Arthrogryposis, Arthrogryposis, Arthrogryposis

Arthrogryposis: Arthrogryposis , ho'ākāka i ka congenital ami contracture i ʻelua a ʻoi paha mau wahi o ke kino. Loaʻa ʻia kona inoa mai Greek, ʻo ka manaʻo maoli "curving of ami".
Arthrogryposis: Arthrogryposis , ho'ākāka i ka congenital ami contracture i ʻelua a ʻoi paha mau wahi o ke kino. Loaʻa ʻia kona inoa mai Greek, ʻo ka manaʻo maoli "curving of ami".
Arthrogryposis: Arthrogryposis , ho'ākāka i ka congenital ami contracture i ʻelua a ʻoi paha mau wahi o ke kino. Loaʻa ʻia kona inoa mai Greek, ʻo ka manaʻo maoli "curving of ami".
Arthrogryposis: Arthrogryposis , ho'ākāka i ka congenital ami contracture i ʻelua a ʻoi paha mau wahi o ke kino. Loaʻa ʻia kona inoa mai Greek, ʻo ka manaʻo maoli "curving of ami".
Arthrogryposis: Arthrogryposis , ho'ākāka i ka congenital ami contracture i ʻelua a ʻoi paha mau wahi o ke kino. Loaʻa ʻia kona inoa mai Greek, ʻo ka manaʻo maoli "curving of ami".
Arthrogryposis: Arthrogryposis , ho'ākāka i ka congenital ami contracture i ʻelua a ʻoi paha mau wahi o ke kino. Loaʻa ʻia kona inoa mai Greek, ʻo ka manaʻo maoli "curving of ami".
Arthrogryposis: Arthrogryposis , ho'ākāka i ka congenital ami contracture i ʻelua a ʻoi paha mau wahi o ke kino. Loaʻa ʻia kona inoa mai Greek, ʻo ka manaʻo maoli "curving of ami".
Arthrogryposis: Arthrogryposis , ho'ākāka i ka congenital ami contracture i ʻelua a ʻoi paha mau wahi o ke kino. Loaʻa ʻia kona inoa mai Greek, ʻo ka manaʻo maoli "curving of ami".
Arthrogryposis: Arthrogryposis , ho'ākāka i ka congenital ami contracture i ʻelua a ʻoi paha mau wahi o ke kino. Loaʻa ʻia kona inoa mai Greek, ʻo ka manaʻo maoli "curving of ami".
Arthrogryposis – hōʻino kīnā ʻole – cholestasis maʻi: ʻO Arthrogryposis – disenal renal - cholestasis syndrome kahi ʻano cutaneus i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka hoʻololi i ka ʻaoʻao VPS33B. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā hihia i ola no ka wā pēpē. I kēia mau lā, ua hōʻike ke College of Medical Science ma Nepal i kahi hihia o ARC maʻi i loko o kahi kaikamahine i ka makahiki o 18 a ʻoi paha.
Arthrogryposis – hōʻino kīnā ʻole – cholestasis maʻi: ʻO Arthrogryposis – disenal renal - cholestasis syndrome kahi ʻano cutaneus i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka hoʻololi i ka ʻaoʻao VPS33B. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā hihia i ola no ka wā pēpē. I kēia mau lā, ua hōʻike ke College of Medical Science ma Nepal i kahi hihia o ARC maʻi i loko o kahi kaikamahine i ka makahiki o 18 a ʻoi paha.
Hemiptera: ʻO nā hemiptera a i ʻole nā ʻūpē ʻoiaʻiʻo kahi ʻoka o nā mea kolo e komo ana ma luna o 80,000 mau ʻano i loko o nā hui e like me nā cicadas, aphids, planthoppers, leafhoppers, bed bugs a me nā pale pale. Aia lākou i ka nui mai 1 mm (0.04 in) a i kahi o 15 cm (6 in), a kaʻana like i kahi hoʻonohonoho maʻamau o nā waha waha omo. ʻO ka inoa "bugs maoli" i kaupalena ʻia i ka suborder Heteroptera. ʻO nā kolo he nui i ʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he "pepeke", keu hoʻi i ka ʻōlelo Pelekania ʻAmelika, no nā kauoha ʻē aʻe; ʻo kahi laʻana, he lele ka lovebug a ʻo ka bug ʻo Mei a me ladybug nā beetles.
Hoʻololi Arthrokinetic: ʻO nā huaʻōlelo " arthrokinetic reflex " i haku ʻia e nā kānaka noiʻi lāʻau lapaʻau ma ke Kula Lapaʻau ʻo Ke Kulanui o Pittsburgh, ke keʻena ʻo Physiology, i ka makahiki 1956 e pili ana i ke ala e hiki ai i ka neʻe ʻana o ka hui ke hana me ka reflexively i ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā mākala.
ʻO Arthroleptella: ʻO Arthroleptella kahi ʻano o nā rana i ʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he moss frogs ma ka ʻohana Pyxicephalidae. ʻO nā laha he ʻumi o kēia genus he hopena ia i ʻApelika Hema.
ʻO Frog Moss Bainskloof: ʻO ka Frog Moss Bainskloof a i ʻole ʻo Bainskloof chirping frog kahi ʻano o nā rana i loko o ka ʻohana Pyxicephalidae. He hopena ia i ʻApelika Hema.
ʻO ka Frog Moss a Drewes: ʻO ka frog lumsi a Drewes kahi ʻano o ka rana i loko o ka ʻohana Pyxicephalidae. He hopena ia i ka Reserve Reserve ʻo Fernkloof a me nā wahi kokoke i ʻApelika Hema.
ʻO ka lepa moss a Hewitt: ʻO ka rana limahana a Hewitt , ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo Natal chirping frog a i ʻole ka rana bandit melemele , kahi ʻano o ka rana i loko o ka ʻohana Pyxicephalidae. Loaʻa ia ma nā kuahiwi ʻo Drakensberg o ʻApelika Hema, e like paha me Lesotho e pili ana.
Landdros lumaka palaka: ʻO ka frog Landdros moss kahi ʻano o nā rana ma ka ʻohana Pyxicephalidae.
ʻO ka Frog Moss o Lightfoot: ʻO ka palaka moss o Lightfoot a i ʻole ka Cape Mōkope moss kahi ʻano o nā rana i loko o ka ʻohana Pyxicephalidae. He hopena ia no ʻApelika Hema. ʻO kona mau wahi kūlohelohe he ululāʻau ululāʻau, nā mea kanu ululāʻau ʻo Mediterranean, a me nā muliwai. Hoʻoweliweli ʻia ia e ka nalowale o ka nohona.
