻano e pili ana i ke kiʻi perfusion. Hiki i kekahi o nā hoʻolālā ASL, ʻo ka maʻalahi ʻo ke kahe ʻana i ka hoʻohuli hoʻohuli huli hou (FAIR) e koi ai i ʻelua mau loaʻa o nā palena like me ka ʻokoʻa o ka saturation o waho. ʻo ka ʻokoʻa o nā kiʻi ʻelua ma ke ʻano he theoretically wale nō mai ka ninini ʻana i nā milo, a manaʻo ʻia ʻia he 'map perfusion'.
ʻO ka lepili hulina Arterial: ʻO ka lepili wili ʻana o Arterial (ASL), i ʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he wili lepe arterial , he ʻano kiʻi kiʻi magnetic i hoʻohana ʻia e helu i ka perfusion koko cerebral e ka lepili ʻana i ka wai o ke koko e kahe ana i loko o ka lolo. ʻO ASL kikoʻī e pili ana i ka lepili ʻana o ke koko arterial ma lalo o ka papa kiʻi, me ka ʻole o ka gadolinium ʻokoʻa, ʻo ia ka mua o kāna ʻano e pili ana i ke kiʻi perfusion. Hiki i kekahi o nā hoʻolālā ASL, ʻo ka maʻalahi ʻo ke kahe ʻana i ka hoʻohuli hoʻohuli huli hou (FAIR) e koi ai i ʻelua mau loaʻa o nā palena like me ka ʻokoʻa o ka saturation o waho. ʻo ka ʻokoʻa o nā kiʻi ʻelua ma ke ʻano he theoretically wale nō mai ka ninini ʻana i nā milo, a manaʻo ʻia ʻia he 'map perfusion'.
ʻO ka lepili hulina Arterial: ʻO ka lepili wili ʻana o Arterial (ASL), i ʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he wili lepe arterial , he ʻano kiʻi kiʻi magnetic i hoʻohana ʻia e helu i ka perfusion koko cerebral e ka lepili ʻana i ka wai o ke koko e kahe ana i loko o ka lolo. ʻO ASL kikoʻī e pili ana i ka lepili ʻana o ke koko arterial ma lalo o ka papa kiʻi, me ka ʻole o ka gadolinium ʻokoʻa, ʻo ia ka mua o kāna ʻano e pili ana i ke kiʻi perfusion. Hiki i kekahi o nā hoʻolālā ASL, ʻo ka maʻalahi ʻo ke kahe ʻana i ka hoʻohuli hoʻohuli huli hou (FAIR) e koi ai i ʻelua mau loaʻa o nā palena like me ka ʻokoʻa o ka saturation o waho. ʻo ka ʻokoʻa o nā kiʻi ʻelua ma ke ʻano he theoretically wale nō mai ka ninini ʻana i nā milo, a manaʻo ʻia ʻia he 'map perfusion'.
Kaha koko: ʻO ke kahe o ke koko ka hopena ke haki ke kīʻaha koko, kahi kīʻaha koko i kahi kanaka ola. Hoʻopili ke koko i ke kahe o ke koko i kahi wikiwiki, intermittent rate i ka ʻehu a jet paha, e hui pū ana me ka lāʻau, ma mua o ka lohi, akā ke kahe mau o ke kahe koko. ʻIke pū ʻia me ke kahe ʻana o ka arterial , spurting arterial , a i ʻole ke kahe ʻana o ke ākea , hiki ke nui ka nui o ke kahe o ke koko, hikiwawe loa, a hiki i ka make.
Kaha koko: ʻO ke kahe o ke koko ka hopena ke haki ke kīʻaha koko, kahi kīʻaha koko i kahi kanaka ola. Hoʻopili ke koko i ke kahe o ke koko i kahi wikiwiki, intermittent rate i ka ʻehu a jet paha, e hui pū ana me ka lāʻau, ma mua o ka lohi, akā ke kahe mau o ke kahe koko. ʻIke pū ʻia me ke kahe ʻana o ka arterial , spurting arterial , a i ʻole ke kahe ʻana o ke ākea , hiki ke nui ka nui o ke kahe o ke koko, hikiwawe loa, a hiki i ka make.
Kaha koko: ʻO ke kahe o ke koko ka hopena ke haki ke kīʻaha koko, kahi kīʻaha koko i kahi kanaka ola. Hoʻopili ke koko i ke kahe o ke koko i kahi wikiwiki, intermittent rate i ka ʻehu a jet paha, e hui pū ana me ka lāʻau, ma mua o ka lohi, akā ke kahe mau o ke kahe koko. ʻIke pū ʻia me ke kahe ʻana o ka arterial , spurting arterial , a i ʻole ke kahe ʻana o ke ākea , hiki ke nui ka nui o ke kahe o ke koko, hikiwawe loa, a hiki i ka make.
