Abdominal wall defect, Caesarean section, Thoracic diaphragm

Hewa ka paia ʻōpū: ʻO nā kīnā o ka paia ʻōpū kahi ʻano o ka hemahema hānau e ʻae ai i ka ʻōpū, nā ʻōpū, a i ʻole nā ​​mea ʻē aʻe e kū aʻe ma o ka puka ʻokoʻa e kū ma ka ʻōpū.
Mahele Caesarean: ʻO ka ʻāpana Caesarean , i ʻike ʻia ʻo C-section , a i ʻole ka hānau caesarean , ʻo ia ke kaʻina ʻokiʻoki e hānau ʻia ai kahi pēpē ma o kahi ʻokiʻoki i loko o ka ʻōpū o ka makuahine, hana pinepine ʻia no ka mea ʻo ka hānau wahine e hoʻokau i ka pēpē a makuahine paha. ʻO nā kumu no kēia me ka hana i keʻakeʻa ʻia, hāpai male māhoe, ke kiʻekiʻe o ke koko i ka makuahine, ka hānau ʻana breech, a me nā pilikia me ka placenta a i ʻole ka umbilical cord. Hana ʻia kahi hānau caesarean ma muli o ke ʻano o ka pelvis a ka makuahine a i ʻole ka mōʻaukala o kahi ʻāpana C mua. Hiki ke hoʻāʻo i ka hānau hānau ma hope o C-ʻāpana. Paipai ka World Health Organization e hana wale ʻia ka ʻāpana caesarean ke pono pono i ka lāʻau. Hana ʻia kekahi mau ʻāpana C me ke kumu ʻole o ke olakino, ke noi ʻia e kekahi, ʻo ka maʻamau ka makuahine.
Thoracic diaphragm: ʻO ka diaphragm thoracic , a i ʻole ka diaphragm wale nō, kahi ʻāpana o nā iwi iwi i loko o nā kānaka a me nā mea ʻānai ʻē aʻe i hoʻonui ʻia ma lalo o ka lua o ka iwi. Hoʻokaʻawale ka diaphragm i ka lua o ka thoracic, i loaʻa ka puʻuwai a me nā akemāmā, mai ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū a hana i kahi hana nui i ka hanu ʻana: i ka manawa e ʻaelike ai ka diaphragm, hoʻonui ka nui o ka lua o ka lua, e hana ana i kahi kaomi maikaʻi ʻole ma laila, e huki ai ka ea i loko o nā ake. .
Abdominal eha: ʻO ka ʻeha o ka ʻōpū , ʻike ʻia hoʻi me ka ʻeha o ka ʻōpū , kahi hōʻailona e pili pū me nā pilikia olakino ʻole a koʻikoʻi hoʻi.
Hoʻololi ʻōpū: Kū ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū ke hoʻopili ʻia nā mea, e like me ka ea (gas) a i ʻole ka wai, i loko o ka ʻōpū e hoʻonui ana ʻO ia kahi hōʻailona o kahi maʻi kūlohelohe a hana ʻole paha i ke kino, ma mua o kahi maʻi i kāna pono ponoʻī. ʻO ka poʻe e ʻeha nei i kēia ʻano e wehewehe pinepine iā ia ma ke ʻano he "bloated feeling". Hoʻomaopopo pinepine ka poʻe ʻeha i kahi ʻano o ka piha, ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū, ai kekahi manawa nausea, ʻeha, a cramping paha. I nā hihia ʻoi loa, piʻi ka piʻi i luna o ka diaphragm a me nā akemāmā pū kekahi i ka liʻiliʻi o ka hanu. Ma o nā kumu like ʻole, ulu pinepine ka bloating ma muli o ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o ke kinoea i loko o ka ʻōpū, ʻōpū liʻiliʻi, a i ʻole kolone. Hoʻomaha pinepine ʻia ka manaʻo kaomi, a i ʻole hoʻēmi ʻia, e ke kāʻei a i ʻole ka palahalaha. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā lāʻau e hoʻonā i ke kinoea i loko o ka ʻōpū a me nā ʻōpū e mālama ai i ka hōʻoluʻolu a hoʻoliʻiliʻi hoʻi i ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū.