ʻO ka Frog Moss o Lightfoot: ʻO ka palaka moss o Lightfoot a i ʻole ka Cape Mōkope moss kahi ʻano o nā rana i loko o ka ʻohana Pyxicephalidae. He hopena ia no ʻApelika Hema. ʻO kona mau wahi kūlohelohe he ululāʻau ululāʻau, nā mea kanu ululāʻau ʻo Mediterranean, a me nā muliwai. Hoʻoweliweli ʻia ia e ka nalowale o ka nohona.
Anhydrophryne ngongoniensis: ʻO Anhydrophryne ngongoniensis , ka Ngongoni moss frog , Natal bandit frog , a mistbelt chirping frog , kahi ʻano o ka rana i loko o ka ʻohana Pyxicephalidae. He hopena ia i ʻApelika Hema.
ʻO Arthroleptella rugosa: ʻO Arthroleptella rugosa kahi ʻano o nā rana ma ka ʻohana Pyxicephalidae. He hopena ia i ʻApelika Hema a ʻike wale ʻia mai ka Klein Swartberg Mountain, kahi inselberg kokoke i Caledon, Western Cape. ʻO ka inoa kikoʻī rugosa ka Lākina no ka wrinkled a i ʻole ke kolohe a kuhikuhi i ka helehelena paʻakikī o kēia ʻano a me kāna kāhea hoʻolaha leo kūoʻo. No laila, ua ʻōlelo ʻia no ka frog lumo inoa maʻamau .
Subvoce ʻo Arthroleptella: ʻO kā Subroleptella subvoce kahi ʻano o nā rana ma ka ʻohana Pyxicephalidae. He hopena ia i ʻApelika Hema a ʻike wale ʻia mai ka Groot Winterhoek Wilderness Area, Western Cape. Ua haku ʻia nona ka inoa o ka rana lumina akau . ʻO ka subvoce inoa kikoʻī he Lākina no "ma lalo o ka leo" a pili i ke kāhea hoʻolaha kāne kāne pio loa o kēia rana.
ʻO Frog's moss frog: ʻO ka frog lumsi a De Villiers kahi ʻano lōkahi o ka rana i loko o ka ʻohana Pyxicephalidae, kahi hopena o ka Western Cape, ʻApelika Hema. Ma kahi o 22 mm (0.87 i) ka lōʻihi, ʻo ia kekahi o nā lāhui liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ka rana micro.
ʻO Arthroleptidae: ʻO ka Arthroleptidae kahi ʻohana o nā rana i loaʻa ma ʻApelika sub-Saharan. Hoʻopili kēia pūʻulu i nā kumu lāʻau ʻApelika i loko o ka genus Leptopelis me nā mea hoʻouluulu ʻāina terrestrial ʻo Arthroleptis , a me kekahi mau genera i kaupalena ʻia i nā ulu lāʻau Guinean o ke kikowaena a me ke komohana o ʻApelika, e like me ka rana huluhulu (Trichobatrachus) .
Arthroleptides: ʻO Arthroleptides kahi ʻano liʻiliʻi o nā rana ma ka ʻohana Petropedetidae. ʻO nā rana muliwai pōhaku ko lākou inoa maʻamau . Loaʻa lākou ma nā kuahiwi o ʻApelika Hikina. Ua manaʻo ʻia lākou no Petropedetes , kahi ma hope o ka hoʻoneʻe ʻia ʻana o ka Arthroleptides i kaupalena ʻia i Central Africa.
Kahua torrent's tog: ʻO Du Toit's torrent frog , ka Mt. ʻO ka lane kahawai ʻo Elgon , a i ʻole ka rana pōhaku ʻo Kenya he ʻano rana i loko o ka ʻohana Petropedetidae hopena i ka mauna Elgon ma Kenya; ʻaʻole i loaʻa ma ka ʻaoʻao Ugandan o ka mauna. ʻO ia kekahi o nā mea, pili pinepine ʻauhau ʻole ʻia, nā rana i kapa ʻia ʻo nā rana kahawai.
Usambara kahawai kahawai: ʻO ke kahakaha kahawai ʻo Usambara , i ʻike ʻia hoʻi ʻo ke kahawai kahawai ʻo Martienssen , a i ʻole ʻo Tanzania pōkā muliwai pōhaku , kahi ʻano o nā rana i loko o ka ʻohana Petropedetidae hopena i ke kuahiwi ʻo Usambara o Tanzania. ʻO ia kekahi o nā mea, pili pinepine ʻauhau ʻole ʻia, nā rana i kapa ʻia ʻo nā rana kahawai.
Kapu kahawai hema: ʻO ka rana kahawai hema kahi ʻano o nā rana i loko o ka ʻohana Petropedetidae endemic iā Tanzania, kahi i loaʻa ai ma nā mauna Uluguru, Udzungwa, a me Mahenge. Hiki i nā rana mai nā mauna ʻo Nguru ke kū i kahi ʻano i kapa ʻole ʻia.
ʻO Arthroleptidae: ʻO ka Arthroleptidae kahi ʻohana o nā rana i loaʻa ma ʻApelika sub-Saharan. Hoʻopili kēia pūʻulu i nā kumu lāʻau ʻApelika i loko o ka genus Leptopelis me nā mea hoʻouluulu ʻāina terrestrial ʻo Arthroleptis , a me kekahi mau genera i kaupalena ʻia i nā ulu lāʻau Guinean o ke kikowaena a me ke komohana o ʻApelika, e like me ka rana huluhulu (Trichobatrachus) .
Arthroleptis: ʻO Arthroleptis kahi ʻano o nā rana i loko o ka ʻohana Arthroleptidae i loaʻa ma tropical sub-Saharan Africa. ʻO kā lākou mau inoa maʻamau i nā rana screeching , i kekahi manawa maʻalahi ka ʻūlū .
ʻO adrolphis Arthroleptis: ʻO Arthroleptis adelphus kahi ʻano o ka rana i loko o ka ʻohana Arthroleptidae i loaʻa ma ka ʻaoʻao equatorial komohana o ʻApelika ma ka hema o Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, a me Gabon, a ma ke komohana hema o ʻApelika ʻApelika Waena a me ka ʻaoʻao komohana ʻākau o Kongo.
ʻO Arthroleptis adolfifriederici: ʻO Arthroleptis adolfifriederici kahi ʻano o nā rana ma ka ʻohana Arthroleptidae. Loaʻa ia ma ka Lepupalika Kemokalaka hikina o Kongo, Rwanda, Burundi, a me Uganda. Ua haku ʻia kekahi mau inoa maʻamau no ia, e laʻa me Rugege Forest squeaker , Rugegewald squeaker , Adolf Friedrich's squeaker frog , a me Adolf's squeaker .