Loaʻa i ka maʻi ʻaihue ʻaihue: I ka nephrology, maʻi maʻi ʻaihue ke komo i loko kahi maʻi maʻi i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka ischemia e pili ana i kahi hāmeʻa komo i hoʻonohonoho ʻia e hāʻawi i ke komo no ka kahe a me ka kahe o ke koko i ka wā hemodialysis.
Loaʻa i ka maʻi ʻaihue ʻaihue: I ka nephrology, maʻi maʻi ʻaihue ke komo i loko kahi maʻi maʻi i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka ischemia e pili ana i kahi hāmeʻa komo i hoʻonohonoho ʻia e hāʻawi i ke komo no ka kahe a me ka kahe o ke koko i ka wā hemodialysis.
Stent: I ka lāʻau lapaʻau, he stent kahi metala a i ʻole ea paipu i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka lumen o kahi moku anatomic a i ʻole ke kaula e wehe ai i ke ala hele, a ʻo ka stenting ke kau ʻana o kahi stent. Nui nā ʻano stent i hoʻohana ʻia no nā kumu like ʻole, mai nā ston coronary, vascular a biliary a hiki i nā stent ea maʻalahi i hoʻohana ʻia e ʻae i ke kahe o ka mimi ma waena o ka puʻupaʻa a me ka ʻai. Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo "Stent" ma ke ʻano he huaʻōlelo e wehewehe i ke kau ʻana o kahi hāmeʻa, ʻoiai ke kahi maʻi e like me atherosclerosis ua hoʻopili liʻiliʻi i kahi hale e like me ke aʻa.
ʻOʻoleʻa Arterial: Kū ka paʻakikī Arterial ma ke ʻano he hopena o ka ʻelemakule biological a me arteriosclerosis. He mea nui ka pehu i ka ulu ʻana o arteriosclerosis, a no laila he mea kōkua nui ia i nā aʻa nui e ʻoi ana. Hoʻohui ʻia ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka ʻāpana arterial me ka hoʻonui ʻia o ka hopena o nā hanana cardiovascular e like me ka myocardial infarction a me ka hahau ʻana, nā kumu nui ʻelua o ka make i ka honua i kūkulu ʻia. Ua wānana ka World Health Organization i ka makahiki 2010, ʻo ka maʻi maʻi puʻuwai pū kekahi ke alakaʻi nui i ka honua e ulu nei a hōʻike i kahi pilikia olakino nui o ka honua.
ʻOʻoleʻa Arterial: Kū ka paʻakikī Arterial ma ke ʻano he hopena o ka ʻelemakule biological a me arteriosclerosis. He mea nui ka pehu i ka ulu ʻana o arteriosclerosis, a no laila he mea kōkua nui ia i nā aʻa nui e ʻoi ana. Hoʻohui ʻia ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka ʻāpana arterial me ka hoʻonui ʻia o ka hopena o nā hanana cardiovascular e like me ka myocardial infarction a me ka hahau ʻana, nā kumu nui ʻelua o ka make i ka honua i kūkulu ʻia. Ua wānana ka World Health Organization i ka makahiki 2010, ʻo ka maʻi maʻi puʻuwai pū kekahi ke alakaʻi nui i ka honua e ulu nei a hōʻike i kahi pilikia olakino nui o ka honua.
Alanui Arterial: ʻO kahi ala arterial a i ʻole ke alahele arterial kahi ala kiʻekiʻe ma ke kūlanakauhale e noho ana ma lalo o nā alaloa / nā alanui ākea ma ke ala hierarchy e pili ana i ke kahe o ke kaʻa a me ka wikiwiki. ʻO ka hana mua o ke ala arterial ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā kaʻa mai nā ala ʻohiʻohi i nā alaloa a i nā alaloa, a ma waena o nā kikowaena o ke kaona i ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka lawelawe hiki. E like me ia, nui nā aʻa i hiki i nā ala komo palena, a i ʻole nā ​​palena hiʻohiʻona i ke komo pilikino ʻana. Ma muli o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hiki ʻana iā lākou, nui nā ala nui e kū nei i ka nui o ka hoʻohana ʻāina a me ka hoʻomohala kūlanakauhale, e hoʻolilo ana iā lākou i nā kūlanakauhale nui.
ʻO Baroreceptor: ʻO Baroreceptors nā mea ʻike i loko o ka sinus carotid a i ka aortic arch. ʻIke lākou i ke kahe o ke koko a hāʻawi i ka ʻike i ka lolo, i hiki ai ke mālama i kahi kaomi koko kūpono.
