Chlorodehydromethyltestosterone, 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-chloroamphetamine, 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-chloroamphetamine

Chlorodehydromethyltestolone: ʻO Chlorodehydromethyltestolone , ʻike ʻia ʻo 4-chloro-17β-hydroxy17α-methylandrosta-1,4-dien-3-one , kahi anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS). ʻO ia ka 4-chloro-substivied derivative o metandienone (dehydromethyltestosteron).
2,5-Dimethoxy-4-chloroamphetamine: 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-chloroamphetamine ( DOC ) kahi lāʻau psychedelic o nā phenethylamine a me nā papa kemika amphetamine. Ua hana mua ʻia paha e Alexander Shulgin, a ua wehewehe ʻia i loko o kāna puke ʻo PiHKAL .
2,5-Dimethoxy-4-chloroamphetamine: 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-chloroamphetamine ( DOC ) kahi lāʻau psychedelic o nā phenethylamine a me nā papa kemika amphetamine. Ua hana mua ʻia paha e Alexander Shulgin, a ua wehewehe ʻia i loko o kāna puke ʻo PiHKAL .
2C-C: ʻO 2C-C kahi lāʻau psychedelic o ka ʻohana 2C. Ua hana mua ʻia e Alexander Shulgin, i kekahi manawa hoʻohana ʻia me he entheogen. I loko o kāna puke PiHKAL , Shulgin papa inoa i ka laulā maʻa like 20-40 mg. Lawe pinepine ʻia ʻo 2C-C ma ka waha, akā hiki nō paha ke insufflated. ʻO 2C-C ka papa kuhikuhi I o ka ʻāpana 202 (c) o ke Kānāwai Kūʻai Mana ʻia ma United States, i pūlima ʻia i kānāwai e like me Iulai, 2012 ma lalo o ke kānāwai palekana a me ka hana hou ʻana o ka Food and Drug Administration.
2,5-Dimethoxy-4-chloroamphetamine: 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-chloroamphetamine ( DOC ) kahi lāʻau psychedelic o nā phenethylamine a me nā papa kemika amphetamine. Ua hana mua ʻia paha e Alexander Shulgin, a ua wehewehe ʻia i loko o kāna puke ʻo PiHKAL .
2C-C: ʻO 2C-C kahi lāʻau psychedelic o ka ʻohana 2C. Ua hana mua ʻia e Alexander Shulgin, i kekahi manawa hoʻohana ʻia me he entheogen. I loko o kāna puke PiHKAL , Shulgin papa inoa i ka laulā maʻa like 20-40 mg. Lawe pinepine ʻia ʻo 2C-C ma ka waha, akā hiki nō paha ke insufflated. ʻO 2C-C ka papa kuhikuhi I o ka ʻāpana 202 (c) o ke Kānāwai Kūʻai Mana ʻia ma United States, i pūlima ʻia i kānāwai e like me Iulai, 2012 ma lalo o ke kānāwai palekana a me ka hana hou ʻana o ka Food and Drug Administration.
4-Chloro-o-toluidine: ʻO 4-Chloro- o -toluidine ( 4-COT , 4-chloro-2-methylaniline ) ka mea hui pū me ke ʻano CH 3 C 6 H 3 Cl (NH 2 ). He paʻa kala ʻole ia. Hana ʻia ka hui ma ke ʻano he waena waena o ka pesticide chlordimeform a me ka mua o kekahi mau make azo. Ua hōʻole ka hana ʻana ma hope o ka hōʻike ʻia ʻana he carcinogenic kiʻekiʻe.
MCPA: MCPA mea he ikaika, e wae, hoʻomano hoʻohana phenoxy herbicide. ʻO ka hui maʻemaʻe kahi pauka kala-ʻeleʻele. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ʻo MCPA i ka mahiʻai no ka mālama ʻana i ka mauʻu lau ākea ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻokele ulu ma nā wahi mahiʻai a me nā mea kanu cereal mai ka makahiki 1945. ʻO ke ʻano o ka hana a MCPA ma ke ʻano he auxin, he mau homone ulu ia i kū maoli i nā mea kanu. Hana ʻia ka noi overdose o MCPA ma ke ʻano he lāʻau make a me nā hopena i ka ulu pono ʻole.
Chloroxylenol: ʻO Chloroxylenol , ʻike ʻia ʻo para -chloro- meta -xylenol ( PCMX ), kahi antiseptic a me ka mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe i hoʻohana ʻia no ka disinfection o ka ʻili, a me ka waiʻona no ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe i nā mea ʻoki. Hoʻohana ʻia ia i loko o kahi mau disinfectants a me nā mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻeha. Manaʻo ʻia e hana ma ka hoʻohiehie ʻana i nā paia o nā pūnaewele microbial a me ka hoʻoiho ʻana i nā enzyme pūnaewele, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o kekahi mau mea loaʻa. Loaʻa iā ia ma ke ʻano he wai.
ʻO Tebufenpyrad: ʻO Tebufenpyrad kahi insecticide a me acaricide i hoʻohana ākea ʻia i nā greenhouse. He kemika paʻa keʻokeʻo ia me kahi ʻaʻala onaona. Hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai a i nā mea hoʻoheheʻe kūlohelohe hoʻi.
P-Chlorocresol: p -Chlorocresol ʻo ia ka hui pū me ke ʻano ClC 6 H 4 OH. He m -cresol monochlorinated ia. He paʻa keʻokeʻo a kala ʻole paha ia e hoʻonā wale ʻia i ka wai. Ma ke ʻano he hopena i loko o ka waiʻona a me ka hui pū ʻana me nā phenol ʻē aʻe, hoʻohana ʻia ia ma ke ʻano he antiseptic a me kahi preservative. He alergen kaulike ia no ka ʻili koʻikoʻi.
4-Chloro-o-toluidine: ʻO 4-Chloro- o -toluidine ( 4-COT , 4-chloro-2-methylaniline ) ka mea hui pū me ke ʻano CH 3 C 6 H 3 Cl (NH 2 ). He paʻa kala ʻole ia. Hana ʻia ka hui ma ke ʻano he waena waena o ka pesticide chlordimeform a me ka mua o kekahi mau make azo. Ua hōʻole ka hana ʻana ma hope o ka hōʻike ʻia ʻana he carcinogenic kiʻekiʻe.
MCPA: MCPA mea he ikaika, e wae, hoʻomano hoʻohana phenoxy herbicide. ʻO ka hui maʻemaʻe kahi pauka kala-ʻeleʻele. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ʻo MCPA i ka mahiʻai no ka mālama ʻana i ka mauʻu lau ākea ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻokele ulu ma nā wahi mahiʻai a me nā mea kanu cereal mai ka makahiki 1945. ʻO ke ʻano o ka hana a MCPA ma ke ʻano he auxin, he mau homone ulu ia i kū maoli i nā mea kanu. Hana ʻia ka noi overdose o MCPA ma ke ʻano he lāʻau make a me nā hopena i ka ulu pono ʻole.
4-Chloro-alpha-pyrrolidinovalerophenone: ʻO 4-Chloro- alpha -pyrrolidinovalerophenone kahi lāʻau hoʻolālā hoʻolālā e ulu nei i ka papa pyrrolidinophenone, e like me ke ʻano me alpha -pyrrolidinopentiophenone (α-PVP). ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau a me nā mea ʻino o kēia hui.