ʻO Arthroleptis adolfifriederici: ʻO Arthroleptis adolfifriederici kahi ʻano o nā rana ma ka ʻohana Arthroleptidae. Loaʻa ia ma ka Lepupalika Kemokalaka hikina o Kongo, Rwanda, Burundi, a me Uganda. Ua haku ʻia kekahi mau inoa maʻamau no ia, e laʻa me Rugege Forest squeaker , Rugegewald squeaker , Adolf Friedrich's squeaker frog , a me Adolf's squeaker .
Hōʻike ʻo Arthroleptis: He ʻano rana ʻo Arthroleptis affinis i loko o ka ʻohana Arthroleptidae. He hopena ia no Tanzania. ʻO kāna mau wahi kūlohelohe he subtropical a i ʻole tropical tropic nahele ulu, subtropical a tropical tropical Montane Forest, subtropical or tropical high-altitude grassland, swamp, arable land, pastureland , nā māla, nā māla kua'āina, hoʻohaʻahaʻa nui i ka nahele kahiko, a hoʻolauna i nā mea kanu.
ʻO Arthroleptis aureoli: ʻO Arthroleptis aureoli , ka mea i ʻike ʻia ʻo ka Freetown lōʻihi manamana lōʻihi a i ʻole Mount Aureol squeaker , kahi ʻano o nā rana i loko o ka ʻohana Arthroleptidae. Loaʻa ia ma ka Freetown Peninsula, Sierra Leone, a ma ka ʻākau ʻo Sierra Leone a i loko o Guinea pili.
ʻO Arthroleptis bivittatus: ʻO Arthroleptis bivittatus kahi ʻano o nā rana ma ka ʻohana Arthroleptidae. He hopena ia i Guinea a ʻike wale ʻia mai ka holotype i hōʻiliʻili ʻia mai ka mokupuni ʻo Tombo. ʻAʻole maopopo inā he ʻokoʻa kēia ʻano mai ka Arthroleptis poecilonotus maʻamau. ʻO ka inoa maʻamau ʻo Tumbo-Insel screeching frog i hana ʻia no kēia ʻano.
Nā brevipe o Arthroleptis: ʻO ka Christreptis brevipe kahi ʻano o ka rana ma ka ʻohana Arthroleptidae. Loaʻa ʻia ia ma Togo a me Ghana paha. ʻO kāna mau wahi kūlohelohe he subtropical a i ʻole tropical tropical nahele ulu a hoʻohaʻahaʻa nui i ka nahele mua.
ʻO Arthroleptis carquejai: ʻO Arthroleptis carquejai kahi ʻano o nā rana ma ka ʻohana Arthroleptidae. ʻIke ʻia ia me ka maopopo mai ka ʻākau komohana akau o Angola, akā aia kekahi moʻolelo hou mai Gabon mai. Inā pololei kēia, hiki i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana ke komo pū i nā wahi i komo i ka Repubalika o Kongo a me ka Lepupalika Kemokalaka o Kongo. Hoʻohanohano ka inoa kikoʻī carquejai iā Bento Carqueja, Polofesa Pukiki, mea kākau moʻolelo, a me philanthropist. Noi ʻia nā inoa maʻamau ʻo Cambondo screeching frog a me kā Carqueja squeaker nona.
Arthroleptis crusculum: ʻO Arthroleptis crusculum kahi ʻano o nā rana i loko o ka ʻohana Arthroleptidae. Loaʻa ia ma ka hema o Guinea, Liberia, Sierra Leone, a me Côte dʻIvoire, ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o 500-1,750 m (1,640-5,740 ft) ma luna o kaʻilikai.
ʻO Arthroleptis schubotzi: ʻO Arthroleptis schubotzi , ka mea i ʻike ʻia ʻo ka Burundi screeching frog , ʻo Schubotz's squeaker , a ʻo Kivu dwarf litter frog , kahi ʻano o nā rana ma ka ʻohana Arthroleptidae. Loaʻa ia ma ke awāwa ʻo Rift ʻApelika ma ka hikina o ka Lepupalika Kemokalaka o Kongo (Kivu), komohana hema o Tanzania, Burundi, Rwanda, a me Uganda komohana. Aia nā pilikia ʻauhau ma ka hoʻopau ʻana i kēia laha.
ʻO Arthroleptis schubotzi: ʻO Arthroleptis schubotzi , ka mea i ʻike ʻia ʻo ka Burundi screeching frog , ʻo Schubotz's squeaker , a ʻo Kivu dwarf litter frog , kahi ʻano o nā rana ma ka ʻohana Arthroleptidae. Loaʻa ia ma ke awāwa ʻo Rift ʻApelika ma ka hikina o ka Lepupalika Kemokalaka o Kongo (Kivu), komohana hema o Tanzania, Burundi, Rwanda, a me Uganda komohana. Aia nā pilikia ʻauhau ma ka hoʻopau ʻana i kēia laha.
ʻO Arthroleptis francei: ʻO Arthroleptis francei kahi ʻano o nā rana i loko o ka ʻohana Arthroleptidae. Loaʻa ia ma ka mauna Mulanje ma ka hema o Malawi a ma ka mauna Namuli a me ka mauna Mabu ma ka ʻākau o Mozambique. Pono nā moʻolelo mai ka Zomba Massif (Malawi) i ka hōʻoia. ʻO nā inoa maʻamau Ruo River screeching frog a me ko Farani squeaker i haku ʻia nona.
ʻO Arthroleptis hematogaster: ʻO Arthroleptis hematogaster kahi ʻano o nā rana ma ka ʻohana Arthroleptidae. He hopena ia i ka mauna kiʻekiʻe Itombwe a me Kabobo ma ka ʻaoʻao hikina o ka Lepupalika Kemokalaka o Kongo. Manaʻo ʻia e noho kēia ʻano laha liʻiliʻi i nā ululāʻau mokulele i nā kiʻekiʻe ma kahi o 2,350-2,400 m (7,710-7,870 ft) ma luna o ka ʻilikai.
ʻO lameerei Arthroleptis: ʻO Arthroleptis lameerei kahi ʻano o nā rana i loko o ka ʻohana Arthroleptidae. Loaʻa ia ma ka ʻākau hikina o Angola, ka hema hikina o ka Lepupalika Kemokalaka o Kongo, a me ke komohana ʻo Burundi, ʻoiai ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia ka pae kikoʻī. Aia kekahi kānalua inā he ʻokoʻa ia mai Arthroleptis xenochirus . Hoʻohanohano ka inoa kikoʻī ʻo lameerei iā Auguste Lameere, he entomologist Belgian. ʻO nā inoa maʻamau Lameere's squeaker , Lameer's squeaker , a me Katanga screeching frog i hana ʻia no kēia ʻano.
