Arthropleura, Arthropleuridea, Arthropod

ʻO Arthropleura: ʻO Arthropleura kahi ʻano o nā arthropod millipede pau ʻole i noho ma ka ʻĀkau hikina o ʻAmelika ʻĀkau a me Skotlandia ma kahi o 345 a 295 miliona mau makahiki i hala aku nei, mai ka pae Viséan o ka wā Carboniferous haʻahaʻa a hiki i ka wā Asselian o ka wā Permian haʻahaʻa. ʻO ka laha o ka genus ka invertebrates ʻāina kaulana loa o nā manawa āpau, a inā he kakaikahi, inā loaʻa kekahi, nā mea ʻaihue.
Arthropleuridea: ʻO Arthropleuridea kahi subclass extinct o myriapod arthropods i ulu i ka wā Carboniferous, i ala mua i ka wā o ka Silurian, a ua make ma muli o ka hoʻololi o ke aniau ma mua o ka Early Permian. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā lālā e ka loaʻa ʻana o nā diplosegement paranotal tergal lobes i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia mai ke axis o ke kino e kahi suture, a me nā pā sclerotized e hoʻopaʻa ana i ka hoʻokomo o ka wāwae. Me nā hiʻohiʻona kū hoʻokahi, ua hōʻike ʻia kahi noiʻi filogetic hou e pili pū ana ʻo Arthropleuridea i waena o nā millipedes i ka papa Diplopoda. Loaʻa i ka subclass ʻekolu mau kauoha i ʻike ʻia, kēlā me kēia ʻano.
Arthropod: He holoholona invertebrate nā kāwili uila i loaʻa kahi exoskeleton, kahi kino hoʻokaʻawale ʻia, a me nā pākuʻi i hui ʻia. Hoʻokumu ʻo Arthropods i ka phylum Euarthropoda , i hoʻopili ʻia me nā mea kolo, arachnids, myriapods, a me crustacean. ʻO ka huaʻōlelo ʻo Arthropoda e like me ka mea i noi mua ʻia e pili ana i kahi hui i hāpai ʻia o Euarthropods a me ka phylum Onychophora. Hoʻohanohano ʻia lākou e ko lākou mau lālā hui pū ʻia a me ka cuticle i hana ʻia i ka chitin, minerized pinepine ʻia me ka calcium carbonate. Aia nā papa o ke kino arthropod i nā ʻāpana, kēlā me kēia me nā pālua. I mea e ulu mau ai, pono lākou e hele i waena o ka moulting, kahi e hoʻokahe i ko lākou ʻili. He symmetrical bileterally nā Arthropods a loaʻa i ko lākou kino kahi iwi waho. He mau ʻeheu kekahi. He hui ʻokoʻa loa lākou, a hiki i ka 10 miliona mau ʻano.
Virus encephalitis: ʻO ka Virus encephalitis ka mumū o ka lolo parenchyma, i kapa ʻia ʻo encephalitis, e kahi maʻi. Kapa ʻia nā ʻano ʻokoʻa o ka encephalitis viral. ʻO ia ka ʻano maʻamau o ka encephalitis a kū pinepine me ka meningitis viral. Hoʻokumu mua nā virus Encephalitic i nā maʻi a hoʻopili hou i waho o ka ʻōnaehana waena (CNS), ʻo ka hapa nui e hōʻea i ka CNS ma o ka ʻōnaehana kahe a me ka hapa liʻiliʻi mai nā hopena nerve i ka CNS. I ka manawa ma ka lolo, hoʻohaunaele ka virus a me ka pane lūlū o ka mea hoʻokipa i ka neural function, e alakaʻi ana i nā maʻi a me nā pilikia, ʻo ka hapa nui o lākou he neurological maoli, e like me nā mākau motor i hoʻopilikia ʻia a me nā ʻano loli.
Arbovirus: ʻO Arbovirus kahi inoa informal no kēlā me kēia virus i lawe ʻia e nā vroproprop. ʻO ka huaʻōlelo arbovirus kahi huaʻōlelo portmanteau. Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Tibovirus i kekahi manawa e wehewehe kikoʻī i nā mea ʻino i lawe ʻia e nā ticks, kahi superorder ma waena o nā arthropods. Hiki i nā Arboviruses ke hoʻopili i nā holoholona a me nā mea kanu. I nā kānaka, ʻike ʻia nā ʻōuli o ka maʻi arbovirus i ka manawa he 3-15 mau lā ma hope o ke kū ʻana i ka maʻi a hala ʻekolu a ʻehā mau lā paha. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona maʻamau o ka maʻi ka maʻi fiva, maʻi ʻeha, a me ka malaise, akā hiki pū kekahi ka encephalitis a me ka maʻi hemorrhagic viral.
Arbovirus: ʻO Arbovirus kahi inoa informal no kēlā me kēia virus i lawe ʻia e nā vroproprop. ʻO ka huaʻōlelo arbovirus kahi huaʻōlelo portmanteau. Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Tibovirus i kekahi manawa e wehewehe kikoʻī i nā mea ʻino i lawe ʻia e nā ticks, kahi superorder ma waena o nā arthropods. Hiki i nā Arboviruses ke hoʻopili i nā holoholona a me nā mea kanu. I nā kānaka, ʻike ʻia nā ʻōuli o ka maʻi arbovirus i ka manawa he 3-15 mau lā ma hope o ke kū ʻana i ka maʻi a hala ʻekolu a ʻehā mau lā paha. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona maʻamau o ka maʻi ka maʻi fiva, maʻi ʻeha, a me ka malaise, akā hiki pū kekahi ka encephalitis a me ka maʻi hemorrhagic viral.
Pilikia poʻo poʻo Arthropod: ʻO ka pilikia o ke poʻo (pan) poʻo ʻōiwi kahi paio zoological lōʻihi e pili ana i ka haku ʻāpana o nā poʻo o nā hui like ʻole, a pehea e pili ai kekahi i kekahi. ʻOiai ke kuhi o ka hakakā i ka mōʻaukala kikoʻī o ka poʻo insect, ua hoʻonui ʻia e hoʻopili i nā mea ola e like me nā crustacea a me nā chelicerates; a me nā ʻano mōʻalihaku, e like me ka nui o nā arthropods i ʻike ʻia mai nā mālama manuahi ʻo Cambrian. ʻOiai ua hoʻokumu ʻia ke kumuhana ma ka papa ma muli o ka embryology insect, i loko o nā makahiki i hala aku nei ua loaʻa he nui o ka ikepili molaola hoʻomōhala. He ʻumi a ʻoi a ʻoi paha mau ʻano pane ʻē aʻe i ka pilikia, e hoʻomaka ana ma kahi o 1897, i paʻi ʻia, me nā makahiki he 2000.
ʻO ka Entomological Society of America: Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka Entomological Society of America ( ESA ) ma 1889 a i kēia lā ua ʻoi aku ka nui o nā lālā 7,000, e like me nā mea aʻo, nā limahana hoʻonui, nā kākāʻōlelo, nā haumāna, nā kānaka noiʻi, a me nā ʻepekema mai nā keʻena mahiʻai, nā keʻena olakino, nā ʻoihana pilikino, nā koleke a me nā kula nui, a me ka mokuʻāina. a me nā aupuni pekelala. Hāʻawi ia i nā pono ʻoihana a me ka ʻepekema o nā entomologists a me nā poʻe i nā aʻo e pili ana. I mea e kōkua ai i ke kamaʻilio ʻana ma waena o nā lālā, ua māhele ʻia ka ESA i ʻehā mau ʻāpana e pili ana i nā makemake entomological, a me ʻeono mau lālā, e pili ana i ka pili ʻāina. Aia ke keʻena aupuni ma Annapolis, Maryland.
ʻO ka Entomological Society of America: Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka Entomological Society of America ( ESA ) ma 1889 a i kēia lā ua ʻoi aku ka nui o nā lālā 7,000, e like me nā mea aʻo, nā limahana hoʻonui, nā kākāʻōlelo, nā haumāna, nā kānaka noiʻi, a me nā ʻepekema mai nā keʻena mahiʻai, nā keʻena olakino, nā ʻoihana pilikino, nā koleke a me nā kula nui, a me ka mokuʻāina. a me nā aupuni pekelala. Hāʻawi ia i nā pono ʻoihana a me ka ʻepekema o nā entomologists a me nā poʻe i nā aʻo e pili ana. I mea e kōkua ai i ke kamaʻilio ʻana ma waena o nā lālā, ua māhele ʻia ka ESA i ʻehā mau ʻāpana e pili ana i nā makemake entomological, a me ʻeono mau lālā, e pili ana i ka pili ʻāina. Aia ke keʻena aupuni ma Annapolis, Maryland.
ʻO ka Entomological Society of America: Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka Entomological Society of America ( ESA ) ma 1889 a i kēia lā ua ʻoi aku ka nui o nā lālā 7,000, e like me nā mea aʻo, nā limahana hoʻonui, nā kākāʻōlelo, nā haumāna, nā kānaka noiʻi, a me nā ʻepekema mai nā keʻena mahiʻai, nā keʻena olakino, nā ʻoihana pilikino, nā koleke a me nā kula nui, a me ka mokuʻāina. a me nā aupuni pekelala. Hāʻawi ia i nā pono ʻoihana a me ka ʻepekema o nā entomologists a me nā poʻe i nā aʻo e pili ana. I mea e kōkua ai i ke kamaʻilio ʻana ma waena o nā lālā, ua māhele ʻia ka ESA i ʻehā mau ʻāpana e pili ana i nā makemake entomological, a me ʻeono mau lālā, e pili ana i ka pili ʻāina. Aia ke keʻena aupuni ma Annapolis, Maryland.
Abdomen: Ke abdomen o ka hapa o ke kino ma waena o ka thorax (pahu) a me pelvis, i kānaka, a me nā vertebrates. ʻO ka ʻōpū ka ʻaoʻao mua o ka ʻaoʻao o ka ʻōpū o ka pahu. ʻO ka wahi i noho ʻia e ka ʻōpū i kapa ʻia ʻo ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū. I nā arthropods ʻo ia ka tagma hope o ke kino; hāhai ia i ka thorax a i ʻole cephalothorax.