Para-Chloroamphetamine: para -Chloroamphetamine ( PCA ), ʻike ʻia ʻo 4-chloroamphetamine ( 4-CA ), kahi amphetamine a me monoamine hoʻokuʻu i pani ʻia e like me MDMA, akā me nā neurotoxicity kiʻekiʻe loa, i manaʻo ʻia ma muli o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻole ʻia o ka serotonin a me ka dopamine e he metabolite. Hoʻohana ʻia ia ma ke ʻano he neurotoxin e nā neurobiologists e pepehi koho ʻole i nā neurons serotonergic no nā hana noiʻi, e like me ka hoʻohana ʻia ʻana o 6-hydroxydopamine e pepehi i nā neurons dopaminergic.
4-Chloroaniline: ʻO 4-Chloroaniline kahi hui organochlorine me ke ʻano ClC 6 H 4 NH 2 . ʻO kēia paʻa melemele melemele kekahi o nā isomer ʻekolu o ka chloroaniline.
4-chlorobenzoate — CoA ligase: I loko o ka enzymology, kahi 4-chlorobenzoate — ʻO CoA ligase kahi enemi e catalyze i ka hopena kemika 4-chlorobenzoate + CoA + ATP 4-chlorobenzoyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate
4-chlorobenzoate — CoA ligase: I loko o ka enzymology, kahi 4-chlorobenzoate — ʻO CoA ligase kahi enemi e catalyze i ka hopena kemika 4-chlorobenzoate + CoA + ATP 4-chlorobenzoyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate
4-chlorobenzoate dehalogenase: I ka enzymology, he 4-chlorobenzoate dehalogenase (EC 3.8.1.6 ) kahi enzyme e catalyzed i ka hopena kemika 4-chlorobenzoate + H 2 O 4-hydroxybenzoate + chloride
4-chlorobenzoate dehalogenase: I ka enzymology, he 4-chlorobenzoate dehalogenase (EC 3.8.1.6 ) kahi enzyme e catalyzed i ka hopena kemika 4-chlorobenzoate + H 2 O 4-hydroxybenzoate + chloride
4-chlorobenzoate — CoA ligase: I loko o ka enzymology, kahi 4-chlorobenzoate — ʻO CoA ligase kahi enemi e catalyze i ka hopena kemika 4-chlorobenzoate + CoA + ATP 4-chlorobenzoyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate
4-Chlorobenzoic acid: ʻO 4-Chlorobenzoic acid kahi hui kūmole me ka mole mole mole ClC 6 H 4 CO 2 H. He paʻa keʻokeʻo i hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o kekahi nā mea hoʻoheheʻe a me nā kumu wai. Hoʻomākaukau ʻia ka 4-Chlorobenzoic acid e ka hoʻowali ʻia o 4-chlorotoluene.
2,4-dichlorobenzoyl-CoA hōʻemi: I loko o ka enzymology, kahi 2,4-dichlorobenzoyl-CoA reductase (EC 1.3.1.63 ) kahi enzyme e catalyzed i ka hopena kemika 4-chlorobenzoyl-CoA + NADP + + HCl 2,4-dichlorobenzoyl-CoA + NADPH + H +
4-chlorobenzoyl-CoA dehalogenase: I loko o ka enzymology, kahi 4-chlorobenzoyl-CoA dehalogenase (EC 3.8.1.7 ) kahi enzyme e catalyzed i ka hopena kemika 4-chlorobenzoyl-CoA + H 2 O 4-hydroxybenzoyl CoA + chloride
4-chlorobenzoyl-CoA dehalogenase: I loko o ka enzymology, kahi 4-chlorobenzoyl-CoA dehalogenase (EC 3.8.1.7 ) kahi enzyme e catalyzed i ka hopena kemika 4-chlorobenzoyl-CoA + H 2 O 4-hydroxybenzoyl CoA + chloride
Ro5-4864: ʻO Ro5-4864 ( 4'-chlorodiazepam ) kahi lāʻau i loaʻa i ka benzodiazepine derivative o diazepam. Eia naʻe ʻokoʻa ka hapanui o nā derzatives benzodiazepine, nele ka Ro5-4864 i ka pilina no GABA A loaʻa a loaʻa ʻole nā ​​hopena benzodiazepine maʻamau, ma kahi o ka sedative akā ʻoi aku ka convulsant a me ka anxiogenic i nā hopena. Ua loaʻa ʻo Ro5-4864 he ligand ikaika no ka "peripheral benzodiazepine receptor", a ua kapa ʻia ka inoa i ka mitochondrial translocator protein 18kDa (TSPO). ʻOiai nā hopena convulsant, ma nā kaha haʻahaʻa Ro5-4864 i hōʻoia ʻia i neuroprotective a ua hoʻohana ākea ʻia no ka noiʻi ʻana i ke kuleana o ka protein TSPO i neurotoxicity. Hōʻike nā loiloi in vitro a me nā ʻano rodent i ka hiki o ka analgesic, antidepressant, cardioprotective, a me nā hopena anti-cancer.
4-Chloroindole-3-acetic acid: ʻO 4-Chloroindole-3-acetic acid ( 4-Cl-IAA ) kahi hui kūlohelohe e hana ma ke ʻano he homone mea kanu.
4-Chlorokynurenine: ʻO L -4-Chlorokynurenine kahi prodrug mole liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi o 7-chlorokynurenic acid, kahi mea ʻenemi receptor NMDA. ʻIke ʻia he antidepressant wikiwiki wikiwiki.
4-Chloromercuribenzoic acid: ʻO ka 4-Chloromercuribenzoic acid kahi hui organomercury i hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he protease inhibitor, keu hoʻi i nā noi biology molekiola.
ʻO Para-Chloromethamphetamine: para -Chloromethamphetamine kahi mea hoʻonāukiuki ʻo ia ka N -methyl derivative a me ka prodrug o ka lāʻau neurotoxic para -chloroamphetamine (4-CA). Ua ʻike ʻia e hoʻēmi i ka serotonin i nā ʻiole. ʻO ka hoʻokolokolo hou ʻana i nā hopena wā lōʻihi o chloroamphetamines i ʻike ʻia ʻo ka lawelawe ʻana o 4-CMA ka mea i hoʻolōʻihi ʻia i nā kiʻekiʻe o ka serotonin a me ka hana o ka tryptophan hydroxylase i ka lolo hoʻokahi mahina ma hope o ka hoʻokomo ʻana i hoʻokahi lāʻau o ka lāʻau.
Methylclostebol: ʻO Methylclostebol , ʻike ʻia ʻo 4-chloro-17α-methyltestolone a i ʻole ʻo 4-chloro-17α-methylandrost-4-en-17β-ol-3-one , kahi synthetic, oral oral anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS) a me ka mea hoʻolālā steroid ua kūʻai ʻia ma ka Pūnaewele ma ke ʻano he "dietary supplement", akā ʻaʻole ia i aʻo ʻia no ka hoʻohana lapaʻau. ʻO ia ka 17α-alkylated ʻano o ka clostebol (4-chlorotestolone).
Norclostebol: ʻO Norclostebol kahi androgen synthetic a me ka anabolic steroid (AAS) i loaʻa mai ka nandrolone. Ua wehewehe ʻia i loko o nā puke i ka makahiki 1957. Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Norclostebol ma ke ʻano he ester, norclostebol acetate.