ʻO Arthroleptis alohaidgei: ʻO Arthroleptis loveridgei kahi ʻano o nā rana i loko o ka ʻohana Arthroleptidae. He hopena ia i ka Lepupalika Kemokalaka o Kongo a ʻike wale ʻia mai kona ʻano wahi, "Arebi (Uelé)", Ituri Province, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau hikina o ka ʻāina. Hoʻohanohano ka inoa alohaididei iā Arthur Loveridge, kahi herpetologist ʻAmelika. ʻO nā inoa maʻamau Loveridge's screeching frog a ʻo Loveridge's sogaking frog i hana ʻia no ia.
ʻO Tomopterna milletihorsini: ʻO Tomopterna milletihorsini , ka mea i ʻike pinepine ʻia ma ke ʻano he rana ʻo Mali , kahi ʻano o nā rana ma ka ʻohana Pyxicephalidae. He hopena ia no Mali kahi i ʻike ʻia mai kahi kokoke i Bamako a me Nara. Ua lawe ʻia kēia ʻano mai Arthroleptis i Tomopterna i ka makahiki 2008, ke waiho nei nō ke ʻano kahiko i kona inoa maʻamau.
ʻO Arthroleptis mossoensis: ʻO Arthroleptis mossoensis , ka Mosso screeching frog , kahi ʻano o nā rana ma ka ʻohana Arthroleptidae. He hopena ia i Burundi a ʻike wale ʻia mai kona ʻano wahi kokoke i Mosso ma Rutana Province, ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o 1,200 m (3,900 ft) ma luna o ka ʻilikai.
Nikeae Arthroleptis: ʻO Arthroleptis nikeae , i ʻike ʻia ʻo Nike squeaker , kahi ʻano o nā rana i loko o ka ʻohana Arthroleptidae. He hopena ia i ka Mafwemiro Reserve i nā Rubeho Mountains o Tanzania. Ua kapa ʻia ka inoa ma hope o ka mea mālama iā Nike Doggart, ka mea i loaʻa mua iā ia. Me ka iʻoi aku o ka snout – vent lōʻihi o 57 mm (2.2 in), aia ia i waena o ka nui o nā lāhui ʻo Arthroleptis .
Hoʻokiwikā ʻo Mount Nimba ʻO ka Mount Nimba screeching frog kahi ʻano o ka rana i loko o ka ʻohana ʻo Arthroleptidae. Hoʻopau ia ia Mount Richard-Molard ma Guinea, mai nā ululāʻau ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o 650 a 1,250 m. Hoʻoweliweli ʻia ia e ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa nohona mai nā hana mining.
ʻO nā phrynoides Arthroleptis: ʻO Arthroleptis phrynoides , ka Lomami screeching frog , kahi ʻano o ka rana i loko o ka ʻohana Arthroleptidae. He hopena ia i ka Lepupalika Kemokalaka o Kongo a ʻike wale ʻia ia mai kahi wahi ma Lomami kokoke i ka Teritori ʻo Lomela.
ʻO Arthroleptis poecilonotus: ʻO Arthroleptis poecilonotus kahi ʻano o nā rana i loko o ka ʻohana Arthroleptidae. He ākea ākea kēia ʻano loli i loko o ka Sub-Saharan ʻApelika a ʻaʻole i manaʻo ʻia he mea hoʻoweliweli.
ʻO Arthroleptis pyrrhoscelis: ʻO Arthroleptis pyrrhoscelis kahi ʻano o nā rana i loko o ka ʻohana Arthroleptidae. He hopena ia i ka mauna kiʻekiʻe Itombwe a me Kabobo ma ka ʻaoʻao hikina o ka Lepupalika Kemokalaka o Kongo. ʻO kona ʻano maoli he wahi mauʻu ʻo Montane. He ʻano laha paha ia.
ʻO Rexheihei: He ʻano rana ʻo Arthroleptis reichei i loko o ka ʻohana Arthroleptidae. Loaʻa ia i nā mauna o ka hikina a me ka hema o Tanzania a me ka ʻākau o Malawi. He mau inoa vernacular kona: Porog screeching Frog , nui-toad squeaker , Poroto Mountains screeching frog , a Reiche's squeaker . Hoʻohanohano ka inoa kikoʻī ʻo reichei iā Karl Friedrich Reiche, kahi mea kanu huaʻāina Kelemania.
ʻO Arthroleptis schubotzi: ʻO Arthroleptis schubotzi , ka mea i ʻike ʻia ʻo ka Burundi screeching frog , ʻo Schubotz's squeaker , a ʻo Kivu dwarf litter frog , kahi ʻano o nā rana ma ka ʻohana Arthroleptidae. Loaʻa ia ma ke awāwa ʻo Rift ʻApelika ma ka hikina o ka Lepupalika Kemokalaka o Kongo (Kivu), komohana hema o Tanzania, Burundi, Rwanda, a me Uganda komohana. Aia nā pilikia ʻauhau ma ka hoʻopau ʻana i kēia laha.
ʻO Arthroleptis spinalis: ʻO Arthroleptis spinalis , ka Tanganyika screeching frog , kahi ʻano o ka rana i loko o ka ʻohana Arthroleptidae. He hopena ia i ke kai komohana o Lake Tanganyika ma ka Lepupalika Kemokalaka o Kongo.
Squeaker maʻamau: ʻO ka Arthroleptis stenodactylus , ka ʻūlū maʻamau , ka dune squeaker , ka wāwae humus wawae wāwae , ʻo ka fran squeaking frog , a ʻo ka ʻūhā wāwae wāwae paha , kahi ʻano o ka rana ma ka ʻohana Arthroleptidae. Kū ākea ia ma Sub-Saharan ʻApelika a ʻike ʻia mai kahakai ʻo Kenya a me ka hikina a me Tanzania hema, hema a hiki i Malawi a me Mozambique a me ke komohana hema a hiki i Zambia a me ka hema o ka Lepupalika Kemokalaka o Kongo a hiki i ke komohana o Angola, ʻĀkau ʻo Botswana, Zimbabwe, a me ʻĀkau Hema o ʻApelika Hema. . ʻO kahi heluna kanaka kaʻawale ma Uganda e hōʻike ana i kahi ʻano ʻē aʻe, a he hiki i ka ʻāpana o kēia manawa ke hoʻopili me nā ʻano cryptic hou.
ʻO Arthroleptis sylvaticus: ʻO Arthroleptis sylvaticus kahi ʻano o nā rana i loko o ka ʻohana Arthroleptidae i loaʻa ma Cameroon, Lepupalika ʻApelika Waena, Lepupalika o Kongo, Lepupalika Kemokalaka o Kongo, a me Gabon, a ʻo Equatorial Guinea paha me Nigeria. ʻO kona wahi noho maoli he subtropical a i ʻole tropical tropika nahele ulu. Hoʻoweliweli ʻia ia e ka nalo ʻana o ka nohona.