Hoʻololi ʻōpū: Kū ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū ke hoʻopili ʻia nā mea, e like me ka ea (gas) a i ʻole ka wai, i loko o ka ʻōpū e hoʻonui ana ʻO ia kahi hōʻailona o kahi maʻi kūlohelohe a hana ʻole paha i ke kino, ma mua o kahi maʻi i kāna pono ponoʻī. ʻO ka poʻe e ʻeha nei i kēia ʻano e wehewehe pinepine iā ia ma ke ʻano he "bloated feeling". Hoʻomaopopo pinepine ka poʻe ʻeha i kahi ʻano o ka piha, ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū, ai kekahi manawa nausea, ʻeha, a cramping paha. I nā hihia ʻoi loa, piʻi ka piʻi i luna o ka diaphragm a me nā akemāmā pū kekahi i ka liʻiliʻi o ka hanu. Ma o nā kumu like ʻole, ulu pinepine ka bloating ma muli o ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o ke kinoea i loko o ka ʻōpū, ʻōpū liʻiliʻi, a i ʻole kolone. Hoʻomaha pinepine ʻia ka manaʻo kaomi, a i ʻole hoʻēmi ʻia, e ke kāʻei a i ʻole ka palahalaha. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā lāʻau e hoʻonā i ke kinoea i loko o ka ʻōpū a me nā ʻōpū e mālama ai i ka hōʻoluʻolu a hoʻoliʻiliʻi hoʻi i ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū.
Ascite: ʻO Ascites ka hana kino ʻole o ka wai i loko o ka ʻōpū. ʻOihana loea, ʻoi aku ia ma mua o 25 ml o ka wai i ka lua peritoneal, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka nui o nā puke i ʻoi aku ma mua o hoʻokahi lita. Pākuʻi ʻia paha nā ʻōuli me ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka nui o ka ʻōpū, hoʻonui i ka kaumaha, hōʻoluʻolu o ka ʻōpū, a me ka hanu liʻiliʻi. Hiki i nā pilikia ke hoʻopili pū i ka peritonitis bacterial spontaneous.
Nā veins varicose: ʻO nā veins varicose , ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo varicoses , kahi ʻano olakino kahi e hoʻonui ʻia ai a wili ʻia ai nā veins superficial. Hoʻonui pinepine kēia mau uaua i nā wāwae, ma lalo pono o ka ʻili. Hoʻokumu pinepine nā veins varicose i kekahi mau ʻōuli. Eia nō naʻe, ʻike paha kekahi mau kanaka i ka luhi a i ʻole ka ʻeha ma ia wahi. Hiki i nā pilikia ke hoʻopili i ke kahe a i ʻole thrombophlebitis superficial. ʻIke ʻia nā varices i ka scrotum ma ke ʻano he varicocele, ʻoiai ʻo ka poʻe kokoke i ka anus ʻike ʻia he hemorrhoids. Ma muli o nā hopena o ke kino, ka pilikanaka, a me ka psychological o varicose veins, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻopili maikaʻi i ka maikaʻi o ke ola o kekahi.
ʻO ka colitis Ischemic: ʻO ka colitis Ischemic kahi ʻano olakino kahi i loaʻa ai ka mumū a me ka ʻeha o ka ʻōpū nui mai ka lawa ʻole o ke koko. ʻOiai ʻike ʻole ʻia i ka heluna lehulehu, ʻike ʻia ka colitis ischemic me ke alapine ʻoi aku ka nui i nā ʻelemākule, a ʻo ia ke ʻano maʻamau o ka ischemia bowel. ʻO nā kumu o ke kahe ʻana o ke kahe o ke koko e hiki ke hoʻopili i nā loli i ka ʻōnaehana ʻōnaehana a i ʻole nā ​​mea kūloko e like me ka constrict o nā kīʻaha koko a i ʻole ke koko. I ka hapanui o nā hihia, ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻike ʻia kekahi kumu kikoʻī.
Epilepsy ʻōpū: ʻO ka ʻōpū ʻōpū kahi ʻano laha ʻole i loaʻa pinepine ʻia i nā keiki, ʻo ia hoʻi nā haunaele gastrointestinal i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka hana hopu epileptiform. Ua wehewehe ʻia ma ke ʻano he ʻano epilepsy lobe kūlohelohe. Hiki ke pane i ka anticonvulsants i ke kuhi. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā puke olakino paʻi ʻia e pili ana i ka epilepsy ʻōpū ma ke ʻano o nā hōʻike hihia pākahi. Ua loaʻa kahi ʻatikala loiloi 2005 i ka nui o 36 mau hihia i wehewehe ʻia i loko o nā puke olakino.