Norclostebol'ākeka: Norclostebol acetate , a i ʻole norchlorotestolone acetate ( NClTA ), i ʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano 4-chloro-19-nortestolone 17β-acetate a i ʻole ma ke ʻano 4-chloroestr-4-en-17β-ol-3-one , kahi synthetic, injectable anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS) a me ka derivative o 19-nortestolone (nandrolone). ʻO ia he ester androgen - kikoʻī, ʻo ka ester C17β acetate o norclostebol (4-chloro-19-nortestosterone).
4-Chlorophenol: ʻO 4-Chlorophenol kahi hui pū me ke ʻano ClC 6 H 4 OH. ʻO ia kekahi o ʻekolu mau isomers monochlorophenol. He paʻa kala ʻole a keʻokeʻo paha ia e heʻe maʻalahi a hōʻike i ka solubility nui i ka wai. Kona pK a 9.14.
4-Chlorophenoxyacetic acid: ʻO 4-Chlorophenoxyacetic acid a i ʻole parachlorophenoxyacetate (pCPA) kahi pesticide synthetic e like me nā kemika i kahi hui o nā homone mea kanu i kapa ʻia ʻo auxins.
4-chlorophenylacetate 3,4-dioxygenase: I loko o ka enzymology, he 4-chlorophenylacetate 3,4-dioxygenase (EC 1.14.12.9 ) kahi ʻākena e catalyze i ka hopena kemika 4-chlorophenylacetate + NADH + H + + ʻO 2 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetate + chloride + NAD +
4-chlorophenylacetate 3,4-dioxygenase: I loko o ka enzymology, he 4-chlorophenylacetate 3,4-dioxygenase (EC 1.14.12.9 ) kahi ʻākena e catalyze i ka hopena kemika 4-chlorophenylacetate + NADH + H + + ʻO 2 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetate + chloride + NAD +
Fenclonine: ʻO Fenclonine , i ʻike ʻia ʻo para -chlorophenylalanine ( PCPA ), hana ma ke ʻano he mea kāohi a me ka irreversible inhibitor o ka tryptophan hydroxylase, ʻo ia kahi enzyme palena palena palena i ka biosynthesis o serotonin.
4-Chlorophenylisobutylamine: ʻO 4-Chlorophenylisobutylamine , i kapa ʻia ʻo 4-chloro-α-ethylphenethylamine , kahi entactogen a me nā lāʻau stimulant o ka papa phenethylamine. ʻO ia kahi analogue o para -chloroamphetamine (PCA) kahi i pani ʻia ai ka methyl kūlana alpha me kahi hui ethyl.
Toremifene: ʻO Toremifene , kūʻai ʻia ma lalo o ka inoa ʻo Fareston i waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, kahi lāʻau i hoʻohana ʻia i ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai nui i nā wahine postmenopausal. Lawe ʻia e ka waha.
ʻO Clostebol: ʻO Clostebol ma ke ʻano he ester clostebol acetate, he mea hoʻohālikelike anabolic – androgenic steroid (AAS). ʻO Clostebol ke kumu 4-chloro o ka testosterone hormonone maoli. Pale ka chlorination i ka hoʻohuli ʻana i dihydrotestosterone (DHT) ʻoiai ke hāʻawi nei i ka kemika hiki ʻole ke hoʻohuli i ka estrogen. ʻOiai hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he ester me clostebol acetate, clostebol caproate (Macrobin-Depot), a i ʻole clostebol propionate (Yonchlon), clostebol unmodified / non-esterified i hōʻike ʻia e kūʻai ʻia, ma lalo o ka inoa inoa Trofodermin-S ma Mexico.
ʻO Clostebol acetate: ʻO Clostebol acetate (BAN), ʻike ʻia ʻo 4-chlorotestosteron 17β-acetate ( 4-CLTA ) a i ʻole 4-chloroandrost-4-en-17β-ol-3-one 17β-acetate , kahi synthetic, injected anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS) a me kahi hua o ka testosterone i kūʻai ʻia ma Kelemānia a me ʻItalia. He ester androgen ia - kikoʻī, ʻo ka C17 C acetate ester o clostebol (4-chlorotestolone) - a hana ma ke ʻano he prodrug o clostebol i loko o ke kino. Hāʻawi ʻia ʻo Clostebol acetate ma o ka injection intramuscular.
Chlorotoluene: ʻO Chlorotoluene kahi hui o ʻekolu mau mea hoʻohui kemika isomeric. Aia lākou i loko o kahi apo benzene disubstituted me hoʻokahi chlorine atoma a me kahi hui methyl.
Trans-cinnamate 4-monooxygenase: I loko o ka enzymology, he trans-cinnamate 4-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.14.91 ) kahi enzyme e catalyzed i ka hopena kemika trans-cinnamate + NADPH + H + + O 2 4-hydroxycinnamate + NADP + + H 2 ʻO
Lau theorem ʻehā: I ka makemakika, ka theorem kala ʻehā , a i ʻole theorem palapala kala ʻehā , i ʻōlelo ʻia, hāʻawi ʻia i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o kahi mokulele i nā ʻāina pili, e hana ana i kiʻi i kapa ʻia he palapala ʻāina , ʻaʻole ʻoi aku i ʻehā mau kala e kala i nā wahi o ka palapala ʻāina. ʻaʻole ʻelua ʻāpana e pili ana i ka like kala. Hoʻohui pili ia i ʻelua mau ʻāpana e kaʻana like i ka ʻaoʻao piʻo palena palena maʻamau, ʻaʻole wale kahi kihi kahi e hui ai ʻekolu a ʻoi paha mau ʻāina. ʻO ia ka theorem nui mua i hōʻike ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi kamepiula. I ka mua, ʻaʻole ʻae ʻia kēia hōʻoia e nā makemakika āpau no ka mea infeasible ka hōʻoia kōkua kamepiula na ke kanaka e nānā me ka lima. Mai ia manawa ua loaʻa ka hōʻoia i ka hōʻoia ākea, ʻoiai kekahi mau mea kānalua i koe.
ʻEhā waihoʻoluʻu ʻehā: ʻO ka pā lau ʻehā (US) a i ʻole ʻehā ʻāpana kala (UK) ʻokoʻa i ka papa Farani maʻamau koe wale no ke kala o nā hoʻopiʻi. I kahi ʻano Pelekane ʻehā kala, ʻulaʻula nā puʻuwai a ʻeleʻele nā ​​spades e like me ka mau, akā ʻōmaʻomaʻo nā lāʻau a polū nā diamona. Eia nō naʻe, ua hoʻohana ʻia nā hui kala ʻē aʻe i nā kenekulia, i nā wahi ʻē aʻe a i ʻole no kekahi mau pāʻani.