ʻO Arthroleptis sylvaticus: ʻO Arthroleptis sylvaticus kahi ʻano o nā rana i loko o ka ʻohana Arthroleptidae i loaʻa ma Cameroon, Lepupalika ʻApelika Waena, Lepupalika o Kongo, Lepupalika Kemokalaka o Kongo, a me Gabon, a ʻo Equatorial Guinea paha me Nigeria. ʻO kona wahi noho maoli he subtropical a i ʻole tropical tropika nahele ulu. Hoʻoweliweli ʻia ia e ka nalo ʻana o ka nohona.
ʻO Arthroleptis taeniatus: ʻO Arthroleptis taeniatus kekahi ʻano o nā rana i loko o ka ʻohana Arthroleptidae. ʻIke ʻia ia ma ka hema o Cameroon, komohana hema o ʻApelika Waena, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Komohana Kemokalaka Repubalika o Kongo, a me Repubalika paha ʻo Kongo. Hiki iā ia ke hoʻoweliweli kūloko i ka nalowale ʻana o ka nohona. He mea maʻamau ia i nā ʻāpana o kona laulā.
ʻO Arthroleptis tanneri: ʻO Arthroleptis tanneri , ka tanzania screeching frog a i ʻole ko Tanner squeaker , kahi ʻano o nā rana i loko o ka ʻohana Arthroleptidae. He hopena ia i nā West Usambara Mountains ma ka hikina hikina o Tanzania; nā moʻolelo ma mua mai nā wahi ʻē aʻe e kuhikuhi i nā lāhui ʻē aʻe.
ʻEnekini Cave: ʻO ke kōkō o ke ana kahi ʻano o nā rana ma ka ʻohana Arthroleptidae. He hopena ia i ka Chimanimani Mountains ma Zimbabwe.
ʻO Arthroleptis tuberosus: ʻO Arthroleptis tuberosus kahi ʻano o nā rana ma ka ʻohana Arthroleptidae. Loaʻa ia ma Cameroon, Gabon, Repubalika o Kongo, a me ka Lepupalika Kemokalaka hikina o Kongo, ʻo ia paha ʻo Central Africa Republic. Hoʻoweliweli ʻia ia e ka nalowale ʻana o ka nohona no ka mahiʻai a me ke kālai lāʻau akā pale ʻia e ka Virunga National Park a me nā wahi pale ʻē aʻe paha.
ʻO Arthroleptis variabilis: ʻO Arthroleptis variabilis kahi ʻano o nā rana ma ka ʻohana Arthroleptidae. Loaʻa ia ma nā wahi haʻahaʻa o ka hikina o Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, ka Central African Republic, ka Repubalika o Kongo, a me ka Lepupalika Kemokalaka o Kongo. Mua mooolelo komohana mai Nigeria hoʻohuli i nā laha ', a me Arthroleptis krokosua hōʻike i ka 2008. Common inoa Buea screeching rana, a ee iaaanu aey squeaker rana i ua dala no ka mea.
ʻO Arthroleptis vercammeni: ʻO Arthroleptis vercammeni , i ʻike ʻia ʻo ka Mwana screeching frog a i ʻole ko Vercammen squeaker , kahi ʻano o nā rana ma ka ʻohana Arthroleptidae. He hopena ia i ka Lepupalika Kemokalaka hikina o Kongo a ʻike wale ʻia ia mai kona ʻano wahi ma Mwana i ka Teritori ʻo Mwenga, ka moku ʻo Kivu Hema. Hoʻohanohano ka inoa kikoʻī ʻo vercammeni iā Paul-Henry Vercammen-Grandjean, entomologist a me virologist mai Palani / Pelekiuma.
Bush squeaker: ʻO ka squeaker bush kahi ʻano o ka rana i loko o ka ʻohana Arthroleptidae. Loaʻa ia ma nā kahakai o ka hikina o ʻApelika Hema a ʻo Mozambique paha.
ʻO Arthroleptis xenochirus: ʻO ka frque squeaker a i ʻole Marimba screeching frog kahi ʻano rana i loko o ka ʻohana Arthroleptidae. Loaʻa ia ma Angola, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Malawi, a me Zambia, a aia paha ma Tanzania e pili kokoke ana. a me nā loʻi nahele. Hiki iā ia ke hana ma ka lihi o nā mea kanu a ma nā māla kaiāulu. He rana maʻamau ia i nā wahi noho kūpono, a ʻaʻohe mea hoʻoweliweli nui i kēia ʻano loli.
Pākuʻi Dwarf: ʻO Arthroleptis xenodactyloides , i ʻike ʻia ʻo ka dwarf squeaker a i ʻole Chirinda screeching frog , kahi ʻano o nā rana i loko o ka ʻohana Arthroleptidae. Loaʻa ia ma nā mauna hikina o Zimbabwe a me Malawi, waena o Mozambique, a me ka hikina ʻo Zambia ma ka ʻākau a hiki i ka hikina hikina o Tanzania a me nā puʻu ʻo Taita o Kenya; aia paha ia i loko o ka Lepupalika Kemokalaka Kemokalaka o Kongo. ʻO kona wahi noho maoli he mauhelehele haʻahaʻa a me montane, ulu lāʻau ulu, nā ʻāina mauʻu, a me nā poho. Hoʻoweliweli wale ʻia ia e ka nalowale o ka nohona.
ʻO Arthroleptis xenodactylus: ʻO Arthroleptis xenodactylus kahi ʻano o nā rana i loko o ka ʻohana Arthroleptidae. He hopena ia i ka hikina o Tanzania. ʻO kona wahi noho maoli he mau ʻāina kai papaha a me nā Montane kahi e ulu ai i ka lau lau, ma lalo o nā lāʻau, a me nā koʻi o nā lau maiʻa. He lāhui maʻamau ia e hoʻoweliweli ʻia e ka nalowale ʻana o ka nohona.
ʻO Arthroleptis zimmeri: ʻO Arthroleptis zimmeri , ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo Zimmer's screeching frog , kahi ʻano o nā rana i loko o ka ʻohana Arthroleptidae. He hopena ia iā Ghana, a ʻike wale ʻia ia mai kona ʻano wahi i Accra. Hoʻohanohano ka inoa kikoʻī zimmeri iā Carl Wilhelm Erich Zimmer, kahi mea hulihonua Kelemania.
Arthrolips: ʻO Arthrolips kahi ʻano o nā beetle hooded minuke i ka ʻohana Corylophidae. Aia ma mua o 20 mau ʻano i wehewehe ʻia ma Arthrolips .