Liposuction: ʻO ka liposuction, a i ʻole lipo maʻalahi , kahi ʻano hana wehe-momona i hoʻohana ʻia i ke ʻoki plastik. ʻAʻole kākoʻo nā hōʻike i kahi hopena ma ke kaupaona ma mua o ʻelua mau mahina a ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia e hoʻopili i nā pilikia pili i ka momona. Ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ʻo ka liposuction ka ʻoki cosmetic maʻamau maʻamau.
ʻImi ʻōpū: ʻO ka nānā ʻana i ka ʻōpū kahi ʻāpana o ka hoʻokolokolo kino a ke kauka a kahu hānai paha e hoʻohana ai e mālama pono i ka ʻōpū o ka mea maʻi no nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi. Kū pinepine ka ninaninau kino ma hope o ka lawe ʻia ʻana o ka mōʻaukala olakino, ʻo ia hoʻi, ma hope o ka nīnau ʻana a ke kauka i ka mea maʻi i ke ʻano o kā lākou mau hōʻailona. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka nānā ʻana o ka ʻōpū i ʻehā mau ʻāpana: ʻo ka mua, ka nānā ʻana o ka mea hoʻomanawanui a me nā hiʻohiʻona i ʻike ʻia o ko lākou ʻōpū. Auscultation (hoʻolohe ʻana) o ka ʻōpū me kahi stethoscope. Palpation o ka ʻōpū o ka mea maʻi. ʻO ka hope, percussion (kaomi ʻana) o ka ʻōpū o ka mea maʻi a me nā ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū. Kaukaʻi ʻia i ka pono e hoʻāʻo no nā maʻi kikoʻī e like me ka ascites, hana ʻia paha nā hoʻokolohua kūikawā ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana o ka hoʻokolokolo kino. Hiki ke hana ʻia kahi hoʻokolohua ʻōpū no ka mea ke manaʻo nei ke kauka i kahi maʻi o nā meaola i loko o ka lua o ka ʻōpū, a i ʻole ma ke ʻano he mahele o kahi hoʻokolokolo kino piha no nā kūlana ʻē aʻe. I loko o kahi hoʻokolohua kino piha, ka classistic exam muli ma muli o ka hanu ninaninau a me ka maʻi puʻuwai.
ʻImi ʻōpū: ʻO ka nānā ʻana i ka ʻōpū kahi ʻāpana o ka hoʻokolokolo kino a ke kauka a kahu hānai paha e hoʻohana ai e mālama pono i ka ʻōpū o ka mea maʻi no nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi. Kū pinepine ka ninaninau kino ma hope o ka lawe ʻia ʻana o ka mōʻaukala olakino, ʻo ia hoʻi, ma hope o ka nīnau ʻana a ke kauka i ka mea maʻi i ke ʻano o kā lākou mau hōʻailona. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka nānā ʻana o ka ʻōpū i ʻehā mau ʻāpana: ʻo ka mua, ka nānā ʻana o ka mea hoʻomanawanui a me nā hiʻohiʻona i ʻike ʻia o ko lākou ʻōpū. Auscultation (hoʻolohe ʻana) o ka ʻōpū me kahi stethoscope. Palpation o ka ʻōpū o ka mea maʻi. ʻO ka hope, percussion (kaomi ʻana) o ka ʻōpū o ka mea maʻi a me nā ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū. Kaukaʻi ʻia i ka pono e hoʻāʻo no nā maʻi kikoʻī e like me ka ascites, hana ʻia paha nā hoʻokolohua kūikawā ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana o ka hoʻokolokolo kino. Hiki ke hana ʻia kahi hoʻokolohua ʻōpū no ka mea ke manaʻo nei ke kauka i kahi maʻi o nā meaola i loko o ka lua o ka ʻōpū, a i ʻole ma ke ʻano he mahele o kahi hoʻokolokolo kino piha no nā kūlana ʻē aʻe. I loko o kahi hoʻokolohua kino piha, ka classistic exam muli ma muli o ka hanu ninaninau a me ka maʻi puʻuwai.
Hoʻoikaika kino ʻōpū: ʻO nā hoʻoikaika ʻōpū kahi ʻano hoʻoikaika ikaika e hoʻopili ai i nā mākala o ka ʻōpū. ʻO nā ʻōpū ʻehā nā ʻōpū o kou mau ʻōpū rectus, nā oblique o loko, nā oblique kūwaho, a me nā transinisus abdominis. Ke hana nei i nā hana ʻōpū he mea nui e hoʻomaopopo i nā hopena, nā hana, nā ʻano o nā hoʻoikaika kino, a noʻonoʻo e pili ana i ka hana palekana ʻana i kēia hoʻoikaika kino.