Lau theorem ʻehā: I ka makemakika, ka theorem kala ʻehā , a i ʻole theorem palapala kala ʻehā , i ʻōlelo ʻia, hāʻawi ʻia i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o kahi mokulele i nā ʻāina pili, e hana ana i kiʻi i kapa ʻia he palapala ʻāina , ʻaʻole ʻoi aku i ʻehā mau kala e kala i nā wahi o ka palapala ʻāina. ʻaʻole ʻelua ʻāpana e pili ana i ka like kala. Hoʻohui pili ia i ʻelua mau ʻāpana e kaʻana like i ka ʻaoʻao piʻo palena palena maʻamau, ʻaʻole wale kahi kihi kahi e hui ai ʻekolu a ʻoi paha mau ʻāina. ʻO ia ka theorem nui mua i hōʻike ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi kamepiula. I ka mua, ʻaʻole ʻae ʻia kēia hōʻoia e nā makemakika āpau no ka mea infeasible ka hōʻoia kōkua kamepiula na ke kanaka e nānā me ka lima. Mai ia manawa ua loaʻa ka hōʻoia i ka hōʻoia ākea, ʻoiai kekahi mau mea kānalua i koe.
Lau theorem ʻehā: I ka makemakika, ka theorem kala ʻehā , a i ʻole theorem palapala kala ʻehā , i ʻōlelo ʻia, hāʻawi ʻia i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o kahi mokulele i nā ʻāina pili, e hana ana i kiʻi i kapa ʻia he palapala ʻāina , ʻaʻole ʻoi aku i ʻehā mau kala e kala i nā wahi o ka palapala ʻāina. ʻaʻole ʻelua ʻāpana e pili ana i ka like kala. Hoʻohui pili ia i ʻelua mau ʻāpana e kaʻana like i ka ʻaoʻao piʻo palena palena maʻamau, ʻaʻole wale kahi kihi kahi e hui ai ʻekolu a ʻoi paha mau ʻāina. ʻO ia ka theorem nui mua i hōʻike ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi kamepiula. I ka mua, ʻaʻole ʻae ʻia kēia hōʻoia e nā makemakika āpau no ka mea infeasible ka hōʻoia kōkua kamepiula na ke kanaka e nānā me ka lima. Mai ia manawa ua loaʻa ka hōʻoia i ka hōʻoia ākea, ʻoiai kekahi mau mea kānalua i koe.
Lau theorem ʻehā: I ka makemakika, ka theorem kala ʻehā , a i ʻole theorem palapala kala ʻehā , i ʻōlelo ʻia, hāʻawi ʻia i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o kahi mokulele i nā ʻāina pili, e hana ana i kiʻi i kapa ʻia he palapala ʻāina , ʻaʻole ʻoi aku i ʻehā mau kala e kala i nā wahi o ka palapala ʻāina. ʻaʻole ʻelua ʻāpana e pili ana i ka like kala. Hoʻohui pili ia i ʻelua mau ʻāpana e kaʻana like i ka ʻaoʻao piʻo palena palena maʻamau, ʻaʻole wale kahi kihi kahi e hui ai ʻekolu a ʻoi paha mau ʻāina. ʻO ia ka theorem nui mua i hōʻike ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi kamepiula. I ka mua, ʻaʻole ʻae ʻia kēia hōʻoia e nā makemakika āpau no ka mea infeasible ka hōʻoia kōkua kamepiula na ke kanaka e nānā me ka lima. Mai ia manawa ua loaʻa ka hōʻoia i ka hōʻoia ākea, ʻoiai kekahi mau mea kānalua i koe.
4-pili: 4-pili e kuhikuhi i: 4-pili kaiāulu i nā kiʻi kamepiula Pakuhi hoʻohui 4, i ke kumumanaʻo pakuhi
4-pili: 4-pili e kuhikuhi i: 4-pili kaiāulu i nā kiʻi kamepiula Pakuhi hoʻohui 4, i ke kumumanaʻo pakuhi
Hoʻohui (pakuhi kiʻi): I ka makemakika a me ka ʻepekema lolouila, ʻo ka pilina kekahi o nā manaʻo kumu o ke kumumanaʻo pakuhi: noi ia no ka helu liʻiliʻi o nā mea e pono ai e hemo e hoʻokaʻawale i nā koena i koe i ʻelua a ʻoi paha subgraphs i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia. Pili loa ia i ke kumumanaʻo o nā pilikia kahe pūnaewele. ʻO ka pilina o kahi pakuhi kahi ana nui o kona kūpaʻa ma ke ʻano he pūnaewele.
Hoʻohui Pixel: I ka hana kiʻi ʻana a me ka ʻike ʻana i ke kiʻi, ʻo ka pili pili pixel ke ala e pili ai nā pika i nā kiʻi ʻelua i ko lākou mau hoanoho.
4-pili: 4-pili e kuhikuhi i: 4-pili kaiāulu i nā kiʻi kamepiula Pakuhi hoʻohui 4, i ke kumumanaʻo pakuhi
P-Coumaric acid: p -Coumaric acid he waikawa hydroxycinnamic ia, kahi hui kūlohelohe i loaʻa ʻia i ka wai wai hydronamic acid. Aia he ʻekolu isomer o ka waikawa coumaric - o -coumaric acid, m -coumaric acid, a me p -coumaric acid — i ʻokoʻa i ke kūlana o ka pani hydroxy o ka hui phenyl. p -Coumaric acid ka isomer ʻoi loa o nā mea ʻekolu i ke kūlohelohe. p -Coumaric acid aia i loko o ʻelua ʻano trans - p -coumaric acid a me cis - p -coumaric acid .
4-Coumarate-CoA ligase: I loko o ka enzymology, kahi 4-coumarate-CoA ligase kahi enemi e catalyzed i ka hopena kemika ATP + 4-coumarate + CoA AMP + diphosphate + 4-coumaroyl-CoA
4-Coumarate-CoA ligase: I loko o ka enzymology, kahi 4-coumarate-CoA ligase kahi enemi e catalyzed i ka hopena kemika ATP + 4-coumarate + CoA AMP + diphosphate + 4-coumaroyl-CoA
4-Coumarate-CoA ligase: I loko o ka enzymology, kahi 4-coumarate-CoA ligase kahi enemi e catalyzed i ka hopena kemika ATP + 4-coumarate + CoA AMP + diphosphate + 4-coumaroyl-CoA
P-Coumaric acid: p -Coumaric acid he waikawa hydroxycinnamic ia, kahi hui kūlohelohe i loaʻa ʻia i ka wai wai hydronamic acid. Aia he ʻekolu isomer o ka waikawa coumaric - o -coumaric acid, m -coumaric acid, a me p -coumaric acid — i ʻokoʻa i ke kūlana o ka pani hydroxy o ka hui phenyl. p -Coumaric acid ka isomer ʻoi loa o nā mea ʻekolu i ke kūlohelohe. p -Coumaric acid aia i loko o ʻelua ʻano trans - p -coumaric acid a me cis - p -coumaric acid .
P-Coumaric acid: p -Coumaric acid he waikawa hydroxycinnamic ia, kahi hui kūlohelohe i loaʻa ʻia i ka wai wai hydronamic acid. Aia he ʻekolu isomer o ka waikawa coumaric - o -coumaric acid, m -coumaric acid, a me p -coumaric acid — i ʻokoʻa i ke kūlana o ka pani hydroxy o ka hui phenyl. p -Coumaric acid ka isomer ʻoi loa o nā mea ʻekolu i ke kūlohelohe. p -Coumaric acid aia i loko o ʻelua ʻano trans - p -coumaric acid a me cis - p -coumaric acid .