Hoʻolaha ʻo Arthrolips: ʻO Arthrolips decolor kahi ʻano o ka nalo liʻiliʻi i uhi ʻia i ka ʻohana Corylophidae. Loaʻa ia ma ʻAmelike ʻĀkau.
Kahua: ʻO ka Arthrology ka ʻepekema e pili ana i ke aʻo ʻana i ka anatomy, ka hana, ka hana ʻole a me ka mālama ʻana i nā hono a me nā ʻōlelo.
Ischaemum: ʻO Ischaemum kahi ʻauhau ʻauhau kekahi o nā moʻokūʻauhau nui loa i loko o kahi ʻohana nui Andropogoneae no ka ʻohana mauʻu, ākea i nā wahi tropical a me semitropical i nā ʻāina he nui. ʻIke ʻia nā ʻano he nui he murainagrass .
Paracetamol: ʻO Paracetamol , ka mea i ʻike ʻia he acetaminophen , kahi lāʻau i hoʻohana ʻia e mālama ai i ke kuni a me ka ʻeha a me ka ʻeha kaulike. I kahi mahele lāʻau maʻamau, hoʻoliʻiliʻi iki ka paracetamol i ka mahana o ke kino; he haʻahaʻa ia i ka ibuprofen i kēlā ʻano, a maopopo ʻole nā ​​pōmaikaʻi o kāna hoʻohana ʻana no ka fiva. Hiki i ka Paracetamol ke hōʻoluʻolu i ka ʻeha i ka migraine mālie akahai akā i ka ʻehaʻeha episodic headache wale nō. Eia nō naʻe, kōkua ka hui aspirin / paracetamol / caffeine me nā kūlana ʻelua kahi e ʻoluʻolu ai ka ʻeha a koi ʻia ma ke ʻano he lālani mua no lākou. Maikaʻi ka Paracetamol no ka ʻeha ma hope o ke kaha, akā ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka ibuprofen. Hāʻawi ka hui paracetamol / ibuprofen i ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka ikaika a ʻoi aku ma mua o nā lāʻau ʻelua wale nō. Hāʻawi ka paracetamol relief pain i ka osteoarthritis liʻiliʻi a liʻiliʻi ʻole hoʻi. ʻO nā hōʻike i kona makemake no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻeha haʻahaʻa, ʻeha ka maʻi ʻaʻai a me ka ʻeha neuropathic.
ʻO Arthrolycosa: ʻO Arthrolycosa kahi ʻano make o nā arachnids, he nananana paha, i noho ma kahi o 300-250 miliona mau makahiki i hala.
Arthrolycosidae: He ʻohana make ʻole ʻo Arthrolycosidae o arachnids, a he mau punawelewele paha. ʻO nā fossil i hoʻonoho ʻia i loko o ka ʻohana i loaʻa i ka Carboniferous to Permian, 359 a 252 miliona mau makahiki i hala . Ua manaʻo ʻia e Alexander Petrunkevitch he "mesotheles", ʻo ia hoʻi i kau ʻia i ka subider spider Mesothelae. Eia naʻe, ua ʻōlelo ʻo Paul A. Selden he "ʻano nui wale o nā nananana" ko lākou, me nā ʻōpū i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia (opisthosomae), akā ʻaʻohe spinnerets paʻa. Ma ka liʻiliʻi o kekahi o nā hiʻohiʻona i kau ʻia i loko o ka ʻohana ma ka genus Arthrolycosa i manaʻo ʻia he kolo , ʻoiai ʻo Eocteniza "pilikia nui ma ke ʻano he nananana ."
Arthromastix: ʻO Arthromastix kahi genus o moths o ka ʻohana Crambidae. Hoʻokahi wale nō ʻano o loko, ʻo Arthromastix lauralis , i loaʻa ma ʻAmelika Waena , ʻAmelika Hema, a ʻo Dominican Republic a me Cuba.
Arthromastix: ʻO Arthromastix kahi genus o moths o ka ʻohana Crambidae. Hoʻokahi wale nō ʻano o loko, ʻo Arthromastix lauralis , i loaʻa ma ʻAmelika Waena , ʻAmelika Hema, a ʻo Dominican Republic a me Cuba.
Arthromelodes: ʻO Arthromelodes kahi ʻano o ka nalo e pili ana i ka ʻohana Rove Beetle .
Arthromelodes choui: ʻO Arthromelodes choui kahi ʻano o nā nalo e pili ana i ka ʻohana bevele rove. Ua hōʻiliʻili ʻia nā hiʻohiʻona mai Taitung ʻākau, Taiwan.
Arthromeris: ʻO Genromeris kahi ʻano o nā ferns ma ka ʻohana Polypodiaceae, subfamily Drynarioideae, e like me ka Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification o 2016 (PPG I).
ʻO Arthromeris elegans: ʻO Arthromeris elegans kahi ʻano o nā ferns ma ka lālā ʻohana ʻo Drynarioideae. Loaʻa ia ma Burma a me Kina.
Arthromeris mairei: ʻO Arthromeris mairei kahi ʻano fern ma ka genus Arthromeris .
ʻO Candidatus Arthromitus: ʻO Candidatus Arthromitus kahi hui o nā koʻohune filamentous morphologically ʻokoʻa i loaʻa ʻaneʻane wale nō i nā terrestrial arthropods. Ua ʻike mua ʻia lākou i loko o nā ʻōpū o nā ʻelala e Joseph Leidy. ʻOiai ke ʻano like o kā lākou morphological me Candidatus Savagella a i ʻole nā segment bacteria filamentous i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia, hana lākou i kahi moʻokūʻauhau ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka Lachnospiraceae.
Arthromyces: ʻO Genromyces kahi ʻano o nā fungi ma ka ʻohana Lyophyllaceae. Loaʻa i ka genus ʻelua mau ʻano i loaʻa ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.
ʻO Arthromygalidae: ʻO ka Arthromygalidae kahi ʻohana make ʻole o nā arachnids, a he mau kolo paha. ʻO nā fossil i hoʻonoho ʻia i loko o ka ʻohana i loaʻa i ka Carboniferous, 359 a 299 miliona mau makahiki i hala . Ua manaʻo ʻia e Alexander Petrunkevitch he "mesotheles", ʻo ia hoʻi i kau ʻia i ka subider spider Mesothelae. Ua hoʻohana ʻo Petrunkevitch i ka ʻohana no nā fossil Carboniferous āna i manaʻo ai he mesotheles akā ua nele nā ​​maka. Ua hōʻike ʻo Paul A. Selden i nā hiʻohiʻona fossil wale nō i "ke ʻano laulā o nā nananana", me nā ʻōpū i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia (opisthosomae), akā ʻaʻohe spinnerets paʻa.