Lina Arthropod: ʻO nā Arthropods, e like me nā mea kolo a me nā mea kolo, hoʻohana i nā pads adhesive laulima a me nā pale huluhulu no ka piʻi ʻana a me ka locomotion ma nā ʻaoʻao papamoe ʻole. Hoʻohana nā ʻano pads ʻelua i nā hunaola wai a manaʻo ʻia he 'pulu'. Ke hilinaʻi nui nei nā hana laka maloʻo i nā ikaika o van der Waals a hoʻohana ʻia e nā meaola ʻē aʻe ma mua o nā kolo. Hāʻawi ka wai i ke kāpili capillary a viscous a ʻike ʻia aia i loko o nā pad insect insect āpau. ʻAʻoleʻike iki ʻia e pili ana i nā waiwai kemika o nā wai lina a me ka ultrastructure o nā wai e hana ana i nā wai i kēia manawa ʻaʻole i aʻo nui ʻia. Hoʻohui ʻia, ʻano ʻokoʻa nā ʻano huluhulu a laumania hoʻi o ka adhesion i nā manawa he nui i nā pepeke. Kakaʻikahi nā hoʻokolohua hoʻohālikelike ma waena o nā ʻano ʻelua o ke ʻano adhesion i hana ʻia a aia kahi hemahema o ka ʻike e pili ana i nā pūʻali i hiki ke kākoʻo ʻia e kēia ʻōnaehana i nā kolo. Hoʻohui ʻia, nā rana lāʻau a me kekahi mau māmela e like me ka posum arboreal a me nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa e hoʻohana i nā pads adhesive paheʻe. ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā pads adhesive no ka locomotion ma o nā ʻaoʻao papamoe ʻole kahi ʻano i ulu ʻokoʻa i nā ʻano ʻokoʻa, e hoʻolilo ana ia i laʻana no ka evolution evolution. ʻAe ka mana o ka adhesion e hiki i kēia mau meaola ke piʻi i aneane o nā mea like ʻole.
Hoʻoweliweli ʻo Arthropod: ʻO ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana ʻo Arthropod kahi huaʻōlelo lapaʻau e wehewehe nei i ka hopena o ka ʻili i kahi nahu kiki i ʻano ʻia e ka mumū a me ka pane eosinophilic.
Pākuʻi ʻia ʻo Arthropod a me nā ʻūlū: ʻO nā laha he nui o nā arthropods maʻa mau a i kekahi mau manawa nahu a i ʻole nahu kanaka. Loaʻa i ka lawaiʻa insect nā anticoagulants a me nā enzymes e hoʻonāukiuki i nā kūloko a me nā hopena maʻi. Hiki i nā insect venoms ke hāʻawi ʻia e kā lākou stingers, i hoʻololi pinepine ʻia i ovipositors, a i ʻole e ko lākou waha waha. Hiki i ka pepelu, ka spider a me ka lāʻau ʻawelika ke hana i kahi ʻeha nui a i ʻole make paha. ʻO ka helu ʻo Dipterans no ka hapanui o nā nahu insect, ʻoiai ʻo hymenopterans ka helu o ka nui o nā ʻū. Ma waena o nā nahu spider arachnids a me nā nahu mite ka mea maʻamau. ʻE nahu a nahu aku paha ʻo Arthropods i nā kānaka no kekahi mau kumu e like me ka hānai ʻana a pale ʻana paha. ʻO nā Arthropods nā vibe nui o ka maʻi kanaka, me nā pathogens e lawe mau ʻia e nā nahu a kākaʻikahi ʻia e nā ʻū a i ʻole ka hoʻopili ʻē aʻe. ʻO kekahi hopena hopena maikaʻi ʻole ka hihia ʻana me ka hana pūʻali koa.
Pākuʻi ʻia ʻo Arthropod a me nā ʻūlū: ʻO nā laha he nui o nā arthropods maʻa mau a i kekahi mau manawa nahu a i ʻole nahu kanaka. Loaʻa i ka lawaiʻa insect nā anticoagulants a me nā enzymes e hoʻonāukiuki i nā kūloko a me nā hopena maʻi. Hiki i nā insect venoms ke hāʻawi ʻia e kā lākou stingers, i hoʻololi pinepine ʻia i ovipositors, a i ʻole e ko lākou waha waha. Hiki i ka pepelu, ka spider a me ka lāʻau ʻawelika ke hana i kahi ʻeha nui a i ʻole make paha. ʻO ka helu ʻo Dipterans no ka hapanui o nā nahu insect, ʻoiai ʻo hymenopterans ka helu o ka nui o nā ʻū. Ma waena o nā nahu spider arachnids a me nā nahu mite ka mea maʻamau. ʻE nahu a nahu aku paha ʻo Arthropods i nā kānaka no kekahi mau kumu e like me ka hānai ʻana a pale ʻana paha. ʻO nā Arthropods nā vibe nui o ka maʻi kanaka, me nā pathogens e lawe mau ʻia e nā nahu a kākaʻikahi ʻia e nā ʻū a i ʻole ka hoʻopili ʻē aʻe. ʻO kekahi hopena hopena maikaʻi ʻole ka hihia ʻana me ka hana pūʻali koa.
Arbovirus: ʻO Arbovirus kahi inoa informal no kēlā me kēia virus i lawe ʻia e nā vroproprop. ʻO ka huaʻōlelo arbovirus kahi huaʻōlelo portmanteau. Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Tibovirus i kekahi manawa e wehewehe kikoʻī i nā mea ʻino i lawe ʻia e nā ticks, kahi superorder ma waena o nā arthropods. Hiki i nā Arboviruses ke hoʻopili i nā holoholona a me nā mea kanu. I nā kānaka, ʻike ʻia nā ʻōuli o ka maʻi arbovirus i ka manawa he 3-15 mau lā ma hope o ke kū ʻana i ka maʻi a hala ʻekolu a ʻehā mau lā paha. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona maʻamau o ka maʻi ka maʻi fiva, maʻi ʻeha, a me ka malaise, akā hiki pū kekahi ka encephalitis a me ka maʻi hemorrhagic viral.
ʻO ganglion Supraesophageal: ʻO ka ganglion supraesophageal ka ʻāpana mua o ka arthropod a me (keu hoʻi) nā ʻōnaehana nūhou kikowaena. Loaʻa a hoʻoponopono i ka ʻike mai ka metameres mua, ʻelua, a me ke kolu. ʻO ka ganglion supraesophageal moe dorsal i ka esophagus a ʻekolu mau ʻāpana, kēlā me kēia pālua o kahi ganglia e ʻoi aku ai ʻole ka liʻiliʻi o ka haʻi ʻana, hoʻemi ʻia, a i ʻole fuse ʻia ma muli o ka genus:
ʻŌnaehana ʻōnaehana waena: ʻO ka ʻōnaehana ʻōnaehana waena ( CNS ) ka ʻāpana o ka ʻōnaehana hopohopo e pili nui ana i ka lolo a me ka iwi kuamoʻo. Ua kapa inoa ʻia ka CNS no ka mea hoʻopili ka lolo i ka ʻike i loaʻa a hoʻonohonoho a hoʻoikaika i ka hana o nā ʻāpana āpau o nā kino o nā holoholona simetrric bilaterally-ʻo ia hoʻi, nā holoholona multicellular āpau koe nā ʻanuʻu a me nā jellyfish. Loaʻa iā ia kahi nerve nui e holo mai ka mua a ka hope, me ka hopena o mua i hoʻonui ʻia i ka lolo. ʻAʻole nā ​​holoholona āpau me kahi ʻōnaehana waena i ka lolo, ʻoiai ka hapa nui.
Pest kaohi: ʻO ka kaohi Pest ka hoʻoponopono a hoʻokele paha o kahi laha i wehewehe ʻia ma ke ʻano he pest, he lālā o ke aupuni holoholona e loli maikaʻi i nā hana a ke kanaka. Aia ka pane a ke kanaka i ka nui o ka poino i hana ʻia a mai ke ahonui, ma o ka deter Lawrence a me ka hoʻokele ʻana, i nā hoʻāʻo e hoʻopau loa i ka pest. Hana ʻia paha nā hana hoʻomalu pest ma ke ʻano he mahele o ka hoʻolālā hoʻomalu pest hoʻohui pū.
ʻO ka wāwae Arthropod: ʻO ka wāwae arthropod kahi ʻano o ka hoʻohui hoʻohui o nā arthropods, hoʻohana mau ʻia no ka hele wāwae. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā huaʻōlelo i hoʻohana ʻia no nā ʻāpana o ka wāwae o ke aniani, no Latin ka kumu, a huikau paha me nā huaʻōlelo no ka iwi: coxa , trochanter , femur , tibia , tarsus , ischium , metatarsus , carpus , dactylus , patella .
ʻO ka cuticle Arthropod: Hoʻokumu ka cuticle i ka ʻāpana nui o ka integument o ka Arthropoda. Hoʻopili pū ia i ka hapa nui o nā mea o ka exoskeleton o nā kolo, Crustacea, Arachnida, a me Myriapoda.
Defensin Arthropod: ʻO nā Defensins Arthropod kahi proteins defensin ʻohana i loaʻa i nā mollusks, nā pepelu, a me nā arachnids. Ke hana nui nei kēia mau peptides antibacterial waiwai cysteine ​​waiwai kūʻē i nā koʻohune Gram-maikaʻi a me nā fungi in vitro. Eia nō naʻe ʻo ka lele ʻana o nā hua Drosophila mutant no ka lele lele ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi i ka maʻi e ka maʻi bacteria Gram-maikaʻi Providencia burhodogranariea , a kūʻē i ka maʻi kūʻē i nā maʻi bacteria Gram-maikaʻi e like me nā nalo ʻāhiu. E ʻike ʻia ka pili ʻana o ka hana in vitro i ka hana vivo. ʻO nā mutants no ka defensin-like antimicrobial peptide Drosomycin ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka fungi, e hōʻoia ana i kahi kuleana no nā peptide like defensin i ka pale anti-fungal.
ʻO Exoskeleton Arthropod: Uhi ʻia ʻo Arthropods me kahi integument paʻakikī, resilient a i ʻole exoskeleton o chitin. ʻO ka maʻa mau e loaʻa ka exoskeleton i nā wahi mānoanoa i ka mea e ikaika ai a paʻakikī ai hoʻi ka chitin e nā mea e like me nā minelala a i ʻole nā ​​protein paʻa. Hana kēia i nā ʻāpana o ke kino kahi e pono ai ka rigidity a i ʻole ka paʻa. ʻO ka mea maʻamau nā aniani mineral, ʻo ka hapa nui carbonate calcium, waiho ʻia i waena o nā chitin a me nā mole protein i kahi hana i kapa ʻia he biomineralization . Hoʻopili nā aniani a me nā olonā i kekahi i kekahi, nā minelala e hāʻawi ana i ka paʻakikī a me ke kūpaʻa ʻana i ke kaomi, ʻoiai e hāʻawi ka chitin i ka ikaika. Hana ʻia ka biomineralization ma crustacean; i nā mea kolo a me nā Arachnids nā mea hoʻoikaika i ka mea nui nā protein āpau i paʻakikī ʻia e ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā olonā i nā hana i kapa ʻia ʻo sclerotisation a kapa ʻia nā protein i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻo sclerotin . Hoʻokumu ʻehā mau sclerite i kahi apo a puni kēlā me kēia ʻāpana: kahi dorsal tergite, nā sternite ʻaoʻao a me kahi pleurite ventral.