Hoʻoikaika kino ʻōpū: ʻO nā hoʻoikaika ʻōpū kahi ʻano hoʻoikaika ikaika e hoʻopili ai i nā mākala o ka ʻōpū. ʻO nā ʻōpū ʻehā nā ʻōpū o kou mau ʻōpū rectus, nā oblique o loko, nā oblique kūwaho, a me nā transinisus abdominis. Ke hana nei i nā hana ʻōpū he mea nui e hoʻomaopopo i nā hopena, nā hana, nā ʻano o nā hoʻoikaika kino, a noʻonoʻo e pili ana i ka hana palekana ʻana i kēia hoʻoikaika kino.
ʻO ka mākala oblique ʻōpū o waho: ʻO ka mākala oblique waho o ka ʻōpū ka mea nui a waho loa o nā mākala puku palahalaha ʻekolu o ka ʻōpū o mua.
Fascia ʻōpū: ʻO ka fascia ʻōpū ke kuhikuhi i nā ʻano fascia like ʻole i loaʻa i ka ʻāpana o ka ʻōpū. ʻO Fascia kahi ʻāpana o nā mea hoʻopili i ʻike ʻia ma lalo o ka ʻili e hoʻopili, paʻa, hoʻopili, a hoʻokaʻawale i nā mākala a me nā mea kūloko ʻē aʻe. He fascia kā kēlā me kēia, ʻoiai he ʻāpana ia o ka haku ʻana i ke kino o ke kanaka. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia ʻo Fascia e ka papa, a hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e ka wahi a i ʻole ka hana i loko o ke kino. ʻOiai ʻo ka fascia ʻōpū kahi ʻāpana maʻalahi o ka hana ʻana o ke kino o ke kanaka, aia kekahi mau ʻano ʻē aʻe a me nā hoʻopili ʻana o ka fascia ʻōpū kahi ʻāpana.
ʻO nāʻaʻaʻa Adipose: ʻO nāʻaʻaʻa Adipose , momona o ke kino , a i ʻole ka momona maʻalahi he mea hoʻopili pili ʻole i haku ʻia ka hapanui o nā adipocytes. Ma waho o nā adipocytes, loaʻa i kaʻiʻo adipose ka ʻāpana vascular stromal (SVF) o nā hunaola e like me preadipocytes, fibroblasts, vascular endothelial cells a me nā ʻano o nā cell immune e like me adcrose tissue macrophages. Loaʻa nāʻiʻo adipose mai nā preadipocytes. ʻO kāna hana nui ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu ma ke ʻano o nā lipids, ʻoiai ʻo ia nā ʻūlū a insulate hoʻi i ke kino. Ma mua loa o ka inert hormonally, ua ʻike ʻia nā kino adipose, i loko o nā makahiki i hala aku nei, ma ke ʻano he endocrine nui, no ka mea hoʻopuka ia i nā homone e like me leptin, estrogen, resistin, a me cytokine. ʻO nā ʻano ʻelua o nā kiko adipose he aʻa adipose keʻokeʻo (Wat), kahi e mālama ai i ka ikehu, a me nā meaola brown adipose (BAT), e hoʻoulu ai i ka wela o ke kino. ʻO ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o nāʻiʻo adipose e kāohi ʻia i kahi ʻāpana e ka ʻāpana adipose. ʻO nāʻiʻo Adipose - kahi kikoʻī kikoʻī ʻāpala - ʻike mua ʻia e ka naturalist Swiss Conrad Gessner ma 1551.
ʻO ka omentum nui: ʻO ka omentum ʻoi aku ka nui he apron-like pelu o visceral peritoneum e kau iho ana mai ka ʻōpū. Hoʻonui ʻia ia mai ka curvature ʻoi aku o ka ʻōpū, hele i mua o nā ʻōpū liʻiliʻi a hoʻi pālua i ka piʻi ʻana i ke kolonā transverse ma mua o ka hiki ʻana i ka paia o ka ʻōpū o hope. ʻO ka omentum ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ka omentum liʻiliʻi, e kau iho ana mai ke ake a i ka curvature liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka huaʻōlelo anatomical maʻamau ʻo "epiploic" i loaʻa mai "epiploon", mai ka Greek epipleein , ʻo ia hoʻi e lana a holo paha, no ka mea, ke lana nei ka omentum nui ma luna o ka ʻōpū. ʻO ia ka hale mua i ʻike ʻia ke wehe ʻia ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū ma mua.