ʻO Coumaroyl-CoA: ʻO Coumaroyl-coenzyme A kahi hui kemika i loaʻa i nā mea kanu. ʻO ka hui ka thioester o coenzyme-A a me ka waikawa coumaric.
4-Coumarate-CoA ligase: I loko o ka enzymology, kahi 4-coumarate-CoA ligase kahi enemi e catalyzed i ka hopena kemika ATP + 4-coumarate + CoA AMP + diphosphate + 4-coumaroyl-CoA
Agmatine N4-coumaroyltransferase: I loko o ka enzymology, kahi agmatine N4-coumaroyltransferase kahi enzyme e catalyze i ka hopena kemika 4-coumaroyl-CoA + agmatine CoA + N- (4-guanidinobutyl) -4-hydroxycinnamamide
Flavonol-3-O-triglucoside O-coumaroyltransferase: I loko o ka enzymology, kahi flavonol-3-O-triglucoside O-coumaroyltransferase kahi enzyme e catalyzed i ka hopena kemika 4-coumaroyl-CoA + a flavonol 3-O- [beta-D-glucosyl- (1-> 2) -beta-D-glucosyl- (1-> 2) -beta-D-glucoside] CoA + a flavonol 3-O- [6- (4-coumaroyl) -beta-D-glucosyl- (1-> 2) -beta-D-glucosyl- (1-> 2) - beta-D-glucoside]
ʻO Shikimate O-hydroxycinnamoyltransferase: I loko o ka enzymology, kahi shikimate O-hydroxycinnamoyltransferase kahi enzyme e catalyzed i ka hopena kemika 4-coumaroyl-CoA + shikimate CoA + 4-coumaroylshikimate
4-Coumarate-CoA ligase: I loko o ka enzymology, kahi 4-coumarate-CoA ligase kahi enemi e catalyzed i ka hopena kemika ATP + 4-coumarate + CoA AMP + diphosphate + 4-coumaroyl-CoA
P-Cresol: para -Cresol , a ʻo 4-methylphenol , kahi hui pū me ke ʻano CH 3 C 6 H 4 (OH). He paʻa kala ʻole ia e hoʻohana ākea ʻia ma waena i ka hana ʻana o nā kemika ʻē aʻe. He derivative ia o phenol a he isomer o o -cresol a me m -cresol .
4-Cresol dehydrogenase (hydroxylating): I loko o ka enzymology, kahi 4-cresol dehydrogenase (hydroxylating) (EC 1.17.99.1 ) kahi enzyme e catalyzed i ka hopena kemika 4-cresol + ʻae + H 2 O 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde + hoʻoliʻiliʻi acceptor
4-Cresol dehydrogenase (hydroxylating): I loko o ka enzymology, kahi 4-cresol dehydrogenase (hydroxylating) (EC 1.17.99.1 ) kahi enzyme e catalyzed i ka hopena kemika 4-cresol + ʻae + H 2 O 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde + hoʻoliʻiliʻi acceptor
4-Cresol dehydrogenase (hydroxylating): I loko o ka enzymology, kahi 4-cresol dehydrogenase (hydroxylating) (EC 1.17.99.1 ) kahi enzyme e catalyzed i ka hopena kemika 4-cresol + ʻae + H 2 O 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde + hoʻoliʻiliʻi acceptor
4-keʻa: E nānā paha ʻo 4-keʻa i: Heihei heihei uila ʻehā 4-orth Peoplex polytope
16-ʻea: I ka geometry ʻehā dimensional, he 16 mau hunau kahi 4-polytope e hoʻopili maʻamau. ʻO ia kekahi o nā ʻeono mau convex 4-polytopes maʻamau i hōʻike mua ʻia e ka makemakika Swiss Ludwig Schläfli i ka waena o ke kenekulia 19. Kāhea ʻia ʻo C 16 , hexadecachoron , a i ʻole hexdecahedroid .
16-ʻea: I ka geometry ʻehā dimensional, he 16 mau hunau kahi 4-polytope e hoʻopili maʻamau. ʻO ia kekahi o nā ʻeono mau convex 4-polytopes maʻamau i hōʻike mua ʻia e ka makemakika Swiss Ludwig Schläfli i ka waena o ke kenekulia 19. Kāhea ʻia ʻo C 16 , hexadecachoron , a i ʻole hexdecahedroid .
2-Furanone: ʻO 2-Furanone kahi hui kūlohelohe heterocyclic. ʻIke ʻia ʻo γ-crotonolactone ( GCL ), ʻoiai ʻo ia ka lactone maʻamau i loaʻa mai i ka.-Hydroxyisocrotonic acid. Kapa ʻia ka kemika "butenolide", a ʻo ia ka hale makua no ka papa butenolide o nā hui. He wai kala ʻole ia.
Kahului: I ke geometry, ʻo ka tesseract ke ʻano hoʻohālikelike ʻehā o ka pahu; aia ka tesseract i ka pahu e like me ka pahu i ka square. E like me ka ʻeono o ke alo o ka pahu i ka pahu o ka pahu, ʻo ka hypersurface o ka tesseract he ʻewalu mau huna huina cubical. ʻO ka tesseract kekahi o nā convex ʻeono mau 4-polytopes maʻamau.
Waihona meli Tesseractic: I loko o nā geometry euclidean ʻehā dimensional, ʻo ka meli tesseractic kekahi o ʻekolu mau kikoʻī hoʻopihapiha hakahaka maʻamau, i hōʻike ʻia e Schläfli hōʻailona {4,3,3,4}, a kūkulu ʻia e kahi ʻāpana 4-dimensional o nā ʻaoʻao tesseract.
Waihona meli Tesseractic: I loko o nā geometry euclidean ʻehā dimensional, ʻo ka meli tesseractic kekahi o ʻekolu mau kikoʻī hoʻopihapiha hakahaka maʻamau, i hōʻike ʻia e Schläfli hōʻailona {4,3,3,4}, a kūkulu ʻia e kahi ʻāpana 4-dimensional o nā ʻaoʻao tesseract.
ʻEhā manawa: I ka hilinaʻi kūikawā a me ka laulā, ʻo ka ʻehā o ke aniani ʻehā o ka nui o ka uila. ʻIke ʻia hoʻi ma ke ʻano he vector , hoʻohana ʻia ia i ka pōʻaiapili geometric o ka mokuna ʻehā dimensional , ma kahi o ʻekolu dimensional space a me ka manawa ʻokoʻa. ʻO ka makemakika he kiʻi ʻehā ia, a ʻo Lorentz covariant.
4-Cyano-3- (trifluoromethyl) aniline: 4-Cyano-3- (trifluoromethyl) aniline , i ʻike ʻia ʻo 4-amino-2- (trifluoromethyl) benzonitrile , kahi cyanated a me trifluoromethylated derivative o aniline. ʻO ia ka mea hoʻomaka i kekahi o nā synthes kemikal o ka nonsteroidal antiandrogen bicalutamide.
4-Cyano-3- (trifluoromethyl) aniline: 4-Cyano-3- (trifluoromethyl) aniline , i ʻike ʻia ʻo 4-amino-2- (trifluoromethyl) benzonitrile , kahi cyanated a me trifluoromethylated derivative o aniline. ʻO ia ka mea hoʻomaka i kekahi o nā synthes kemikal o ka nonsteroidal antiandrogen bicalutamide.