Psoriatic arthritis: ʻO ka psoriatic arthritis kahi maʻi lōlō lōʻihi e kū i nā poʻe i pā ʻia e ka maʻi maʻi autoimmune. ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o ka psoriatic arthritis ka pehu o nā manamana lima āpau a me nā manamana wāwae me kahi ʻano sausage. Hana pinepine kēia i ka hui pū ʻana me nā loli i nā kui kuʻi e like me nā kaumaha liʻiliʻi i ke kui (pitting), ka mānoanoa o nā kui, a me ka hemo ʻana o ke kui mai ka kui. Hoʻololi ka ʻili i kūlike me ka psoriasis pinepine ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka psoriatic arthritis akā hiki i ka psoriatic arthritis ke hele i mua o ka wikiwiki ma 15% o nā mea i hoʻopilikia ʻia. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ia ma ke ʻano he spondyloarthropathy seronegative.
Arthropathy: ʻO kahi arthropathy kahi maʻi o kahi ami.
Arthropathy: ʻO kahi arthropathy kahi maʻi o kahi ami.
ʻO Arthropeas: ʻO Arthropeas ka pūnana o nā nalo ma ka ʻohana Xylophagidae. Aia ma kahi o 2 mau ʻano i wehewehe ʻia ma Arthropeas .
ʻAmelika ʻAmelika: ʻO Arthropeas americana kahi ʻano lele i loko o ka ʻohana Xylophagidae.
Arthropeina: ʻO Arthropeina kahi ʻano lele i loko o ka ʻohana Xylomyidae, ʻo ka "lele koa lāʻau".
ʻO Arthropeina fulva: ʻO Arthropeina fulva kahi ʻano lele i loko o ka ʻohana Xylomyidae, lele ka "koa koa wahie".
ʻO Artropaga myriapodina: ʻO Arthrophaga myriapodina kahi hulu i loko o ka Entomophthorales e parasitizes ka millipedes Apheloria virginiensis corrugata , Boraria infesta , a me Nannaria sp. Piʻi maʻamau ka millipedes i kahi kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka make.
ʻO Arthrophyllum: ʻO Arthrophyllum kahi ʻano pau ʻole o nā mea kanu pua i ka ʻohana Araliaceae. Ua ʻike ʻia e ka hapanui o nā mea kākau a hiki i ka makahiki 2010, ke ʻano o nā ʻano 30 a pau i "komo" ʻia i loko o ka '' Polyscias '' subgenus Arthrophyllum.
Mahele ʻo Hypericum. ʻO Arthrophyllum: ʻO Arthrophyllum kekahi o nā ʻāpana 36 ma ka genus Hypericum . Loaʻa iā ia he 5 mau ʻano a me kona ʻano ʻano H. rupestre .
Oroxylum kuhikuhi: ʻO Oroxylum indicum kahi ʻano ulu mea ulu e pili ana i ka genus monotypic ʻo Oroxylum a me ka ʻohana Bignoniaceae, a ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia ka weliweli o ke aumoe , oroxylum , pua pū India , nā iwi haʻihaʻi , caper India , a lāʻau paha o Damocles . Hiki iā ia ke piʻi i kahi kiʻekiʻe o 18 mika (59 ft). Hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻāpana like ʻole o ka lāʻau i ka lāʻau kuʻuna.
ʻO Arthrophyllum montanum: ʻO Arthrophyllum montanum kahi ʻano mea kanu i loko o ka ʻohana Araliaceae. He kumu lāʻau ia no Peninsular Malaysia. Hoʻoweliweli ʻia e ka nalowale ʻana o kahi e noho ai.
ʻO Artrophyllum proliferum: ʻO Arthrophyllum proliferum kahi ʻano mea kanu i loko o ka ʻohana Araliaceae. He hopena ia iā Papua New Guinea.
ʻO ka Argarophyllum pulgarense: ʻO Arthrophyllum pulgarense kahi ʻano mea kanu i loko o ka ʻohana Araliaceae. He hopena ia i ka Philippines.
Oroxylum kuhikuhi: ʻO Oroxylum indicum kahi ʻano ulu mea ulu e pili ana i ka genus monotypic ʻo Oroxylum a me ka ʻohana Bignoniaceae, a ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia ka weliweli o ke aumoe , oroxylum , pua pū India , nā iwi haʻihaʻi , caper India , a lāʻau paha o Damocles . Hiki iā ia ke piʻi i kahi kiʻekiʻe o 18 mika (59 ft). Hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻāpana like ʻole o ka lāʻau i ka lāʻau kuʻuna.
Equisetidae: ʻO Equisetidae kekahi o nā subclass ʻehā o Polypodiopsida (ferns), kahi hui o nā mea kanu vascular me kahi moʻolelo fossil e hoʻi i ka Devonian. ʻIʻike ʻia lākou he mau lio . Ulu lākou i nā wahi pulu, me nā lālā o ke kui kuʻi e like me ka pā ʻana i nā wā maʻamau mai kahi kumu kū hoʻokahi.
Arthrophytum: ʻO Arthrophytum kahi ʻano o nā mea kanu pua e pili ana i ka ʻohana Amaranthaceae.
Nā Hanana: ʻO Arthropity kahi ʻano make o calamitacean equisetale. ʻO nā fossil petrified o Arthropitys bistriata , ka ʻano laha , hiki ke loaʻa ma Chemnitz petrified ulu lāʻau, Chemnitz, Kelemānia.
Nā Hanana: ʻO Arthropity kahi ʻano make o calamitacean equisetale. ʻO nā fossil petrified o Arthropitys bistriata , ka ʻano laha , hiki ke loaʻa ma Chemnitz petrified ulu lāʻau, Chemnitz, Kelemānia.
Nā Hanana: ʻO Arthropity kahi ʻano make o calamitacean equisetale. ʻO nā fossil petrified o Arthropitys bistriata , ka ʻano laha , hiki ke loaʻa ma Chemnitz petrified ulu lāʻau, Chemnitz, Kelemānia.
Nā Hanana: ʻO Arthropity kahi ʻano make o calamitacean equisetale. ʻO nā fossil petrified o Arthropitys bistriata , ka ʻano laha , hiki ke loaʻa ma Chemnitz petrified ulu lāʻau, Chemnitz, Kelemānia.
Nā Hanana: ʻO Arthropity kahi ʻano make o calamitacean equisetale. ʻO nā fossil petrified o Arthropitys bistriata , ka ʻano laha , hiki ke loaʻa ma Chemnitz petrified ulu lāʻau, Chemnitz, Kelemānia.