Peritoneal loli: ʻO ka wai Peritoneal kahi wai serous i hana ʻia e ka peritoneum i loko o ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū e lubricate i ka ʻili o nā kiko i nā laina o ka paia o ka ʻōpū a me ka lua pelvic. Uhi ʻia i ka hapa nui o nā mea o loko o ka ʻōpū. Kapa ʻia kahi leo hoʻonui ʻia o ka wai peritoneal ʻo ascites.
Pneumoperitoneum: ʻO Pneumoperitoneum he pneumatosis i ka lua peritoneal, kahi manawa kūpono i loko o ka lua o ka ʻōpū. ʻO ke kumu maʻamau ka pūpū o ka ʻōpū perforated, ʻo ka mea maʻamau mai kahi ulcer peptic ulia, ʻoiai e ʻāpono ʻia kahi ʻāpana o ka ʻōpū mai kahi ulcer benign, tumo a i ʻole trauma trauma. ʻAʻohe pinepine ka appendix perforated i kahi pneumoperitoneum.
Pūhaka: ʻO ka pūhaka ka ʻāpana o ka ʻōpū ma waena o ka iwi ʻaoʻao a me nā pūhaka. I ka poʻe me nā kino wīwī, ʻo ka pūhaka ka ʻaoʻao ʻoi loa o ka kino.
ʻO Jockstrap: ʻO kahi jockstrap kahi lole lalo no ka pale ʻana i nā mea hoʻāʻo a me nā peni i ka wā o nā haʻuki pili, a i ʻole nā ​​hana hoʻoikaika kino ʻē aʻe. Aia kahi jockstrap o kahi kāʻei me kahi ʻeke kākoʻo no ka genitalia a me ʻelua mau kaula wili i hoʻopili ʻia i ke kumu o ka ʻeke a i nā ʻaoʻao hema a me ʻākau o ke kāʻei ma ka pūhaka. ʻO ka ʻeke, i kekahi ʻano, hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ka ʻeke e paʻa ai ke kiaʻi o ka ʻōpū e pale ai i nā testicle a me ka peni mai ka ʻeha.
Ke kiaʻi nei i ka ʻōpū: ʻO ka kiaʻi ʻōpū ka ʻumi o nā mākala o ka pā ʻōpū e kiaʻi ai i nā mea ʻā i loko o ka ʻōpū mai ka ʻeha o ke kaomi ma luna o lākou. ʻIke ʻia ka ʻumi ke paʻi ka pā ʻōpū. ʻO ka pale kiaʻi ʻōpū kekahi i kapa ʻia ʻo ' défense musculaire ' .
Ka lauoho ʻōpū: ʻO ka lauoho ʻōpū ka lauoho e ulu ma ka ʻōpū o nā kānaka a me nā mea hānai ʻole o ke kanaka, ma ka ʻāina ma waena o ka wahi pubic a me ka umauma (umauma). ʻO ka ulu ʻana o ka lauoho ʻōpū e hāhai i ke ʻano like ma ka ʻaneʻane o nā māmela āpau, e kū kiʻekiʻe i luna mai ka wahi pubic i luna a mai ka thorax i lalo a i ka piko. ʻO ka hulu o ka ʻōpū o nā mea momona ʻole kanaka he ʻāpana ia o ka pelage,.
Kaheʻana o ke koko: ʻO ke kahe ʻana , ka mea i ʻike ʻia he hemorrhage , haemorrhage , a i ʻole ka nalowale ʻana o ke koko , ke kahe o ke koko mai ka ʻōnaehana kahe mai nā kīʻaha koko i hōʻino ʻia. Hiki i loko o ke kahe ke kūloko, a i waho paha ma o ka puka kūlohelohe e like me ka waha, ihu, pepeiao, urethra, ʻāpau a i ʻole anus, a ma o kahi ʻeha i ka ʻili. kapa ʻia ke koko he exsanguination. ʻO ka maʻamau, hiki i kahi kanaka olakino ke hoʻomanawanui i ka nalo ʻana o 10-15% o ka nui o ke koko me ka ʻole o nā pilikia olakino koʻikoʻi. ʻO ke kū ʻana a i ʻole ka kaohi ʻana o ke kahe ʻana i kapa ʻia he hestasis a he ʻāpana nui ia o ke kōkua mua a me ke ʻoki kino. I kēia mau lā he nui nā lāʻau lapaʻau e hoʻohana i kahi mana olakino o "super glue" ma kahi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kuʻuna kuʻuna i hoʻohana ʻia no nā ʻeha liʻiliʻi e pono ai ke pani ma ka pae o ka ʻili.