Kaapuni o Willis: ʻO ka pōʻai o Willis kahi anastomosis puni e hāʻawi i ke koko i ka lolo a me nā hale e pili ana i nā mea kolo, nā manu a me nā mea hānai manu, me nā kānaka. Ua kapa ʻia kona inoa ma hope o Thomas Willis (1621–1675), he kauka Pelekane.
Hana kuapo Arterial: ʻO ka hana kuapo Arterial ( ASO ) a i ʻole ke hoʻololi arterial , kahi hana ʻoki puʻuwai puʻuwai i hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻoponopono i ka dextro-transposition o nā aʻa nui ( d-TGA ); ʻo kona ulu hoʻomohala ʻia e ka puʻuwai puʻuwai puʻuwai Kanada o William Mustard a ua kapa ʻia ia no ke kauka ʻōiwi ʻo Brazil Adib Jatene, ʻo ia ka mea mua i hoʻohana me ka kūleʻa. ʻO ia ka hana mua o ka hoʻoponopono D-TGA e hoʻāʻo ʻia, akā ʻo ka mea hope loa e hoʻohana mau ʻia no ka palena o ka ʻenehana i ka manawa o kona hapai ʻia.
Hana kuapo Arterial: ʻO ka hana kuapo Arterial ( ASO ) a i ʻole ke hoʻololi arterial , kahi hana ʻoki puʻuwai puʻuwai i hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻoponopono i ka dextro-transposition o nā aʻa nui ( d-TGA ); ʻo kona ulu hoʻomohala ʻia e ka puʻuwai puʻuwai puʻuwai Kanada o William Mustard a ua kapa ʻia ia no ke kauka ʻōiwi ʻo Brazil Adib Jatene, ʻo ia ka mea mua i hoʻohana me ka kūleʻa. ʻO ia ka hana mua o ka hoʻoponopono D-TGA e hoʻāʻo ʻia, akā ʻo ka mea hope loa e hoʻohana mau ʻia no ka palena o ka ʻenehana i ka manawa o kona hapai ʻia.
ʻAukā: ʻO ke aʻa kahi kīʻaha koko e lawe i ke koko mai ka puʻuwai i hoʻokahi a i ʻole nā ​​ʻāpana o ke kino. Hāpai ka hapa nui o nā aʻa i ke koko oxygenated; ʻo nā mea ʻokoʻa ʻelua ka pulmonary a me nā ʻumeke umbilical, e hāpai i ke koko deoxygenated i nā ʻokena e oxygenate iā ia. ʻO ka nui o ke koko arterial ka wai extracellular e hoʻopiha i ka ʻōnaehana arterial.
Alanui Arterial: ʻO kahi ala arterial a i ʻole ke alahele arterial kahi ala kiʻekiʻe ma ke kūlanakauhale e noho ana ma lalo o nā alaloa / nā alanui ākea ma ke ala hierarchy e pili ana i ke kahe o ke kaʻa a me ka wikiwiki. ʻO ka hana mua o ke ala arterial ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā kaʻa mai nā ala ʻohiʻohi i nā alaloa a i nā alaloa, a ma waena o nā kikowaena o ke kaona i ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka lawelawe hiki. E like me ia, nui nā aʻa i hiki i nā ala komo palena, a i ʻole nā ​​palena hiʻohiʻona i ke komo pilikino ʻana. Ma muli o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hiki ʻana iā lākou, nui nā ala nui e kū nei i ka nui o ka hoʻohana ʻāina a me ka hoʻomohala kūlanakauhale, e hoʻolilo ana iā lākou i nā kūlanakauhale nui.
Alanui Arterial: ʻO kahi ala arterial a i ʻole ke alahele arterial kahi ala kiʻekiʻe ma ke kūlanakauhale e noho ana ma lalo o nā alaloa / nā alanui ākea ma ke ala hierarchy e pili ana i ke kahe o ke kaʻa a me ka wikiwiki. ʻO ka hana mua o ke ala arterial ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā kaʻa mai nā ala ʻohiʻohi i nā alaloa a i nā alaloa, a ma waena o nā kikowaena o ke kaona i ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka lawelawe hiki. E like me ia, nui nā aʻa i hiki i nā ala komo palena, a i ʻole nā ​​palena hiʻohiʻona i ke komo pilikino ʻana. Ma muli o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hiki ʻana iā lākou, nui nā ala nui e kū nei i ka nui o ka hoʻohana ʻāina a me ka hoʻomohala kūlanakauhale, e hoʻolilo ana iā lākou i nā kūlanakauhale nui.