4-Cyano-3- (trifluoromethyl) aniline: 4-Cyano-3- (trifluoromethyl) aniline , i ʻike ʻia ʻo 4-amino-2- (trifluoromethyl) benzonitrile , kahi cyanated a me trifluoromethylated derivative o aniline. ʻO ia ka mea hoʻomaka i kekahi o nā synthes kemikal o ka nonsteroidal antiandrogen bicalutamide.
4-Cyano-3- (trifluoromethyl) aniline: 4-Cyano-3- (trifluoromethyl) aniline , i ʻike ʻia ʻo 4-amino-2- (trifluoromethyl) benzonitrile , kahi cyanated a me trifluoromethylated derivative o aniline. ʻO ia ka mea hoʻomaka i kekahi o nā synthes kemikal o ka nonsteroidal antiandrogen bicalutamide.
Cyclopropylmescaline: ʻO Cyclopropylmescaline kahi lāʻau psychedelic liʻiliʻi i ʻike liʻiliʻi ʻia. Ua hana mua ʻia ʻo CPM e Alexander Shulgin. I loko o kāna puke PiHKAL , helu ʻia ka laulā hana ma ke ʻano he 60-80 mg a me ka lōʻihi i helu ʻia ma 12-18 mau hola. Hana ka CPM i nā kiʻina maka paʻa, ʻike kiʻi, a me nā moemoeā. ʻO ia ke kumu o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ke mele. Aia kahi ʻikepili liʻiliʻi e pili ana i nā waiwai lāʻau, metabolism, a me nā mea ʻino o ka CPM.
Cyclopropylmescaline: ʻO Cyclopropylmescaline kahi lāʻau psychedelic liʻiliʻi i ʻike liʻiliʻi ʻia. Ua hana mua ʻia ʻo CPM e Alexander Shulgin. I loko o kāna puke PiHKAL , helu ʻia ka laulā hana ma ke ʻano he 60-80 mg a me ka lōʻihi i helu ʻia ma 12-18 mau hola. Hana ka CPM i nā kiʻina maka paʻa, ʻike kiʻi, a me nā moemoeā. ʻO ia ke kumu o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ke mele. Aia kahi ʻikepili liʻiliʻi e pili ana i nā waiwai lāʻau, metabolism, a me nā mea ʻino o ka CPM.
Mīkini hoʻonohonoho: ʻO ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o ka ʻenekini e wehewehe i nā loina hana paʻa e mahele ʻia ai nā ʻenekini kuni kūloko.
4-paukūʻolokaʻa 400: ʻO 4-Cylinder 400 kahi pepa moʻolelo pōkole 2004 e pili ana i ka heihei kaʻa barnyard ma kekahi kauhale kuaʻāina ma uka o Nu Ioka. Hoʻokele ʻia e John Finn, Harlo Bray a me Garret Savage, ua hoʻokuʻu mua ʻia ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni ma 2004 a ua hōʻike ʻia ma ka IFC TV Channel, i hōʻike ʻia i loko o kekahi mau hoʻolauleʻa kiʻi ʻoniʻoni a puni ka honua, a ua loaʻa nā mahalo nui ʻia mai ka nūpepa. Hana ʻia kahi pepa kiʻi ma ke kaona liʻiliʻi o Bovina, New York, kahi e ʻākoakoa ai nā kamaʻāina ma kahi mahiʻai ʻohana no ka heihei kaʻa makahiki 5 o ka makahiki he ʻekolu wale nō mau lula: ʻaʻohe kaʻa e ʻoi aku ke kumu kūʻai ma mua o $ 300, pono i kēlā me kēia kaʻa he 4-ʻāpana. ʻenekini, a ua pāpā ʻia ka puka ʻaoʻao hoʻokele o kekahi heihei. Hoʻopiʻi ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni i ka huhū a me ka hanohano o ka hanana kaiāulu pili loa.
Mīkini hoʻonohonoho: ʻO ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o ka ʻenekini e wehewehe i nā loina hana paʻa e mahele ʻia ai nā ʻenekini kuni kūloko.
4D: E nānā paha ʻo 4D a i ʻole 4-D iā: 4-dimensional spacetime: ʻekolu dimensional makahiki o ka lōʻihi, ākea, a me ke kiʻekiʻe, me ka manawa Kahi ākea ʻehā 4D paʻi ʻO ka laina hana SGI IRIS 4D o Silicon Graphics Papa 4-D, kahi hoʻonohonoho ʻana o ka ʻōnaehana lawelawe koho 4-D (psychedelic), lāʻau lapaʻau psychedelic 4D BIM, kahi manawa i hoʻohana ʻia i ka hoʻolālā kōkua kamepiula ʻO Sinema 4D, kahi polokalamu kiʻi 3D keʻa keʻa 4D (train) ma Melbourne, Australia 4-Digits, kahi hailona ma Malaysia a me Singapore ʻO Air Sinai, nona ka helu IATA ʻo "4D" 4D (polokalamu), kahi papa hana piha me ka waihona pūnaewele a me ka pūnaewele 4D SAS, nā mea hoʻomohala o 4D a me Wakanda 4D Inc, lālā ma US o 4D SAS 4D, kahi paʻi paʻi kiʻi no nā kāmela uila Manamana lima, ka helu ʻehā o ka lima ʻO 4D Pūnaewele hoʻopaʻa leo, kahi ʻōnaehana hoʻopaʻa leo i hoʻomohala ʻia e Deutsche Grammophon ʻO Potez 4D, kahi ʻenekini mokulele ʻehā paukūʻolokaʻa
Ana ʻehā: Hiki i ke ana ʻehā ke kuhikuhi i:
Pule ʻehā lā: ʻO kahi pule ʻehā mau lā , a i ʻole kahi papa hana hana i hoʻopaʻa ʻia , kahi hoʻonohonoho kahi o kahi hana a kula paha e hana ai kāna mau limahana a haumāna paha a hele i ke kula i loko o ʻehā mau lā i kēlā me kēia pule ma mua o ka ʻelima maʻamau maʻamau. Hiki i kēia hoʻonohonoho ke lilo i ʻāpana o nā hola hana maʻalahi, a hoʻohana ʻia i kekahi manawa e ʻokiʻoki i nā kumukūʻai, e like me ka mea i ʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he "4/10 pule hana," kahi e hana ai nā limahana i 40 mau hola ma waena o nā lā ʻehā, ʻo ia hoʻi "ʻehā-ʻumi" pule. Eia nō naʻe, hiki i ka pule ʻehā mau lā ke hoʻonohonoho i kahi papa hana paʻa.
Ka hopena pule lōʻihi: ʻO ka hopena pule lōʻihi he hopena pule ia ma ka liʻiliʻi he ʻekolu mau lā ka lōʻihi, ma muli o kahi lā hoʻomaha lehulehu a i ʻole ʻole i hana ʻia i kahi Pōʻakahi aʻe a i ʻole Pōʻalima i hala.
4-Dehydroepiandrolone: 4-Dehydroepiandrolone ( 4-DHEA ) he steroid ia he isomer o 5-dehydroepiandrolone.