ʻO ka maka o Arthropod: ʻO nā maka Apposition ka ʻano maʻamau o ka maka, a kuhi paha ka maka kūpuna o ka maka hui. Loaʻa lākou i nā hui arthropod āpau, ʻoiai ua ulu ʻoi aku lākou ma mua o hoʻokahi manawa i loko o kēia phylum. ʻO kekahi mau annelids a me nā bivalves he mau maka apposition kekahi. Loaʻa iā lākou e Limulus , ka pāpaʻi lio, a aia kekahi mau manaʻo e hoʻomohala i nā chelicerates ʻē aʻe i ko lākou mau maka maʻalahi e ka hōʻemi ʻana mai kahi hoʻomaka hoʻomaka. Ua ʻike ʻia kekahi mau ʻenuhe e ulu ana mai nā maka maʻalahi mai kahi ʻano ʻē aʻe.
ʻO ka maka o Arthropod: ʻO nā maka Apposition ka ʻano maʻamau o ka maka, a kuhi paha ka maka kūpuna o ka maka hui. Loaʻa lākou i nā hui arthropod āpau, ʻoiai ua ulu ʻoi aku lākou ma mua o hoʻokahi manawa i loko o kēia phylum. ʻO kekahi mau annelids a me nā bivalves he mau maka apposition kekahi. Loaʻa iā lākou e Limulus , ka pāpaʻi lio, a aia kekahi mau manaʻo e hoʻomohala i nā chelicerates ʻē aʻe i ko lākou mau maka maʻalahi e ka hōʻemi ʻana mai kahi hoʻomaka hoʻomaka. Ua ʻike ʻia kekahi mau ʻenuhe e ulu ana mai nā maka maʻalahi mai kahi ʻano ʻē aʻe.
ʻO ka wāwae Arthropod: ʻO ka wāwae arthropod kahi ʻano o ka hoʻohui hoʻohui o nā arthropods, hoʻohana mau ʻia no ka hele wāwae. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā huaʻōlelo i hoʻohana ʻia no nā ʻāpana o ka wāwae o ke aniani, no Latin ka kumu, a huikau paha me nā huaʻōlelo no ka iwi: coxa , trochanter , femur , tibia , tarsus , ischium , metatarsus , carpus , dactylus , patella .
Huina Arthropod: Ke arthropod nahā i mea he maopopo nahā i loko o ka arthropod wāwahie mooolelo hoʻohana ma o ka hoʻopaʻa 'ana i evolutionary kālaimeaola. Kū mau ia i ka wā mua o Carboniferous, kūlike a hoʻolōʻihi i ka hakahaka o Romer no nā tetrapods, i kumu ʻia e nā pae oxygen haʻahaʻa i ka lewa.
Pilikia poʻo poʻo Arthropod: ʻO ka pilikia o ke poʻo (pan) poʻo ʻōiwi kahi paio zoological lōʻihi e pili ana i ka haku ʻāpana o nā poʻo o nā hui like ʻole, a pehea e pili ai kekahi i kekahi. ʻOiai ke kuhi o ka hakakā i ka mōʻaukala kikoʻī o ka poʻo insect, ua hoʻonui ʻia e hoʻopili i nā mea ola e like me nā crustacea a me nā chelicerates; a me nā ʻano mōʻalihaku, e like me ka nui o nā arthropods i ʻike ʻia mai nā mālama manuahi ʻo Cambrian. ʻOiai ua hoʻokumu ʻia ke kumuhana ma ka papa ma muli o ka embryology insect, i loko o nā makahiki i hala aku nei ua loaʻa he nui o ka ikepili molaola hoʻomōhala. He ʻumi a ʻoi a ʻoi paha mau ʻano pane ʻē aʻe i ka pilikia, e hoʻomaka ana ma kahi o 1897, i paʻi ʻia, me nā makahiki he 2000.
Pilikia poʻo poʻo Arthropod: ʻO ka pilikia o ke poʻo (pan) poʻo ʻōiwi kahi paio zoological lōʻihi e pili ana i ka haku ʻāpana o nā poʻo o nā hui like ʻole, a pehea e pili ai kekahi i kekahi. ʻOiai ke kuhi o ka hakakā i ka mōʻaukala kikoʻī o ka poʻo insect, ua hoʻonui ʻia e hoʻopili i nā mea ola e like me nā crustacea a me nā chelicerates; a me nā ʻano mōʻalihaku, e like me ka nui o nā arthropods i ʻike ʻia mai nā mālama manuahi ʻo Cambrian. ʻOiai ua hoʻokumu ʻia ke kumuhana ma ka papa ma muli o ka embryology insect, i loko o nā makahiki i hala aku nei ua loaʻa he nui o ka ikepili molaola hoʻomōhala. He ʻumi a ʻoi a ʻoi paha mau ʻano pane ʻē aʻe i ka pilikia, e hoʻomaka ana ma kahi o 1897, i paʻi ʻia, me nā makahiki he 2000.
Homology (biology): I ka biology, like ka homology ma muli o ka moʻokūʻauhau i kaʻana like ma waena o nā pā o nā hanana a i ʻole nā ​​ʻāpana i nā ʻauhau ʻokoʻa. ʻO kahi laʻana maʻamau o nā hanana homologous ka forelimbs o vertebrates, kahi o nā ʻēheu o nā opeapea a me nā manu, nā lima o nā primates, nā ʻāpana mua o nā koholā a me nā forelegs o nā wāwae vertebrates ʻehā e like me nā ʻīlio a me nā crocodiles i loaʻa mai i ka tetrapod kūpuna like. hanana. Hoʻomaopopo ka biology evolution i nā hanana homologous i hoʻololi ʻia i nā kumu like ʻole e like me ka hopena o ka hanauna me ka hoʻololi ʻana mai kahi kūpuna maʻamau. Ua hoʻohana mua ʻia kēia huaʻōlelo i ka biology i loko o kahi pōʻaiapili ʻole e ka anatomist Richard Owen i ka makahiki 1843. na Pierre Belon ma 1555.
ʻO ka wāwae Arthropod: ʻO ka wāwae arthropod kahi ʻano o ka hoʻohui hoʻohui o nā arthropods, hoʻohana mau ʻia no ka hele wāwae. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā huaʻōlelo i hoʻohana ʻia no nā ʻāpana o ka wāwae o ke aniani, no Latin ka kumu, a huikau paha me nā huaʻōlelo no ka iwi: coxa , trochanter , femur , tibia , tarsus , ischium , metatarsus , carpus , dactylus , patella .
ʻO ka wāwae Arthropod: ʻO ka wāwae arthropod kahi ʻano o ka hoʻohui hoʻohui o nā arthropods, hoʻohana mau ʻia no ka hele wāwae. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā huaʻōlelo i hoʻohana ʻia no nā ʻāpana o ka wāwae o ke aniani, no Latin ka kumu, a huikau paha me nā huaʻōlelo no ka iwi: coxa , trochanter , femur , tibia , tarsus , ischium , metatarsus , carpus , dactylus , patella .
ʻO ka wāwae Arthropod: ʻO ka wāwae arthropod kahi ʻano o ka hoʻohui hoʻohui o nā arthropods, hoʻohana mau ʻia no ka hele wāwae. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā huaʻōlelo i hoʻohana ʻia no nā ʻāpana o ka wāwae o ke aniani, no Latin ka kumu, a huikau paha me nā huaʻōlelo no ka iwi: coxa , trochanter , femur , tibia , tarsus , ischium , metatarsus , carpus , dactylus , patella .
Mandible (ʻōlapa waha) ʻO ka mandible o ka arthropod kahi ʻāpana o nā waha waha i hoʻohana ʻia no ka nahu ʻana a i ʻole ke ʻoki ʻana a me ka paʻa ʻana i ka meaʻai. Kāhea ʻia nā Mandibles ma ke ʻano he mau ā. Aia nā Mandibles i ka subphyla Myriapoda e ola nei, Crustacea a me Hexapoda. Hana kēia mau hui i ka clade Mandibulata, ka mea i manaʻo ʻia i kēia manawa ʻo ka hui kaikuahine i ke koena o nā arthropods, ka clade Arachnomorpha.
ʻO Maxilla (ʻāpana waha waha): I nā arthropods, pili nā maxillae i nā hale i kū i ke poʻo ma ke ʻano he waha waha i nā lālā o ka clad Mandibulata, hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻāʻo ʻana a me ka hana ʻana i ka meaʻai. Embryologically, loaʻa ka maxillae mai ka ʻāpana 4 a me ka 5th o ke poʻo a me nā palp maxillary; Hoʻohui ʻia nā pākuʻi i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia mai ke kumu o ka maxilla e hōʻike ana i ka wāwae mua o kēlā mau ʻāpana. I ka hapanui o nā hihia, aia he mau pālua o ka maxillae a i nā hui arthropod like ʻole ua hoʻololi like ʻia nā pālua o ka maxillae. I nā crustacean, kapa ʻia ka lua mua ʻo maxillulae .
Pupa: ʻO ka pupa ke kahua ola o kekahi mau pepeke e hana ana i ka hoʻololi ma waena o nā pae makua a oʻo. ʻO nā kolo e hele ma waena o kahi pae pupal he holometabolous: hele lākou i ʻehā mau ʻāpana ʻokoʻa i ko lākou ola pōʻai, a ʻo nā pae o ia mau ʻano he hua manu, larva, pupa, a me imago. ʻO nā kaʻina hana o ke komo ʻana a me ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka pae pupal e kaohi ʻia e nā homone o ka insect, ʻo ia hoʻi ka hormone ʻōpio, prothoracicotropic hormone, a me ka ecdysone. ʻO ka hana o ka lilo ʻana i pupa i kapa ʻia ʻo pupation, a ʻo ka hana e kupu mai ana mai ka hihia pupil i kapa ʻia ʻo eclosion a i ʻole kū mai.