Hernia: ʻO kahi hernia ka puka maʻamau o nā kiko a i ʻole kahi meaola, e like me ka ʻōpū, ma o ka paia o ka lua e noho mau ai ia. Hele mai ʻo Hernias i kekahi mau ʻano. ʻO ka mea maʻamau pili lākou i ka ʻōpū, kikoʻī ke aʻa. ʻO ka hernias Groin ka mea maʻamau o ka inguinal type akā he femoral paha. ʻO nā hernias ʻē aʻe e pili pū ana me hiatus, incisional, a me umbilical hernias. Aia nā ʻōuli ma kahi o 66% o ka poʻe me ka hernias groin. Pākuʻi paha kēia i ka ʻeha a i ʻole hōʻoluʻolu ʻole, keu hoʻi me ke kaʻe ʻana, ka hoʻoikaika kino a i ʻole ke hele ʻana i ka lua. ʻO ka pinepine, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma loko o ka lā a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka wā e moe ana. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia kahi wahi ʻōhū a nui aʻe i ka wā e hāpai ana i lalo. Kū pinepine nā hernias Groin ma ka ʻākau ma mua o ka ʻaoʻao hema. ʻO ka hopohopo nui ka ʻoki ʻana, kahi i ālai ʻia ai ka hāʻawi koko i kahi ʻāpana o ka ʻōpū. Hana kēia i ka ʻehaʻeha a me ka palupalu i ka wahi. ʻO Hiatus, a hiatal paha, hernias pinepine ka hopena i ka puʻuwai puʻuwai akā hiki paha ke hōʻeha i ka umauma a i ʻole ʻeha me ka ʻai ʻana.
Hysterectomy: ʻO Hysterectomy ka wehe ʻana o ka uterus. Pili pū paha ia i ka hemo ʻana o ka cervix, ovaries (oophorectomy), Fallopian tubes (salpingectomy), a me nā hale pili ʻē aʻe.
Maʻiʻaʻai Intra-ʻōpū: ʻO ka maʻi maʻi Intra-ʻōpū kahi hui o nā maʻi i kū i loko o ka lua o ka ʻōpū. Hoʻololi lākou mai ka appendicitis i ka peritonitis fecal. ʻOi aku ka makaʻu i ka make ʻoiai ʻo ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa pinepine.
Kanal Inguinal: ʻO nā kanal inguinal nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua i ka paia o ka ʻōpū o mua o nā kānaka a me nā holoholona i hōʻike ʻia i nā kāne i nā kaula spermatic a i nā wahine ka ligament āpau o ka kōpū. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā canal inguinal a ʻoi aku ka nui i nā kāne. Aia hoʻokahi kanal inguinal ma kēlā me kēia ʻaoʻao o ka laina waena.
Hoʻopilikia ʻōpū: ʻO ka ʻōpū ʻōpū kahi hōʻeha i ka ʻōpū. ʻO nā hōʻailona a me nā hōʻailona me ka ʻeha o ka ʻōpū, palupalu, ʻoʻoleʻa, a me ka ʻeha o ka ʻōpū o waho. Komo pū nā pilikia me ke kahe o ke koko a me ka maʻi.
ʻO ka mākala oblique ʻōpū: ʻO ka mākala oblique ʻōpū o loko , a me nā mākala oblique o loko a i ʻole oblique i loko , kahi ʻūpū o ka ʻōpū i ka paia o ka ʻōpū e moe ana ma lalo o ka mākala oblique waho a ma luna pono o ka mākala transverse ʻōpū.
ʻO ka mākala oblique ʻōpū: ʻO ka mākala oblique ʻōpū o loko , a me nā mākala oblique o loko a i ʻole oblique i loko , kahi ʻūpū o ka ʻōpū i ka paia o ka ʻōpū e moe ana ma lalo o ka mākala oblique waho a ma luna pono o ka mākala transverse ʻōpū.