Hydroxystenozole: ʻO Hydroxystenozole ( INN ), i ʻike ʻia hoʻi ma ke ʻano he 17α-methylandrost-4-eno [3,2- c ] pyrazol-17β-ol , he androgen / anabolic steroid (AAS) i hana waha ʻia me ka waha i hōʻike ʻia i nā puke i ka 1967 akā ʻaʻole i kūʻai ʻia. Pili loa ia i stanozolol (17α-methyl-5α-androstano [3,2- c ] pyrazol-17β-ol), ʻokoʻa iā ia wale nō i ka hydrogenation.
ʻO Idarubicin: ʻO Idarubicin a i ʻole 4-demethoxydaunorubicin kahi lāʻau antileukemic antracycline. Hoʻokomo ʻo ia iā ia iho i loko o DNA a pale i ka wehe ʻana o DNA ma o ka hoʻopilikia ʻana me ka enzyme topoisomerase II. He analog ia o ka daunorubicin, akā ʻo ka ʻole o kahi hui methoxy e hoʻonui ai i ka solubility momona a me ka lawe ʻana o ka cellular.
Aknadinine: ʻO Aknadinine kahi alkaloid opioid i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia mai nā lālā o ka genus Stephania. Structurally he lālā ia o ka ʻohana hasubanan o nā alkaloid a me nā hiʻohiʻona i kahi substructure isoquinoline.
16-ʻea: I ka geometry ʻehā dimensional, he 16 mau hunau kahi 4-polytope e hoʻopili maʻamau. ʻO ia kekahi o nā ʻeono mau convex 4-polytopes maʻamau i hōʻike mua ʻia e ka makemakika Swiss Ludwig Schläfli i ka waena o ke kenekulia 19. Kāhea ʻia ʻo C 16 , hexadecachoron , a i ʻole hexdecahedroid .
Waihona meli 16-ʻea: I loko o nā geometry Euclidean ʻehā dimensional, ʻo ka waihona meli 16-cell kekahi o ʻekolu mau hualoaʻa hoʻopihapiha hakahaka maʻamau, i hōʻike ʻia e Schläfli hōʻailona {3,3,4,3}, a kūkulu ʻia e kahi ʻāpana 4 o nā ʻaoʻao 16 pūnaewele , ʻekolu a puni kēlā me kēia helehelena.
Waihona meli 16-ʻea: I loko o nā geometry Euclidean ʻehā dimensional, ʻo ka waihona meli 16-cell kekahi o ʻekolu mau hualoaʻa hoʻopihapiha hakahaka maʻamau, i hōʻike ʻia e Schläfli hōʻailona {3,3,4,3}, a kūkulu ʻia e kahi ʻāpana 4 o nā ʻaoʻao 16 pūnaewele , ʻekolu a puni kēlā me kēia helehelena.
16-ʻea: I ka geometry ʻehā dimensional, he 16 mau hunau kahi 4-polytope e hoʻopili maʻamau. ʻO ia kekahi o nā ʻeono mau convex 4-polytopes maʻamau i hōʻike mua ʻia e ka makemakika Swiss Ludwig Schläfli i ka waena o ke kenekulia 19. Kāhea ʻia ʻo C 16 , hexadecachoron , a i ʻole hexdecahedroid .
4-deoxy-L-threo-5-hexosulose-uronate ketol-isomerase: I loko o ka enzymology, he 4-deoxy-L-threo-5-hexosulose-uronate ketol-isomerase kahi ʻākena e catalyze i ka hopena kemika 4-deoxy-L-threo-5-hexosulose uronate 3-deoxy-D-glycero-2,5-hexodiulosonate	I loko o ka enzymology, he 4-deoxy-L-threo-5-hexosulose-uronate ketol-isomerase kahi ʻākena e catalyze i ka hopena kemika 4-deoxy-L-threo-5-hexosulose uronate
Chondro-4-sulfatase: I ka enzymology, he chondro-4-sulfatase (EC 3.1.6.9 ) kahi enzyme e catalyzed i ka hopena kemika 4-deoxy-beta-D-gluc-4-enuronosyl- (1,3) -N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 4-sulfate + H 2 O 4-deoxy-beta-D-gluc-4-enuronosyl- (1,3) -N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + sulfate
Chondro-6-sulfatase: I ka enzymology, he chondro-6-sulfatase (EC 3.1.6.10 ) kahi enzyme e catalyzed i ka hopena kemika 4-deoxy-beta-D-gluc-4-enuronosyl- (1,3) -N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 6-sulfate + H 2 O 4-deoxy-beta-D-gluc-4-enuronosyl- (1,3) -N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + sulfate
Bacillosamine: ʻO Bacillosamine kahi kō kōpaʻa amino laha ʻole i ʻike mua ʻia ma Bacillus subtilis .
4-Deoxypyridoxine: ʻO 4-Deoxypyridoxine kahi huaʻai B 6 antagonist. He mea ʻawahia paha ia i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā embryos no ka mea hiki ke loaʻa nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole ma collagen a me elastin i ka wā e ulu ana. Hiki i ke alo o kēia hui ke hana i ka hemahema o ka wikamina B 6 , kahi e kaomi i ka ʻōnaehana pale. Hiki ke hoʻohana pono ʻia kēia pale pale pale i nā ʻano holoholona o nā maʻi Trichinella spiralis .
4-Deoxypyridoxine: ʻO 4-Deoxypyridoxine kahi huaʻai B 6 antagonist. He mea ʻawahia paha ia i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā embryos no ka mea hiki ke loaʻa nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole ma collagen a me elastin i ka wā e ulu ana. Hiki i ke alo o kēia hui ke hana i ka hemahema o ka wikamina B 6 , kahi e kaomi i ka ʻōnaehana pale. Hiki ke hoʻohana pono ʻia kēia pale pale pale i nā ʻano holoholona o nā maʻi Trichinella spiralis .
6-APDB: 6- (2-Aminopropyl) -2,3-dihydrobenzofuran kahi mea hoʻonāukiuki a entactogen o nā papa phenethylamine a me amphetamine. ʻO ia kahi analogue o MDA kahi o ka heterocyclic 4-kūlana oxygen mai ka 3,4-methylenedioxy ring i pani ʻia me kahi alahaka methylene. ʻO 5-APDB (3-Desoxy-MDA) kahi analogue o 6-APDB kahi i pani ʻia ai ka oxygen 3-kūlana me kahi methylene ma kahi. ʻO 6-APDB, a me 5-APDB, i hana mua ʻia e David E. Nichols i nā makahiki 1990 i ka wā e ʻimi nei i nā non-neurotoxic MDMA analogues.
DESOXY: ʻO 4-Desoxymescaline , a i ʻole 4-methyl-3,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine , kahi analogue mescaline e pili ana i nā phenethylamines psychedelic ʻē aʻe. Kāhea ʻia ʻo DESOXY . Ua ʻike ʻia ʻo DESOXY e Alexander Shulgin a paʻi ʻia i loko o kāna puke PiHKAL .
4 hua helu UNESCO nomenclature: ʻO UNESCO Nomenclature kahi ʻōnaehana i hoʻomohala ʻia e UNESCO no ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā pepa noiʻi a me nā pepa kauka. Aia he mana ʻekolu o ka ʻōnaehana, e hāʻawi nei i nā pae ʻokoʻa o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ma o nā code 2-, 4-, a me 6-helu. Hōʻike kēia ʻatikala i ka nomenclature helu 4.