Nā waha waha: Ua loli ka waha o nā arthropod i mau ʻano, ua hoʻopili ʻia kēlā me kēia ʻano i kahi kaila ʻokoʻa a i ʻole ke ʻano o ka hānai ʻana. Hoʻohālikelike ka hapa nui o nā waha i nā hoʻopili ʻia i hoʻopili ʻia, a ʻo nā kūpuna i ʻike ʻia e like me nā wāwae ma mua o nā waha waha. Ma ka laulā, loaʻa i nā arthropods nā ʻāpana waha no ka ʻoki ʻana, ka nau ʻana, ka ʻū ʻana, ka omo ʻana, ka ʻoki ʻana, ka huki ʻana, a me ka kānana ʻana. Hōʻike kēia ʻatikala i nā mea maʻamau o nā hui ʻehā o ke aniani: nā pepelu, myriapods, crustacea a me chelicerates. Hoʻohana ʻia nā pepeke e like me ke kumu hoʻohālike, me nā waha waha waha o nā hui ʻē aʻe i hoʻolauna ʻia i ka huli. ʻAʻole nā ​​kolo, ke ʻano kūpuna o nā arthropods ʻē aʻe i kūkā ʻia ma aneʻi.
Nā waha waha: Ua loli ka waha o nā arthropod i mau ʻano, ua hoʻopili ʻia kēlā me kēia ʻano i kahi kaila ʻokoʻa a i ʻole ke ʻano o ka hānai ʻana. Hoʻohālikelike ka hapa nui o nā waha i nā hoʻopili ʻia i hoʻopili ʻia, a ʻo nā kūpuna i ʻike ʻia e like me nā wāwae ma mua o nā waha waha. Ma ka laulā, loaʻa i nā arthropods nā ʻāpana waha no ka ʻoki ʻana, ka nau ʻana, ka ʻū ʻana, ka omo ʻana, ka ʻoki ʻana, ka huki ʻana, a me ka kānana ʻana. Hōʻike kēia ʻatikala i nā mea maʻamau o nā hui ʻehā o ke aniani: nā pepelu, myriapods, crustacea a me chelicerates. Hoʻohana ʻia nā pepeke e like me ke kumu hoʻohālike, me nā waha waha waha o nā hui ʻē aʻe i hoʻolauna ʻia i ka huli. ʻAʻole nā ​​kolo, ke ʻano kūpuna o nā arthropods ʻē aʻe i kūkā ʻia ma aneʻi.
Exoskeleton: ʻO ka exoskeleton ka iwi iwaho e kākoʻo a pale i ke kino o kahi holoholona, ​​ʻokoʻa i ka iwi i loko (endoskeleton) o, no ka laʻana, he kanaka. I ka hoʻohana ʻana, ʻike ʻia kekahi o nā ʻano nui o nā exoskeletons ma ke ʻano he " pūpū ". ʻO nā laʻana o nā holoholona me nā exoskeletons e like me nā mea kolo e like me ka ʻūhū a me nā ʻāpā, a me nā crustacean e like me nā pāpaʻi a me nā ula, a me nā pūpū o kekahi mau hakahaka a me nā hui like ʻole o nā mollusc i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, e like me nā nīnū, nā pā, nā pūpū, nā chitons a me nāutilus . ʻO kekahi mau holoholona, ​​e like me ka honu a me ka honu, he endoskeleton a me kahi exoskeleton.
Pākuʻi ʻia ʻo Arthropod a me nā ʻūlū: ʻO nā laha he nui o nā arthropods maʻa mau a i kekahi mau manawa nahu a i ʻole nahu kanaka. Loaʻa i ka lawaiʻa insect nā anticoagulants a me nā enzymes e hoʻonāukiuki i nā kūloko a me nā hopena maʻi. Hiki i nā insect venoms ke hāʻawi ʻia e kā lākou stingers, i hoʻololi pinepine ʻia i ovipositors, a i ʻole e ko lākou waha waha. Hiki i ka pepelu, ka spider a me ka lāʻau ʻawelika ke hana i kahi ʻeha nui a i ʻole make paha. ʻO ka helu ʻo Dipterans no ka hapanui o nā nahu insect, ʻoiai ʻo hymenopterans ka helu o ka nui o nā ʻū. Ma waena o nā nahu spider arachnids a me nā nahu mite ka mea maʻamau. ʻE nahu a nahu aku paha ʻo Arthropods i nā kānaka no kekahi mau kumu e like me ka hānai ʻana a pale ʻana paha. ʻO nā Arthropods nā vibe nui o ka maʻi kanaka, me nā pathogens e lawe mau ʻia e nā nahu a kākaʻikahi ʻia e nā ʻū a i ʻole ka hoʻopili ʻē aʻe. ʻO kekahi hopena hopena maikaʻi ʻole ka hihia ʻana me ka hana pūʻali koa.
Pākuʻi ʻia ʻo Arthropod a me nā ʻūlū: ʻO nā laha he nui o nā arthropods maʻa mau a i kekahi mau manawa nahu a i ʻole nahu kanaka. Loaʻa i ka lawaiʻa insect nā anticoagulants a me nā enzymes e hoʻonāukiuki i nā kūloko a me nā hopena maʻi. Hiki i nā insect venoms ke hāʻawi ʻia e kā lākou stingers, i hoʻololi pinepine ʻia i ovipositors, a i ʻole e ko lākou waha waha. Hiki i ka pepelu, ka spider a me ka lāʻau ʻawelika ke hana i kahi ʻeha nui a i ʻole make paha. ʻO ka helu ʻo Dipterans no ka hapanui o nā nahu insect, ʻoiai ʻo hymenopterans ka helu o ka nui o nā ʻū. Ma waena o nā nahu spider arachnids a me nā nahu mite ka mea maʻamau. ʻE nahu a nahu aku paha ʻo Arthropods i nā kānaka no kekahi mau kumu e like me ka hānai ʻana a pale ʻana paha. ʻO nā Arthropods nā vibe nui o ka maʻi kanaka, me nā pathogens e lawe mau ʻia e nā nahu a kākaʻikahi ʻia e nā ʻū a i ʻole ka hoʻopili ʻē aʻe. ʻO kekahi hopena hopena maikaʻi ʻole ka hihia ʻana me ka hana pūʻali koa.
Stridulation: ʻO Stridulation kahi hana o ke kani ʻana e ka ʻānai ʻana i kekahi mau ʻāpana o ke kino. Pili kēia ʻano me nā pepeke, akā ʻike ʻia nā holoholona ʻē aʻe e hana pū i kēia, e like me nā ʻano iʻa, nāhesa a me nā nananana. ʻO ka ʻōnaehana ke ʻano o kēlā me kēia hanana me ka lehelehe i wehewehe pono ʻia, ka pali, a i ʻole nā ​​nodule e neʻe ʻia ana ma luna o kahi ʻili o finely-verged a i ʻole versa, a ke haʻalulu nei e like me ia, e like me ke kauō ʻana o kahi nila kuʻikuʻi phonograph ma o kahi vinyl record. I kekahi manawa ʻo ia ke ʻano e halihali nei i ka faila e kani ana e hana i ke kani, akā i nā hihia ʻē aʻe ʻo ia ke ʻano e halihali ana i ka scraper, me nā ʻano ʻelua i hiki i nā hui like. ʻO nā ʻōlelo onomatopoeic maʻamau no nā leo i hana ʻia e stridulation me ka chirp a me ka chirrup .
ʻO ka wāwae Arthropod: ʻO ka wāwae arthropod kahi ʻano o ka hoʻohui hoʻohui o nā arthropods, hoʻohana mau ʻia no ka hele wāwae. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā huaʻōlelo i hoʻohana ʻia no nā ʻāpana o ka wāwae o ke aniani, no Latin ka kumu, a huikau paha me nā huaʻōlelo no ka iwi: coxa , trochanter , femur , tibia , tarsus , ischium , metatarsus , carpus , dactylus , patella .
ʻO ka wāwae Arthropod: ʻO ka wāwae arthropod kahi ʻano o ka hoʻohui hoʻohui o nā arthropods, hoʻohana mau ʻia no ka hele wāwae. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā huaʻōlelo i hoʻohana ʻia no nā ʻāpana o ka wāwae o ke aniani, no Latin ka kumu, a huikau paha me nā huaʻōlelo no ka iwi: coxa , trochanter , femur , tibia , tarsus , ischium , metatarsus , carpus , dactylus , patella .
Lawe (ka lāʻau lapaʻau): I ka lāʻau lapaʻau, ke olakino lehulehu, a me ka biology, ʻo ka lawe ʻia ʻana ka hala ʻana o kahi pathogen e hiki ai i ka maʻi lele mai kahi mea hoʻokipa maʻi a hui paha i kekahi kanaka a i ʻole hui, me ka nānā ʻole inā ua maʻi ʻia kekahi kanaka ʻē aʻe. o nā microorganisms pololei mai kekahi kanaka a i kekahi e kekahi a ʻoi paha o kēia mau mea: hoʻoili mokulele Ka nui o ka huna <5 μm. ka hoʻoili ʻana o droplet - nā mea liʻiliʻi a pulu hoʻi e noho i ka lewa no kahi manawa pōkole. Kū pinepine ka hoʻohaumia i ke alo o ka mea hoʻokipa. Ka nui o ka huna> 5 μm. pili kino pololei pili kino ʻole hoʻoili fecal – waha - maʻamau mai nā lima holoi ʻole ʻia, nā meaʻai i hoʻohaumia ʻia a i ʻole nā ​​kumu wai ma muli o ka nele o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe, kahi ala lawe nui i nā pediatrics, nā lāʻau lapaʻau lāʻau a me nā ʻāina kūkulu.
ʻO ka wāwae Arthropod: ʻO ka wāwae arthropod kahi ʻano o ka hoʻohui hoʻohui o nā arthropods, hoʻohana mau ʻia no ka hele wāwae. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā huaʻōlelo i hoʻohana ʻia no nā ʻāpana o ka wāwae o ke aniani, no Latin ka kumu, a huikau paha me nā huaʻōlelo no ka iwi: coxa , trochanter , femur , tibia , tarsus , ischium , metatarsus , carpus , dactylus , patella .
Arthropod: He holoholona invertebrate nā kāwili uila i loaʻa kahi exoskeleton, kahi kino hoʻokaʻawale ʻia, a me nā pākuʻi i hui ʻia. Hoʻokumu ʻo Arthropods i ka phylum Euarthropoda , i hoʻopili ʻia me nā mea kolo, arachnids, myriapods, a me crustacean. ʻO ka huaʻōlelo ʻo Arthropoda e like me ka mea i noi mua ʻia e pili ana i kahi hui i hāpai ʻia o Euarthropods a me ka phylum Onychophora. Hoʻohanohano ʻia lākou e ko lākou mau lālā hui pū ʻia a me ka cuticle i hana ʻia i ka chitin, minerized pinepine ʻia me ka calcium carbonate. Aia nā papa o ke kino arthropod i nā ʻāpana, kēlā me kēia me nā pālua. I mea e ulu mau ai, pono lākou e hele i waena o ka moulting, kahi e hoʻokahe i ko lākou ʻili. He symmetrical bileterally nā Arthropods a loaʻa i ko lākou kino kahi iwi waho. He mau ʻeheu kekahi. He hui ʻokoʻa loa lākou, a hiki i ka 10 miliona mau ʻano.