Nūpū nui: ʻO kahi nui o ka ʻōpū kahi mea hoʻonui kūloko a i ʻole ka pehu ʻana i loko o ka ʻōpū o ke kanaka. Kaukaʻi ʻia i kona wahi, hiki i ka nui o ka ʻōpū e kumu ʻia e kahi ake nui (hepatomegaly), ākea ākea (splenomegaly), hakuʻala protruding, kahi nui pancreatic, kahi nui retroperitoneal, aneurysm aortic aortic, a i ʻole nā ​​tumors like ʻole, e like me nā mea i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka maʻi kanesa ʻōpū a me ka metastasis omental. Pili nā mālama i ke kumu, a mai ka makaʻala paha e kali ana i ke ʻoki koʻikoʻi.
Nūpū nui: ʻO kahi nui o ka ʻōpū kahi mea hoʻonui kūloko a i ʻole ka pehu ʻana i loko o ka ʻōpū o ke kanaka. Kaukaʻi ʻia i kona wahi, hiki i ka nui o ka ʻōpū e kumu ʻia e kahi ake nui (hepatomegaly), ākea ākea (splenomegaly), hakuʻala protruding, kahi nui pancreatic, kahi nui retroperitoneal, aneurysm aortic aortic, a i ʻole nā ​​tumors like ʻole, e like me nā mea i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka maʻi kanesa ʻōpū a me ka metastasis omental. Pili nā mālama i ke kumu, a mai ka makaʻala paha e kali ana i ke ʻoki koʻikoʻi.
ʻO migraine ʻōpū: ʻO ka migraine ʻōpū kahi maʻi nui o nā keiki e hōʻike nei me nā ʻāpana o ka ʻeha o ka ʻōpū me ka ʻole o ka ʻeha pū me ke poʻo. He paʻakikī e hōʻoia i ke kuhi no ka mea ʻaʻohe o nā hiʻohiʻona i kikoʻī a pēlā e hiki ai ke lawe i ka manawa ma mua o ka hana ʻia ʻana o ka maʻi. Kākaʻikahi ke ʻano i ka poʻe mākua; Eia nō naʻe, hiki i nā keiki i ʻike ʻia me ka migraines ʻōpū ke loaʻa i ka maʻi ʻōlohelohe o ka migraine ma ke ʻano he poʻe mākua.
Abdomen: Ke abdomen o ka hapa o ke kino ma waena o ka thorax (pahu) a me pelvis, i kānaka, a me nā vertebrates. ʻO ka ʻōpū ka ʻaoʻao mua o ka ʻāpana o ka ʻōpū o ka pahu. ʻO ka wahi i noho ʻia e ka ʻōpū i kapa ʻia ʻo ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū. I nā arthropods ʻo ia ka tagma hope o ke kino; hāhai ia i ka thorax a i ʻole cephalothorax.
Abdomen: Ke abdomen o ka hapa o ke kino ma waena o ka thorax (pahu) a me pelvis, i kānaka, a me nā vertebrates. ʻO ka ʻōpū ka ʻaoʻao mua o ka ʻāpana o ka ʻōpū o ka pahu. ʻO ka wahi i noho ʻia e ka ʻōpū i kapa ʻia ʻo ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū. I nā arthropods ʻo ia ka tagma hope o ke kino; hāhai ia i ka thorax a i ʻole cephalothorax.
Anatomi popoki: ʻO ka anatomy o ka pōpoki kūloko e like me nā lālā ʻē aʻe o ka genus Felis .
ʻAno ʻole ka puʻupuʻu ʻōpū me microphthalmia a me ka laxity hui: ʻAno ʻole ka puʻupuʻu ʻōpū me ka microphthalmia a me ka laxity hui kahi maʻi kanaka maʻamau i ʻike nui ʻia e ka ligamentous laxity, nā maka liʻiliʻi, ka ʻole o nā mākala o ka ʻōpū a me nā anomalies o ka maka.
ʻAno ʻole ka puʻupuʻu ʻōpū me microphthalmia a me ka laxity hui: ʻAno ʻole ka puʻupuʻu ʻōpū me ka microphthalmia a me ka laxity hui kahi maʻi kanaka maʻamau i ʻike nui ʻia e ka ligamentous laxity, nā maka liʻiliʻi, ka ʻole o nā mākala o ka ʻōpū a me nā anomalies o ka maka.