4 hua helu UNESCO nomenclature: ʻO UNESCO Nomenclature kahi ʻōnaehana i hoʻomohala ʻia e UNESCO no ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā pepa noiʻi a me nā pepa kauka. Aia he mana ʻekolu o ka ʻōnaehana, e hāʻawi nei i nā pae ʻokoʻa o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ma o nā code 2-, 4-, a me 6-helu. Hōʻike kēia ʻatikala i ka nomenclature helu 4.
Ana ʻehā: Hiki i ke ana ʻehā ke kuhikuhi i:
Kahi ākea ʻehā: ʻO kahi ʻehā dimensional ( 4D ) kahi pākuʻina makemakika o ka manaʻo o ʻekolu dimensional a i ʻole 3D space. ʻO ka hakahaka ʻekolu dimensional ka hiki maʻalahi o ka nānā ʻana i hoʻokahi wale nō mau helu e pono ai, i kapa ʻia nā ana , e wehewehe i ka nui a i ʻole nā ​​wahi o nā mea i ka honua o kēlā me kēia lā. ʻO kahi laʻana, ʻike ʻia ka nui o ka pahu huinahā e ke ana a hoʻonui ʻana i kona lōʻihi, ka laulā, a me ke kiʻekiʻe.
4-polytope: I ke geometry, he 4-polytope kahi polytope ʻehā dimensional. He kiʻi pili a paʻa ia, i haku ʻia i nā mea polytopal o ka dimensional haʻahaʻa: nā piko, nā ʻaoʻao, nā alo (polygons), a me nā hunaola (polyhedra). Māhele like ʻia kēlā me kēia helehelena e nā hunaola ʻelua.
4D paʻi: Hoʻohana ka paʻi 4-dimensional i nā ʻano hana like o ka paʻi 3D ma o ka waiho ʻana o nā mea i papahana ʻia e nā kamepiula i nā papa i kū pono e hana i kahi mea ʻekolu dimensional. Hoʻohui ka paʻi 4D i ke ana o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka manawa. No laila he ʻano papahana ia i pili i ka papahana, kahi ma hope o ke kaʻina hana, hana ka huahana i paʻi ʻia me nā palena ma loko o ke kaiapuni a hoʻololi i kona ʻano. Kū aʻe ka hiki ke hana pēlā mai nā hoʻonohonoho palena ʻole kokoke loa i ka hoʻonā ʻana o ka micrometer, e hana ana i nā mea paʻa me nā makana spatial molekini ʻenekini a pēlā e ʻae ai i ka hana multifunctional ʻoi loa.
Kahi ākea ʻehā: ʻO kahi ʻehā dimensional ( 4D ) kahi pākuʻina makemakika o ka manaʻo o ʻekolu dimensional a i ʻole 3D space. ʻO ka hakahaka ʻekolu dimensional ka hiki maʻalahi o ka nānā ʻana i hoʻokahi wale nō mau helu e pono ai, i kapa ʻia nā ana , e wehewehe i ka nui a i ʻole nā ​​wahi o nā mea i ka honua o kēlā me kēia lā. ʻO kahi laʻana, ʻike ʻia ka nui o ka pahu huinahā e ke ana a hoʻonui ʻana i kona lōʻihi, ka laulā, a me ke kiʻekiʻe.
Mokuna Minkowski: I loko o ka physics physics, kahi Minkowski kahi hui o kahi ākea Euclidean ʻekolu dimensional a me ka manawa i loko o kahi ʻehā dimensional ma kahi kūʻokoʻa ka wā waena ma waena o nā hanana ʻelua i ka papa inertial o kahi kūmole i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ai lākou. ʻOiai i hoʻomohala mua ʻia e ka makemakika ʻo Hermann Minkowski no ka hoʻohālikelike a Maxwell o ka electromagnetism, ua hōʻike ʻia ke ʻano makemakika o ka manawa mokulele Minkowski e nā postulate o ka hilinaʻi kūikawā.
ʻO topology dimensional haʻahaʻa: I ka makemakika, ʻo ka topology haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ka lālā o ka topology e noiʻi ana i nā manifold, a i ʻole nā ​​wahi topological maʻamau, he ʻehā a ʻoi iki paha. ʻO nā kumuhana kūmole ke kumumanaʻo o 3-manifolds a me 4-manifolds, the knot theory, a me nā pūʻulu pale. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia kēia ma ke ʻano he topology geometric. Hiki paha ke hoʻohana ʻia e kuhikuhi i ke aʻo ʻana i nā wahi topological o ka nui o ka 1, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka maʻamau o kēia i ka ʻepekema hoʻomau.
4-Dimethylallyltr Egyptophan N-methyltransferase: ʻO ka 4-dimethylallyltr Egyptophan N-methyltransferase kahi enzyme me ka inoa ʻōnaehana S-adenosyl-L-methionine: 4- (3-methylbut-2-enyl) -L-tryptophan N-methyltransferase . Hoʻopili kēia enzyme i ka hopena kemika i lalo S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 4-dimethylallyl-L-tryptophan S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine ​​+ 4-dimethylallyl-L-abrine
Melemele melemele: ʻO Methyl melemele , a i ʻole CI 11020 , kahi hui pū me ke ʻano C 6 H 5 N 2 C 6 H 4 N (CH 3 ) 2 . He kala azo i kiʻi ʻia mai dimethylaniline. He paʻa melemele ia. Wahi a X-ray crystallography, ʻo ka C 14 N 3 kumu o ka mole he planar.
P-Dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde: p -Dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde ( DMACA ) kahi hydrocarbon onaona. Hoʻohana ʻia ia i kahi hopena acidic e huki ai i nā indoles.
4-Dimethylaminophenol: ʻO 4-Dimethylaminophenol ( DMAP ) kahi hui aala i piha i nā hui ʻolol a me amine. Loaʻa iā ia ka mole mole C 8 H 11 NO.
4-Dimethylaminophenylpentazole: ʻO 4-Dimethylaminophenylpentazole kahi paʻa ʻole, pūhui pahū i piha i ke apo pentazole kākaʻikahi, i haku ʻia me ʻelima mau ʻoma ʻokena. ʻO ka hopena hāʻawi electron o ka 4-dimethylamino substituent ma ke apo phenyl e hoʻolilo i kēia hui i kahi paʻa o nā phenylpentazoles. I ke ana wela o ka lumi, he mau hola wale nō kona kemikona hapa-ola, ʻoiai hiki ke mālama i nā mahana cryogenic. Hoʻomākaukau mua ʻia ka hui ma 1956 me nā phenylpentazoles pani hou ʻia. Ua mālama ʻia nā noiʻi ʻana ma nā huahana like ʻole ʻē aʻe, ʻoiai ua kaupalena ʻia e ka paʻa ʻole o kēia mau hui. ʻO kekahi mau mea hou i pani hakahaka ʻia, e like me 2,6-dihydroxy-4-dimethylaminophenylpentazole, ʻoi aku ka paʻa akā ʻoi aku ka ʻaoʻao, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī e hana. Ua kālele ka noiʻi o kēia manawa i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā mea metala hoʻololi o kēia mau derivatives pentazole, no ka mea e hoʻokūpaʻa ʻia ke apo pentazole e ka hoʻopili ʻana i ke kikowaena metala.