Arthropod: He holoholona invertebrate nā kāwili uila i loaʻa kahi exoskeleton, kahi kino hoʻokaʻawale ʻia, a me nā pākuʻi i hui ʻia. Hoʻokumu ʻo Arthropods i ka phylum Euarthropoda , i hoʻopili ʻia me nā mea kolo, arachnids, myriapods, a me crustacean. ʻO ka huaʻōlelo ʻo Arthropoda e like me ka mea i noi mua ʻia e pili ana i kahi hui i hāpai ʻia o Euarthropods a me ka phylum Onychophora. Hoʻohanohano ʻia lākou e ko lākou mau lālā hui pū ʻia a me ka cuticle i hana ʻia i ka chitin, minerized pinepine ʻia me ka calcium carbonate. Aia nā papa o ke kino arthropod i nā ʻāpana, kēlā me kēia me nā pālua. I mea e ulu mau ai, pono lākou e hele i waena o ka moulting, kahi e hoʻokahe i ko lākou ʻili. He symmetrical bileterally nā Arthropods a loaʻa i ko lākou kino kahi iwi waho. He mau ʻeheu kekahi. He hui ʻokoʻa loa lākou, a hiki i ka 10 miliona mau ʻano.
ʻBepoe optic (arthropods): ʻO ka optic (al) lobe o nā arthropods kahi ʻano o ka protocerebrum e noho ana ma hope o ka maka o ke aniani a nona ke kuleana no ka hana ʻana i ka ʻike ʻike. Hana ʻia ʻekolu mau papa: Lamina (ganglionaris) kuleana no ka hoʻonui i ka hoʻonui ma o ka pāpā ʻana i ka ʻaoʻao Medulea neʻe i ke neʻe a hōʻike i ke ʻano o ka neʻe ʻana o ka neʻe. Loaʻa iā mākou nā mīkini ʻimi kūloko Lobula hoʻohui i ka ʻike mai nā wahi nui o ke kahua ʻike i nā abstract ʻike ʻike a me ka ʻike ʻana i ka mea Pā Lobula hihio kahua ākea
Arthropod: He holoholona invertebrate nā kāwili uila i loaʻa kahi exoskeleton, kahi kino hoʻokaʻawale ʻia, a me nā pākuʻi i hui ʻia. Hoʻokumu ʻo Arthropods i ka phylum Euarthropoda , i hoʻopili ʻia me nā mea kolo, arachnids, myriapods, a me crustacean. ʻO ka huaʻōlelo ʻo Arthropoda e like me ka mea i noi mua ʻia e pili ana i kahi hui i hāpai ʻia o Euarthropods a me ka phylum Onychophora. Hoʻohanohano ʻia lākou e ko lākou mau lālā hui pū ʻia a me ka cuticle i hana ʻia i ka chitin, minerized pinepine ʻia me ka calcium carbonate. Aia nā papa o ke kino arthropod i nā ʻāpana, kēlā me kēia me nā pālua. I mea e ulu mau ai, pono lākou e hele i waena o ka moulting, kahi e hoʻokahe i ko lākou ʻili. He symmetrical bileterally nā Arthropods a loaʻa i ko lākou kino kahi iwi waho. He mau ʻeheu kekahi. He hui ʻokoʻa loa lākou, a hiki i ka 10 miliona mau ʻano.
Arthropod: He holoholona invertebrate nā kāwili uila i loaʻa kahi exoskeleton, kahi kino hoʻokaʻawale ʻia, a me nā pākuʻi i hui ʻia. Hoʻokumu ʻo Arthropods i ka phylum Euarthropoda , i hoʻopili ʻia me nā mea kolo, arachnids, myriapods, a me crustacean. ʻO ka huaʻōlelo ʻo Arthropoda e like me ka mea i noi mua ʻia e pili ana i kahi hui i hāpai ʻia o Euarthropods a me ka phylum Onychophora. Hoʻohanohano ʻia lākou e ko lākou mau lālā hui pū ʻia a me ka cuticle i hana ʻia i ka chitin, minerized pinepine ʻia me ka calcium carbonate. Aia nā papa o ke kino arthropod i nā ʻāpana, kēlā me kēia me nā pālua. I mea e ulu mau ai, pono lākou e hele i waena o ka moulting, kahi e hoʻokahe i ko lākou ʻili. He symmetrical bileterally nā Arthropods a loaʻa i ko lākou kino kahi iwi waho. He mau ʻeheu kekahi. He hui ʻokoʻa loa lākou, a hiki i ka 10 miliona mau ʻano.
Arthropod: He holoholona invertebrate nā kāwili uila i loaʻa kahi exoskeleton, kahi kino hoʻokaʻawale ʻia, a me nā pākuʻi i hui ʻia. Hoʻokumu ʻo Arthropods i ka phylum Euarthropoda , i hoʻopili ʻia me nā mea kolo, arachnids, myriapods, a me crustacean. ʻO ka huaʻōlelo ʻo Arthropoda e like me ka mea i noi mua ʻia e pili ana i kahi hui i hāpai ʻia o Euarthropods a me ka phylum Onychophora. Hoʻohanohano ʻia lākou e ko lākou mau lālā hui pū ʻia a me ka cuticle i hana ʻia i ka chitin, minerized pinepine ʻia me ka calcium carbonate. Aia nā papa o ke kino arthropod i nā ʻāpana, kēlā me kēia me nā pālua. I mea e ulu mau ai, pono lākou e hele i waena o ka moulting, kahi e hoʻokahe i ko lākou ʻili. He symmetrical bileterally nā Arthropods a loaʻa i ko lākou kino kahi iwi waho. He mau ʻeheu kekahi. He hui ʻokoʻa loa lākou, a hiki i ka 10 miliona mau ʻano.
Arthropodium: ʻO Arthropodium kahi genus o nā mea kanu ulu mau i ka lālā Lomandroideae o ka ʻohana Asparagaceae. He ʻōiwi ia na Australia, New Zealand, New Caledonia a me Madagascar.
Thelionema caespitosum: ʻO Thelionema caespitosum , ka līlī lūlū a i ʻole lūlū līlū lūlū , kahi ʻano mea kanu o ka perennial, i hānau ʻia ma Australia. ʻO nā pua e like me nā līlia e polū, polū māmā, melemele keʻokeʻo a keʻokeʻo a he melemele nā ​​stamens.
Arthropodium cirratum: ʻO ka Arthropodium cirratum kekahi ʻano ulu o nā mea kanu ulu mauʻu , endemike i Nūhōlani , kahi i mahiʻai ʻia ai. Hoʻohana ʻia ia no ka lāʻau lapaʻau a me ka meaʻai, a he mea nui ka hōʻailona i ka moʻomeheu Māori kuʻuna.
Arthropodium cirratum: ʻO ka Arthropodium cirratum kekahi ʻano ulu o nā mea kanu ulu mauʻu , endemike i Nūhōlani , kahi i mahiʻai ʻia ai. Hoʻohana ʻia ia no ka lāʻau lapaʻau a me ka meaʻai, a he mea nui ka hōʻailona i ka moʻomeheu Māori kuʻuna.
Arthropodium milleflorum: ʻO Arthropodium milleflorum , ka līlia vanila pale , kahi ʻano ulu o nā mea kanu ulu mau i kū i ʻAukekulia. Kū ʻia ia i nā ʻano wahi like ʻole me nā wahi alpine a ulu aʻe ma waena o 0.3 a me 1.3 mika kiʻekiʻe a me 0.3 mau mika ākea. ʻAi ʻia nā kōpaʻa kūlohelohe e nā ʻōiwi Australians. He ʻala vanilla ikaika ka mea kanu, keu hoʻi e ʻike ʻia i nā lā mahana.
Ua hoʻoemi ʻia ʻo Arthropodium: ʻO karopropodium minus , ka līlia vanilla liʻiliʻi , kahi ʻano ia o nā mea kanu ulu mauʻu ʻōiwi i ka Hemisphere Hema. ʻImi ʻia e like me ka puʻu ʻōlū e like me ke aʻa e ʻai maka. Loaʻa i nā ʻano wahi like ʻole mai ke kapakai a i nā wahi alpine o ka hikina o Australia. ʻO nā ululāʻau ʻo Eucalyptus, nā ululāʻau a me nā lau nahele sub-alpine, makemake i nā wahi maloʻo ma mua o Arthropodium milleflorum .
Arthropodium milleflorum: ʻO Arthropodium milleflorum , ka līlia vanila pale , kahi ʻano ulu o nā mea kanu ulu mau i kū i ʻAukekulia. Kū ʻia ia i nā ʻano wahi like ʻole me nā wahi alpine a ulu aʻe ma waena o 0.3 a me 1.3 mika kiʻekiʻe a me 0.3 mau mika ākea. ʻAi ʻia nā kōpaʻa kūlohelohe e nā ʻōiwi Australians. He ʻala vanilla ikaika ka mea kanu, keu hoʻi e ʻike ʻia i nā lā mahana.
Arthropodium milleflorum: ʻO Arthropodium milleflorum , ka līlia vanila pale , kahi ʻano ulu o nā mea kanu ulu mau i kū i ʻAukekulia. Kū ʻia ia i nā ʻano wahi like ʻole me nā wahi alpine a ulu aʻe ma waena o 0.3 a me 1.3 mika kiʻekiʻe a me 0.3 mau mika ākea. ʻAi ʻia nā kōpaʻa kūlohelohe e nā ʻōiwi Australians. He ʻala vanilla ikaika ka mea kanu, keu hoʻi e ʻike ʻia i nā lā mahana.
ʻO Dichopogon koʻikoʻi: ʻO Dichopogon strictus , ka mea i ʻike pinepine ʻia ʻo ka lilia kokoleka , kahi ʻano mea kanu ulu mau i ulu ʻia ma Australia.
Arthropodology: ʻO ka artropodology kahi aʻo pilikino e pili ana i ke aʻo ʻana i nā arthropods, kahi phylum o nā holoholona e komo pū me nā mea kolo, arachnids, crustaceans a me nā mea ʻē aʻe i ʻike ʻia e ka loaʻa ʻana o nā lālā hui.
Arthropodology: ʻO ka artropodology kahi aʻo pilikino e pili ana i ke aʻo ʻana i nā arthropods, kahi phylum o nā holoholona e komo pū me nā mea kolo, arachnids, crustaceans a me nā mea ʻē aʻe i ʻike ʻia e ka loaʻa ʻana o nā lālā hui.