ʻO Arthroplasty: ʻO Arthroplasty kahi hana ʻoki lāʻau orthopedic kahi i pani ʻia, hoʻololi hou ʻia ka ʻaoʻao articular o kahi hui musculoskeletal, a i hoʻonohonoho ʻia paha e ka osteotomy a i ʻole nā ​​hana ʻē aʻe. He hana koho ia e hana ʻia e hōʻoluʻolu i ka ʻeha a hoʻihoʻi i ka hana i ka hui ma hope o ka hōʻino ʻia e ka arthritis a i ʻole kekahi ʻano trauma.
Hoʻololi hui: ʻO ka arthroplasty pani , a i ʻole ke ʻoki pani pani , kahi hana o ke ʻoki orthopedic kahi e pani ʻia ai kahi ʻāpana arthritic a i ʻole disunctional me kahi prostesis orthopedic. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia kahi pani pālua ma ke ʻano he lāʻau lapaʻau ke hōʻeha ʻole ʻia ka ʻeha ami ami a me ka hana hewa ʻole e nā mea hoʻomaʻamaʻa liʻiliʻi. ʻO ia kahi ʻano o ka arthroplasty, a hōʻike pinepine ʻia mai nā ʻano maʻi like ʻole, e like me ka osteoarthritis a me ka rheumatoid arthritis.
Hoʻololi Hip: ʻO ke kūpale Hip kahi hana ʻokiʻoki kahi e hoʻololi ʻia ai ka hui pūhaka e kahi implant prosthetic, ʻo ia hoʻi, kahi prosthesis hip . Hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia ke kīpoki pani Hip ma ke ʻano he pani kūloko a i ʻole hemi (hapalua) pani. Lawe pinepine ʻia ia ʻano ʻoki pani pani hakahaka e hoʻomaha ai i ka ʻeha o ke kuʻuna a i ʻole i kekahi mau haki haʻi. Hoʻohui kahi hakahaka āpau i ka acetabulum a me ke poʻo femoral ʻoiai ʻo hemiarthroplasty ka mea maʻamau i ke poʻo femoral. ʻO Hip hope kahi o nā hana orthopedic maʻamau, ʻoiai ʻo ka hōʻoluʻolu hoʻomanawanui pōkole a me ka wā lōʻihi loli ākea. Ma kahi o 58% o ka huina o nā hakahaka i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i manaʻo ʻia he 25 mau makahiki i hala. ʻO ke kumukūʻai maʻamau o ka huina o nā hip hope i 2012 he $ 40,364 ma United States, a ma kahi o $ 7,700 a $ 12,000 i ka hapanui o nā ʻāina ʻEulopa.
Hoʻololi kukuli: ʻO ke kuli ke kuli , ʻo ia hoʻi ka mea i ʻike ʻia ʻo ke kuli arthroplasty , kahi hana ʻoki e hoʻololi i nā ʻāpana kaumaha o ke kuli e hoʻomaha ai i ka ʻeha a me ke kīnā ʻole. Hana pinepine ʻia ia no ka osteoarthritis, a no nā maʻi kuli ʻē aʻe e like me ka rheumatoid arthritis a me ka psoriatic arthritis. I nā mea maʻi me ka deformity koʻikoʻi mai ka holomua rheumatoid arthritis, trauma, a i ʻole ke kū ʻana o ka osteoarthritis, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ke ʻoki a hāpai i ka makaʻu kiʻekiʻe. ʻAʻole kumu ʻo Osteoporosis i ka ʻeha o ke kuli, deformity, a i ʻole ka mumū a ʻaʻole ia he kumu e hana ai i ke kuli.
Arthroplea: ʻO Arthroplea kahi ʻano o nā mayflies pālahalaha i ka ʻohana Arthropleidae. Aia ma ka liʻiliʻi he ʻelua mau ʻano i wehewehe ʻia ma Arthroplea .
ʻO Artroplea bipunctata: ʻO Arthroplea bipunctata kahi ʻano o ka mayfly pālahalaha i loko o ka ʻohana Arthropleidae. Loaʻa ia ma ʻAmelike ʻĀkau.
Hoʻolaha ʻo Arthroplea: ʻO Arthroplea congener kahi ʻano o nā mayflies no ka ʻohana Heptageniidae.
Arthropleidae: ʻO Arthropleidae kahi ʻohana o nā mayflies pālahalaha i ke kauoha ʻo Ephemeroptera. Aia ma kahi o ʻelua mau moʻokūʻauhau, ua pau kekahi o lākou, i Arthropleidae.
Punahele: ʻO Springtails ( Collembola ) ka mea nui o nā kūʻauhau ʻekolu o nā hexapods o kēia manawa i manaʻo ʻole ʻia he ʻenemi. ʻOiai ua hui pū ʻia nā ʻekolu kauoha i kekahi papa i kapa ʻia ʻo Entognatha no ka mea he waha waha ko loko, ʻaʻole lākou i pili iki aku kekahi i kekahi ma mua o nā mea kolo āpau, nā waha waha o waho.
ʻO Arthropleura: ʻO Arthropleura kahi ʻano o nā arthropod millipede pau ʻole i noho ma ka ʻākau hikina o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me Skotlandia ma kahi o 345 a 295 miliona mau makahiki i hala aku nei, mai ka pae Viséan o ka wā Carboniferous haʻahaʻa a hiki i ka wā Asselian o ka wā Permian haʻahaʻa. ʻO ka laha o ka genus ka invertebrates ʻāina kaulana loa o nā manawa āpau, a inā he kakaikahi, inā he, nā mea ʻaihue.
ʻO Arthropleura: ʻO Arthropleura kahi ʻano o nā arthropod millipede pau ʻole i noho ma ka ʻākau hikina o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me Skotlandia ma kahi o 345 a 295 miliona mau makahiki i hala aku nei, mai ka pae Viséan o ka wā Carboniferous haʻahaʻa a hiki i ka wā Asselian o ka wā Permian haʻahaʻa. ʻO ka laha o ka genus ka invertebrates ʻāina kaulana loa o nā manawa āpau, a inā he kakaikahi, inā he, nā mea ʻaihue.
ʻO Arthropleura: ʻO Arthropleura kahi ʻano o nā arthropod millipede pau ʻole i noho ma ka ʻākau hikina o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me Skotlandia ma kahi o 345 a 295 miliona mau makahiki i hala aku nei, mai ka pae Viséan o ka wā Carboniferous haʻahaʻa a hiki i ka wā Asselian o ka wā Permian haʻahaʻa. ʻO ka laha o ka genus ka invertebrates ʻāina kaulana loa o nā manawa āpau, a inā he kakaikahi, inā he, nā mea ʻaihue.