Arthropod: He holoholona invertebrate nā kāwili uila i loaʻa kahi exoskeleton, kahi kino hoʻokaʻawale ʻia, a me nā pākuʻi i hui ʻia. Hoʻokumu ʻo Arthropods i ka phylum Euarthropoda , i hoʻopili ʻia me nā mea kolo, arachnids, myriapods, a me crustacean. ʻO ka huaʻōlelo ʻo Arthropoda e like me ka mea i noi mua ʻia e pili ana i kahi hui i hāpai ʻia o Euarthropods a me ka phylum Onychophora. Hoʻohanohano ʻia lākou e ko lākou mau lālā hui pū ʻia a me ka cuticle i hana ʻia i ka chitin, minerized pinepine ʻia me ka calcium carbonate. Aia nā papa o ke kino arthropod i nā ʻāpana, kēlā me kēia me nā pālua. I mea e ulu mau ai, pono lākou e hele i waena o ka moulting, kahi e hoʻokahe i ko lākou ʻili. He symmetrical bileterally nā Arthropods a loaʻa i ko lākou kino kahi iwi waho. He mau ʻeheu kekahi. He hui ʻokoʻa loa lākou, a hiki i ka 10 miliona mau ʻano.
Pākuʻi ʻia nā Arthropods me nā sloths: Pili ka helu nui o nā arthropods me nā sloths . Pākuʻi ʻia kēia mau mea me ka lele ʻana o ka nalo a me ke koko e like me nā makika a me nā one, nā triatomine bugs, nā makika, nā kikiki a me nā mites. Hoʻokumu ka hulu o ka sloth i kahi micro-ecozone i noho ʻia e nā limu ʻōmaʻomaʻo a me nā haneli he nui. Loaʻa i kahi sloths kahi kaiāulu kikoʻī o nā beetles commensal, mites a me nā mu.
ʻO Arthropods i ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni: Hoʻohana ʻia nā Arthropods , nā pepelu a me nā arachnids nui, i loko o ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni e hana i ka makaʻu a me ka hoʻowahāwahā i nā kiʻi ʻoniʻoni a me ka pīhoihoi, a i ʻole he anthropomorphized a hoʻohana ʻia e like me nā mea aloha i nā kiʻi ʻoniʻoni o nā keiki animated. na naonao, nā nananana, nā ʻōpala, nā pāpaʻi a me nā butterflies.
Arthropods i ka moʻomeheu: He nui nā kuleana o ka Arthropods i ka moʻomeheu kanaka, ka nohona kanaka a me nā loina i nā kaiāulu kanaka i lawe ʻia ma o ka aʻo ʻana i ka nohona kanaka, e like me ka meaʻai, ka noʻeau, nā moʻolelo, a me nā kaʻao a me ka hoʻomana. ʻO ka hapa nui o kēia mau ʻaoʻao e pili ana i nā pepelu, nā mea nui o ka hoʻokele a me ka hōʻailona, ​​mai ka hana ʻana o nā meli i nā scarabs o ʻAigupita Kahiki. ʻO nā arthropods ʻē aʻe me ka waiwai moʻomeheu nā crustacean e like me nā pāpaʻi, nā ula, a me nā crayfish, nā mea i makemake nui ʻia i nā mea noʻeau, ʻo ia hoʻi nā ola mau, a me nā arachnids e like me nā nananana a me nā moʻo huelo ʻawa, nona nā lāʻau ʻona he lāʻau lapaʻau. ʻO ka pāpaʻi a me ka scorpion he hōʻailona hōʻailona o ka zodiac.
ʻO Arthropods i ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni: Hoʻohana ʻia nā Arthropods , nā pepelu a me nā arachnids nui, i loko o ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni e hana i ka makaʻu a me ka hoʻowahāwahā i nā kiʻi ʻoniʻoni a me ka pīhoihoi, a i ʻole he anthropomorphized a hoʻohana ʻia e like me nā mea aloha i nā kiʻi ʻoniʻoni o nā keiki animated. na naonao, nā nananana, nā ʻōpala, nā pāpaʻi a me nā butterflies.
ʻO Arthropogon: ʻO Genropogon kahi genus o ʻAmelika Hema a me Caribbean mea kanu pūʻulu i ka ʻohana mauʻu.
Equisetidae: ʻO Equisetidae kekahi o nā subclass ʻehā o Polypodiopsida (ferns), kahi hui o nā mea kanu vascular me kahi moʻolelo fossil e hoʻi i ka Devonian. ʻIʻike ʻia lākou he mau lio . Ulu lākou i nā wahi pulu, me nā lālā o ke kui kuʻi e like me ka nīnaninau i nā wā maʻamau mai kahi kumu kū hoʻokahi.
Arthropteris: ʻO Arthropteris kahi ʻano liʻiliʻi o nā ferns ma ka ʻohana Tectariaceae, e like me ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o ka Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group o 2016. Ua waiho ʻia ma nā ʻohana Oleandraceae a i ʻole Davalliaceae. He ʻōiwi maoli kēia genus ma Australia, ʻEulopa, ʻAsia a me ʻApelika. Ma kahi o 12 a 21 mau ʻano i manaʻo ʻia he ʻāpana o kēia genus. ʻO ka inoa ʻo Arthropteris mai ka Greek, ʻo ia hoʻi " ferned joint ", e kuhikuhi ana i ka ami ma ke kumu o ka petiole.
ʻO Arthropteris beckleri: ʻO Arthropteris beckleri kahi wao nahele ulu uʻi o ka genus Arthropteris ʻōiwi i ka hikina o Australia. ʻIke ʻia ia ma ke kūkulu ʻākau o Nowra, e ulu mau ana ma nā pōhaku a i ʻole mai nā kumulāʻau i nā wahi o ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe.
ʻO tenropropis tenella: ʻO Arthropteris tenella kahi wao kele ulu ulu o nā genus ʻo ʻAtropropteris ʻōiwi i ka hikina o Australia a me New Zealand.
ʻO Arthropterus: ʻO Arthropterus kahi ʻano o nā nalo i loko o ka ʻohana Carabidae, nona ka ʻano o kēia mau ʻano: ʻO Arthropterus abnormis ʻOke , 1932 ʻO Arthropterus adelaidae Macleay, 1873 ʻO Arthropterus ambitiosus Kolbe, 1924 ʻO Arthropterus angulatus Macleay, 1873 ʻO Arthropterus angulicornis Macleay, 1873 ʻO Arthropterus articularis Elston, 1919 ʻO Arthropterus bisinuatus Macleay, 1873 ʻO Arthropterus brevicollis Macleay, 1873 ʻO Arthropterus brevis Westwood, 1851 ʻO Arthropterus brunni Kolbe, 1924 ʻO Cerropterus cerapteroides Mjampberg, 1916 ʻO Arthropterus constricticeps Sloane, 1933 ʻO Arthropterus cribrosus Sloane, 1933 ʻO Arthropterus daemelianus Kolbe, 1924 ʻO Arthropterus darlingensis Macleay, 1873 Arthropterus denudatus (Westwood, 1850) ʻO Arthropterus depressus Macleay, 1873 Hoʻolaha ʻo Arthropterus Kolbe, 1924 ʻO Arthropterus diffus (Thomson, 1860) ʻO Arthropterus donovani Kolbe, 1924 ʻO Arthropterus elongatulus Macleay, 1871 ʻO Arthropterus eruditulus Kolbe, 1924 ʻO Arthropterus foveicollis Macleay, 1873 ʻO Arthropterus foveipennis Blackburn, 1892 ʻO Arthropterus fraternus Kolbe, 1924 ʻO Arthropterus geminus Kolbe, 1924 ʻO Arthropterus hirtus Macleay, 1873 Arthropterus hopei (Westwood, 1843) ʻO Arthropterus horni Kolbe, 1924 ʻO Arthropterus howittensis Masters, 1886 Arthropterus howittii Macleay, 1873 ʻO Arthropterus humeralis Macleay, 1873 ʻO Arthropterus insidiosus Kolbe, 1924 ʻO Arthropterus kingii Macleay, 1871 ʻO Arthropterus latipennis Macleay, 1873 ʻO limitropropusus Kolans , 1924 ʻO Arthropterus longicollis Sloane, 1933 ʻO Arthropterus macleayi (Donovan, 1805) ʻO Arthropterus mastersii Macleay, 1871 Arthropterus melbournei (Westwood, 1874) ʻO Arthropterus montanus Macleay, 1873 ʻO Arthropterus moretoni Kolbe, 1924 ʻO Arthropterus neglectus Lea, 1910 Negligterus negligens Kolbe, 1924 ʻO Arthropterus nigricornis Macleay, 1973 ʻO Arthropterus occidentalis Blackburn, 1892 ʻO Arthropterus odewahnii Macleay, 1873 ʻO Arthropterus ominosus Kolbe, 1924 ʻO Arthropterus ovicollis Macleay, 1873 ʻO Arthropterus pellax Kolbe, 1924 ʻO Arthropterus pervicax Kolbe, 1924 ʻO Arthropterus petax Kolbe, 1924 ʻO Arthropterus piceus (Westwood, 1838) Hoʻokū ʻo Arthropterus iā Macleay, 1873 ʻO Arthropterus planicornis Sloane, 1933 ʻO Arthropterus punctatissimus (Westwood, 1874) ʻO Arthropterus puncticollus Macleay, 1873 ʻO Arthropterus quadricollis (Westwood, 1874) ʻO Arthropterus queenslandiae Wasmann, 1926 ʻO Arthropterus riverinae Macleay, 1873A ʻO Arthropterus rockhamptonensis Macleay, 1873 ʻO Arthropterus schismaticus Kolbe, 1924 ʻO Arthropterus schroederi Kolbe, 1924 ʻO Arthropterus scutellaris Macleay, 1873 Ua haʻalele ʻo Arthropterus iā Kolbe, 1924 ʻO Arthropterus simiolus Kolbe, 1924 ʻO Arthropterus socius Kolbe, 1924 ʻO Arthropterus spadiceus Kolbe, 1924 ʻO Arthropterus sphinx Kolbe, 1924 ʻO Arthropterus subampliatus Macleay, 1873 ʻO Arthropterus subangulatus Kolbe, 1924 Arthropterus subsulcatus (Westwood, 1850) ʻO Arthropterus suspectus Kolbe, 1924 ʻO Arthropterus turneri Macleay, 1873 ʻO Arthropterus waterhousei Macleay, 1873 ʻO Arthropterus westwoodii Macleay, 1871 Arthropterus wilsoni (Westwood, 1850) ʻO Arthropterus wyanamattae Macleay, 1873
ʻO Arthropterygius: ʻO ka Arthropterygius kahi laha ākea o ka ophthalmosaurid ichthyosaur i noho ma Kanada, Nolewai, Rusia, a me ʻAtenaina mai ka wā hope loa o Jurassic a hiki i ka Cretaceous mua loa.
ʻO Arthropterygius: ʻO ka Arthropterygius kahi laha ākea o ka ophthalmosaurid ichthyosaur i noho ma Kanada, Nolewai, Rusia, a me ʻAtenaina mai ka wā hope loa o Jurassic a hiki i ka Cretaceous mua loa.
ʻO Arthropterygius: ʻO ka Arthropterygius kahi laha ākea o ka ophthalmosaurid ichthyosaur i noho ma Kanada, Nolewai, Rusia, a me ʻAtenaina mai ka wā hope loa o Jurassic a hiki i ka Cretaceous mua loa.
Kahului: Heʻuʻuku ʻo Trodobite i kahi trilobite makapō liʻiliʻi, kahi hui kaulana o nā ʻōpelu moana i make, i noho ai i ka wā o Ordovician, ma nā wahi ʻo Yukon Territories, Virginia, ʻItalia, Czech Republic, Polani, Denmark, Sweden, Svalbard, ʻIlani, Sekotia, Wales, ʻIrana, Kazakhstan a me Kina. ʻO ia kekahi o nā kauoha Agnostida hope loa e ola ai.
ʻO Arthrorhaphis: ʻO Arthrorhaphis kahi ʻano o nā fungi- lic fungus i ka ʻohana monotypic ʻo Arthrorhaphidaceae . He 13 mau laha. Ua kākau ʻia ke ʻano e Theodor Magnus Fries i ka makahiki 1860. Ua noi ʻia ka ʻohana e nā lichenologists ʻo Josef Poelt lāua ʻo Josef Hafellner i ka makahiki 1976 Ulu lākou me symbiotically me ka limu ʻōmaʻomaʻo, a i ʻole parasitically ma nā laikini ʻē aʻe. He ʻauhau ʻauhau maopopo ʻole ko ka ʻohana Arthrorhaphidaceae ma ka papa Lecanoromycetes; ʻo ia hoʻi, he incertae sedis me ka mahalo i ka hoʻonohonoho ordinal.
ʻO Arthrorhaphis: ʻO Arthrorhaphis kahi ʻano o nā fungi- lic fungus i ka ʻohana monotypic ʻo Arthrorhaphidaceae . He 13 mau laha. Ua kākau ʻia ke ʻano e Theodor Magnus Fries i ka makahiki 1860. Ua noi ʻia ka ʻohana e nā lichenologists ʻo Josef Poelt lāua ʻo Josef Hafellner i ka makahiki 1976 Ulu lākou me symbiotically me ka limu ʻōmaʻomaʻo, a i ʻole parasitically ma nā laikini ʻē aʻe. He ʻauhau ʻauhau maopopo ʻole ko ka ʻohana Arthrorhaphidaceae ma ka papa Lecanoromycetes; ʻo ia hoʻi, he incertae sedis me ka mahalo i ka hoʻonohonoho ordinal.
ʻO Arthrorhynchus: ʻO Arthrorhynchus ka genus o fungi i loko o ka ʻohana Laboulbeniaceae. Loaʻa i ka genus he 3 mau laha.
Albizia: ʻO Albizia kahi genus o nā mea he 160 a ʻoi aku ka nui o nā lāʻau subtropical a me nā tropical tropical e ulu nei a me nā kumulāʻau i ka suboso ʻohana Mimosoideae o ka ʻohana Fabaceae. He pantropical ka genus, e hana ʻia ma ʻAsia, ʻApelika, Madagascar, ʻAmelika a me ʻAukekulia, akā ʻo ka hapanui o nā Tropics Old World. I kekahi mau wahi, manaʻo ʻia kekahi mau ʻano nāhelehele.
Albizia pistaciifolia: ʻO Albizia pistaciifolia kahi ʻano mea kanu i ka ʻohana Fabaceae. Loaʻa ia ma Colombia, Ecuador, a me Venezuela.
Albizia pistaciifolia: ʻO Albizia pistaciifolia kahi ʻano mea kanu i ka ʻohana Fabaceae. Loaʻa ia ma Colombia, Ecuador, a me Venezuela.
Albizia inundata: ʻO Albizia inundata kahi kumulāʻau mau o ʻAmelika Hema. ʻO nā inoa maʻamau e pili pū ana me maloxo, muqum, paloflojo, timbo blanco, timbo-ata , a me "canafistula" ʻoiai e kuhikuhi mau kēia iā Cassia fistula .
Albizia inundata: ʻO Albizia inundata kahi kumulāʻau mau o ʻAmelika Hema. ʻO nā inoa maʻamau e pili pū ana me maloxo, muqum, paloflojo, timbo blanco, timbo-ata , a me "canafistula" ʻoiai e kuhikuhi mau kēia iā Cassia fistula .
Arthrosaura: ʻO Arthrosaura kahi ʻano o nā moʻo kahaha i ka ʻohana Gymnophthalmidae.
ʻO Yanomamia guianensis: ʻO Yanomamia guianensis kahi moʻo ʻAmelika Hema o ka ʻohana Gymnophthalmidae. Ua loaʻa wale ia i nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe ma ka mauna Ayanganna a me ka mauna Roraima ma ke komohana-waena ʻo Guyana.
Arthrosaura kockii: He ʻano moʻo ʻo Arthrosaura kockii i ka ʻohana Gymnophthalmidae. Loaʻa ia ma Suriname, Guiana Farani, a me Brazil.
ʻO Arthrosaura montigena: ʻO Arthrosaura montigena kahi ʻano o ka moʻo i loko o ka ʻohana Gymnophthalmidae. He hopena ia iā Venezuela.
ʻO Arthrosaura reticulata: ʻO Arthrosaura reticulata , ka arbelosaura melemele , kahi ʻano moʻo i ka ʻohana Gymnophthalmidae. Loaʻa ia ma Ecuador, Brazil, Venezuela, Guyana, Colombia, Peru, a me Bolivia.
ʻO Arthrosaura synaptolepis: ʻO Arthrosaura synaptolepis kahi ʻano moʻo i loko o ka ʻohana Gymnophthalmidae. ʻIke ʻia ia ma nā kuahiwi granite i nā ululāʻau tropical i Venezuela a me Brazil. ʻIke ʻia ʻo Donneisy's Arthrosaura.
Hōʻike Arthrosaura: He ʻano moʻo ʻo Arthrosaura testigensis ma ka ʻohana Gymnophthalmidae. He hopena ia i nā wahi mauʻu ʻo Venezuelan.
ʻO Arthrosaura tyleri: ʻO Arthrosaura tyleri kahi ʻano o ka moʻo i loko o ka ʻohana Gymnophthalmidae. ʻO ka laha i hopena i Venezuela.
Arthrosaura versteegii: He ʻano moʻo ʻo Arthrosaura versteegii ma ka ʻohana Gymnophthalmidae. ʻAiwi ʻōiwi kēia ʻano i ka ʻākau hikina o ʻAmelika Hema.
Arthroscopy (puke pai): ʻO Arthroscopy: ʻO ka Ka Nūpepa o Arthroscopic a me nā ʻoki pili e pili ana kahi puke pai lapaʻau i loiloi ʻia e nā hoa i hoʻokumu ʻia i 1985 a uhi i ka noiʻi e pili ana i ka hana haukapila a me ke kaha ʻoki kino liʻiliʻi. ʻO ia ka puke pai kūloko o ka Associationrosroscopy Association of North America. ʻO ka hana i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka puke pai e Imran sheikh a ʻo ka luna hoʻoponopono mua ʻo S. Ward Casscells, ka mea i kūleʻa ʻia i ka makahiki 1992 e Gary G. Poehling. I ka makahiki 2014 ua pani hakahaka ʻo James H. Lubowitz i ka haʻalele ʻana iā Dr. Poehling. ʻO kahi loiloi ākea ʻo Arthroscopy Technologies i ka paʻi puke pai puke e paʻi ana i nā wikiō loiloi ʻia e nā hoa.
Arthroscopy (puke pai): ʻO Arthroscopy: ʻO ka Ka Nūpepa o Arthroscopic a me nā ʻoki pili e pili ana kahi puke pai lapaʻau i loiloi ʻia e nā hoa i hoʻokumu ʻia i 1985 a uhi i ka noiʻi e pili ana i ka hana haukapila a me ke kaha ʻoki kino liʻiliʻi. ʻO ia ka puke pai kūloko o ka Associationrosroscopy Association of North America. ʻO ka hana i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka puke pai e Imran sheikh a ʻo ka luna hoʻoponopono mua ʻo S. Ward Casscells, ka mea i kūleʻa ʻia i ka makahiki 1992 e Gary G. Poehling. I ka makahiki 2014 ua pani hakahaka ʻo James H. Lubowitz i ka haʻalele ʻana iā Dr. Poehling. ʻO kahi loiloi ākea ʻo Arthroscopy Technologies i ka paʻi puke pai puke e paʻi ana i nā wikiō loiloi ʻia e nā hoa.
ʻO Arthroschista: ʻO Arthroschista kahi ʻano o nā moths o ka ʻohana Crambidae.
ʻO Arthroschista hilaralis: ʻO Arthroschista hilaralis , i ʻike ʻia ka kadam defoliator , he moth i loko o ka ʻohana Crambidae. Ua wehewehe ʻia e Francis Walker ma 1859. Loaʻa ia ma India, Sri Lanka, Burma, Cambodia, Sumatra, Borneo a ma Australia, kahi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ai mai Queensland.
ʻO Arthroschista hilaralis: ʻO Arthroschista hilaralis , i ʻike ʻia ka kadam defoliator , he moth i loko o ka ʻohana Crambidae. Ua wehewehe ʻia e Francis Walker ma 1859. Loaʻa ia ma India, Sri Lanka, Burma, Cambodia, Sumatra, Borneo a ma Australia, kahi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ai mai Queensland.
ʻO Tricoloralis ʻo Arthroschista: He moth ʻo Arthroschista tricoloralis ma ka ʻohana Crambidae. Ua wehewehe ʻia e Pagenstecher i ka makahiki 1888. Loaʻa ia ma Borneo.
Arthroscopy: ʻO ke ʻōpala ʻo Arthroscopy kahi hana ʻokiʻoki liʻiliʻi loa ma kahi ami kahi e ninaninau ʻia ai a i kekahi manawa e mālama ʻia ai ka poino e hoʻohana ʻia ana me ka arthroscope , kahi endoscope i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka ami ma o kahi ʻoki liʻiliʻi. Hiki ke hana i nā kaʻina hana Arthroscopic i ka hana hou ʻana o ACL.
Arthroscopy: ʻO ke ʻōpala ʻo Arthroscopy kahi hana ʻokiʻoki liʻiliʻi loa ma kahi ami kahi e ninaninau ʻia ai a i kekahi manawa e mālama ʻia ai ka poino e hoʻohana ʻia ana me ka arthroscope , kahi endoscope i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka ami ma o kahi ʻoki liʻiliʻi. Hiki ke hana i nā kaʻina hana Arthroscopic i ka hana hou ʻana o ACL.
ʻO ka lavage Arthroscopic: ʻO ka holoi ʻana a hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana paha i nā ʻike o loko o kahi āpau i kapa ʻia he loiloi ʻo Arthroscopic . ʻO Lavage kahi huaʻōlelo maʻamau e pili ana i ka holoi therapeutic, hoʻomaʻemaʻe a holoi paha.
Arthroscopy: ʻO ke ʻōpala ʻo Arthroscopy kahi hana ʻokiʻoki liʻiliʻi loa ma kahi ami kahi e ninaninau ʻia ai a i kekahi manawa e mālama ʻia ai ka poino e hoʻohana ʻia ana me ka arthroscope , kahi endoscope i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka ami ma o kahi ʻoki liʻiliʻi. Hiki ke hana i nā kaʻina hana Arthroscopic i ka hana hou ʻana o ACL.
Rotator cuff waimaka: ʻO kahi waimaka cuff haehae kahi ʻeha kahi kahi a ʻoi aku paha o nā uaua a i ʻole nā ​​mākala o ka rotator cuff o ka poʻohiwi i wāwahi ʻia. Pākuʻi ʻia paha nā ʻōuli me ka ʻeha o ka poʻohiwi, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka neʻe ʻana a i ʻole ka nāwaliwali. Hiki i kēia ke kaupalena i ka hiki i ka poʻe ke palaki i ko lākou lauoho a kau i ka lole. Hiki ke kaomi ʻia me ka neʻe o ka lima.
Arthroscopy: ʻO ke ʻōpala ʻo Arthroscopy kahi hana ʻokiʻoki liʻiliʻi loa ma kahi ami kahi e ninaninau ʻia ai a i kekahi manawa e mālama ʻia ai ka poino e hoʻohana ʻia ana me ka arthroscope , kahi endoscope i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka ami ma o kahi ʻoki liʻiliʻi. Hiki ke hana i nā kaʻina hana Arthroscopic i ka hana hou ʻana o ACL.
Arthroscopy: ʻO ke ʻōpala ʻo Arthroscopy kahi hana ʻokiʻoki liʻiliʻi loa ma kahi ami kahi e ninaninau ʻia ai a i kekahi manawa e mālama ʻia ai ka poino e hoʻohana ʻia ana me ka arthroscope , kahi endoscope i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka ami ma o kahi ʻoki liʻiliʻi. Hiki ke hana i nā kaʻina hana Arthroscopic i ka hana hou ʻana o ACL.
Arthroscopy: ʻO ke ʻōpala ʻo Arthroscopy kahi hana ʻokiʻoki liʻiliʻi loa ma kahi ami kahi e ninaninau ʻia ai a i kekahi manawa e mālama ʻia ai ka poino e hoʻohana ʻia ana me ka arthroscope , kahi endoscope i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka ami ma o kahi ʻoki liʻiliʻi. Hiki ke hana i nā kaʻina hana Arthroscopic i ka hana hou ʻana o ACL.
Arthroscopy: ʻO ke ʻōpala ʻo Arthroscopy kahi hana ʻokiʻoki liʻiliʻi loa ma kahi ami kahi e ninaninau ʻia ai a i kekahi manawa e mālama ʻia ai ka poino e hoʻohana ʻia ana me ka arthroscope , kahi endoscope i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka ami ma o kahi ʻoki liʻiliʻi. Hiki ke hana i nā kaʻina hana Arthroscopic i ka hana hou ʻana o ACL.
Arthroscopy (puke pai): ʻO Arthroscopy: ʻO ka Ka Nūpepa o Arthroscopic a me nā ʻoki pili e pili ana kahi puke pai lapaʻau i loiloi ʻia e nā hoa i hoʻokumu ʻia i 1985 a uhi i ka noiʻi e pili ana i ka hana haukapila a me ke kaha ʻoki kino liʻiliʻi. ʻO ia ka puke pai kūloko o ka Associationrosroscopy Association of North America. ʻO ka hana i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka puke pai e Imran sheikh a ʻo ka luna hoʻoponopono mua ʻo S. Ward Casscells, ka mea i kūleʻa ʻia i ka makahiki 1992 e Gary G. Poehling. I ka makahiki 2014 ua pani hakahaka ʻo James H. Lubowitz i ka haʻalele ʻana iā Dr. Poehling. ʻO kahi loiloi ākea ʻo Arthroscopy Technologies i ka paʻi puke pai puke e paʻi ana i nā wikiō loiloi ʻia e nā hoa.
Arthroscopy (puke pai): ʻO Arthroscopy: ʻO ka Ka Nūpepa o Arthroscopic a me nā ʻoki pili e pili ana kahi puke pai lapaʻau i loiloi ʻia e nā hoa i hoʻokumu ʻia i 1985 a uhi i ka noiʻi e pili ana i ka hana haukapila a me ke kaha ʻoki kino liʻiliʻi. ʻO ia ka puke pai kūloko o ka Associationrosroscopy Association of North America. ʻO ka hana i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka puke pai e Imran sheikh a ʻo ka luna hoʻoponopono mua ʻo S. Ward Casscells, ka mea i kūleʻa ʻia i ka makahiki 1992 e Gary G. Poehling. I ka makahiki 2014 ua pani hakahaka ʻo James H. Lubowitz i ka haʻalele ʻana iā Dr. Poehling. ʻO kahi loiloi ākea ʻo Arthroscopy Technologies i ka paʻi puke pai puke e paʻi ana i nā wikiō loiloi ʻia e nā hoa.
Arthroscopy (puke pai): ʻO Arthroscopy: ʻO ka Ka Nūpepa o Arthroscopic a me nā ʻoki pili e pili ana kahi puke pai lapaʻau i loiloi ʻia e nā hoa i hoʻokumu ʻia i 1985 a uhi i ka noiʻi e pili ana i ka hana haukapila a me ke kaha ʻoki kino liʻiliʻi. ʻO ia ka puke pai kūloko o ka Associationrosroscopy Association of North America. ʻO ka hana i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka puke pai e Imran sheikh a ʻo ka luna hoʻoponopono mua ʻo S. Ward Casscells, ka mea i kūleʻa ʻia i ka makahiki 1992 e Gary G. Poehling. I ka makahiki 2014 ua pani hakahaka ʻo James H. Lubowitz i ka haʻalele ʻana iā Dr. Poehling. ʻO kahi loiloi ākea ʻo Arthroscopy Technologies i ka paʻi puke pai puke e paʻi ana i nā wikiō loiloi ʻia e nā hoa.
ʻAhahui Arthroscopy o ʻAmelika Hema: ʻO ka ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa ʻo ʻAmelika Hema (AANA) he ʻaha kūkā i ʻae ʻia no ka hoʻomau ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau i ʻae ʻia e hoʻonohonoho e paipai, paipai, kākoʻo a hānai ma o ka hoʻomau ʻana i nā hana aʻo olakino, ka hoʻomohala ʻana a me ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ka ʻike i ke aʻo o ka ʻōpala. Hana ʻia kēia e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ʻike a me ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi a me nā ʻeha o ka ʻōnaehana musculo-skeletal.
Arthroscopy (puke pai): ʻO Arthroscopy: ʻO ka Ka Nūpepa o Arthroscopic a me nā ʻoki pili e pili ana kahi puke pai lapaʻau i loiloi ʻia e nā hoa i hoʻokumu ʻia i 1985 a uhi i ka noiʻi e pili ana i ka hana haukapila a me ke kaha ʻoki kino liʻiliʻi. ʻO ia ka puke pai kūloko o ka Associationrosroscopy Association of North America. ʻO ka hana i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka puke pai e Imran sheikh a ʻo ka luna hoʻoponopono mua ʻo S. Ward Casscells, ka mea i kūleʻa ʻia i ka makahiki 1992 e Gary G. Poehling. I ka makahiki 2014 ua pani hakahaka ʻo James H. Lubowitz i ka haʻalele ʻana iā Dr. Poehling. ʻO kahi loiloi ākea ʻo Arthroscopy Technologies i ka paʻi puke pai puke e paʻi ana i nā wikiō loiloi ʻia e nā hoa.
Arthroscopy (puke pai): ʻO Arthroscopy: ʻO ka Ka Nūpepa o Arthroscopic a me nā ʻoki pili e pili ana kahi puke pai lapaʻau i loiloi ʻia e nā hoa i hoʻokumu ʻia i 1985 a uhi i ka noiʻi e pili ana i ka hana haukapila a me ke kaha ʻoki kino liʻiliʻi. ʻO ia ka puke pai kūloko o ka Associationrosroscopy Association of North America. ʻO ka hana i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka puke pai e Imran sheikh a ʻo ka luna hoʻoponopono mua ʻo S. Ward Casscells, ka mea i kūleʻa ʻia i ka makahiki 1992 e Gary G. Poehling. I ka makahiki 2014 ua pani hakahaka ʻo James H. Lubowitz i ka haʻalele ʻana iā Dr. Poehling. ʻO kahi loiloi ākea ʻo Arthroscopy Technologies i ka paʻi puke pai puke e paʻi ana i nā wikiō loiloi ʻia e nā hoa.
Ecpleopus: ʻO Ecpleopus ke ʻano o ka moʻo i loko o ka ʻohana Gymnophthalmidae. Hoʻokahi wale nō ʻano o ka genus, ʻo Ecpleopus gaudichaudii , kahi hopena o Brazil.
Acianthera: ʻO Acianthera kahi ʻano o nā orchids maoli i nā ʻāpana tropical o ka Hemisphere Komohana, ʻo Brazil hoʻi. Ua wehewehe mua ʻia ia ma 1842 akā ʻaʻole i ʻike ākea a hiki i kēia manawa. Ua waiho ʻia ka hapa nui o nā laha ma lalo o Pleurothallis subgenus Acianthera . ʻO kēia hoʻokaʻawale kahi hopena o ke kaʻina ʻana o DNA.
ʻO Acianthera capillaris: ʻO Acianthera capillaris kahi ʻano o nā mea kanu orchid i hānau ʻia ma Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay, Venezuela, nā Venezuelan Antilles, a me nā Mokupuni Windward.
ʻO Acianthera duartei: He ʻano orchid ʻo Acianthera duartei .
ʻO Acianthera capillaris: ʻO Acianthera capillaris kahi ʻano o nā mea kanu orchid i hānau ʻia ma Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay, Venezuela, nā Venezuelan Antilles, a me nā Mokupuni Windward.