Kaula aʻalolo Ventral: ʻO ke kaula nerve ventral (VNC) kahi hanana nui o ka ʻōnaehana waena waena invertebrate. ʻO ia ka hana like o ka vertebrate spinal cord. Hoʻonohonoho ka VNC i ka neural signaling mai ka lolo i ke kino a ʻo ka hope, hoʻohui i ka hoʻokomo sensory a me ka hopena locomotor. Hiki i nāʻeneke kūpilikiʻi ke hele wāwae, ke kāne a me ka hoa, e hōʻike ana ua lawa ke kaapuni o ka VNC e hana i nā polokalamu kaʻa me ka komo 'ole o ka lolo.
Ka momona o ka ʻōpū: ʻO ka momona o ka ʻōpū , i ʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano momona a me ka momona o ka truncal , kahi kūlana ke kūkulu ʻia ka momona o ka ʻōpū a puni ka ʻōpū a me ka ʻōpū a hiki i ka hopena e hopena maikaʻi ʻole i ke olakino. Ua pili pili loa ka momona o ka momona i ka maʻi maʻi maʻi, ka maʻi ʻo Alzheimer, a me nā maʻi metabolic a me nā vaskular.
Abdomen: Ke abdomen o ka hapa o ke kino ma waena o ka thorax (pahu) a me pelvis, i kānaka, a me nā vertebrates. ʻO ka ʻōpū ka ʻaoʻao mua o ka ʻāpana o ka ʻōpū o ka pahu. ʻO ka wahi i noho ʻia e ka ʻōpū i kapa ʻia ʻo ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū. I nā arthropods ʻo ia ka tagma hope o ke kino; hāhai ia i ka thorax a i ʻole cephalothorax.
Abdomen: Ke abdomen o ka hapa o ke kino ma waena o ka thorax (pahu) a me pelvis, i kānaka, a me nā vertebrates. ʻO ka ʻōpū ka ʻaoʻao mua o ka ʻāpana o ka ʻōpū o ka pahu. ʻO ka wahi i noho ʻia e ka ʻōpū i kapa ʻia ʻo ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū. I nā arthropods ʻo ia ka tagma hope o ke kino; hāhai ia i ka thorax a i ʻole cephalothorax.
Fallopian Tube: ʻO nā paipu Fallopian , i ʻike ʻia he mau paipu uterine , salpinges , a i ʻole nā oviduct , he mau paipu ia e kīloi ana mai ka pūpū a i nā ovaries, a he ʻāpana o ka ʻōnaehana hānau wahine.
Abdominal eha: ʻO ka ʻeha o ka ʻōpū , ʻike ʻia hoʻi me ka ʻeha o ka ʻōpū , kahi hōʻailona e pili pū me nā pilikia olakino ʻole a koʻikoʻi hoʻi.
Abdominal eha: ʻO ka ʻeha o ka ʻōpū , ʻike ʻia hoʻi me ka ʻeha o ka ʻōpū , kahi hōʻailona e pili pū me nā pilikia olakino ʻole a koʻikoʻi hoʻi.
ʻImi ʻōpū: ʻO ka nānā ʻana i ka ʻōpū kahi ʻāpana o ka hoʻokolokolo kino a ke kauka a kahu hānai paha e hoʻohana ai e mālama pono i ka ʻōpū o ka mea maʻi no nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi. Kū pinepine ka ninaninau kino ma hope o ka lawe ʻia ʻana o ka mōʻaukala olakino, ʻo ia hoʻi, ma hope o ka nīnau ʻana a ke kauka i ka mea maʻi i ke ʻano o kā lākou mau hōʻailona. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka nānā ʻana o ka ʻōpū i ʻehā mau ʻāpana: ʻo ka mua, ka nānā ʻana o ka mea hoʻomanawanui a me nā hiʻohiʻona i ʻike ʻia o ko lākou ʻōpū. Auscultation (hoʻolohe ʻana) o ka ʻōpū me kahi stethoscope. Palpation o ka ʻōpū o ka mea maʻi. ʻO ka hope, percussion (kaomi ʻana) o ka ʻōpū o ka mea maʻi a me nā ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū. Kaukaʻi ʻia i ka pono e hoʻāʻo no nā maʻi kikoʻī e like me ka ascites, hana ʻia paha nā hoʻokolohua kūikawā ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana o ka hoʻokolokolo kino. Hiki ke hana ʻia kahi hoʻokolohua ʻōpū no ka mea ke manaʻo nei ke kauka i kahi maʻi o nā meaola i loko o ka lua o ka ʻōpū, a i ʻole ma ke ʻano he mahele o kahi hoʻokolokolo kino piha no nā kūlana ʻē aʻe. I loko o kahi hoʻokolohua kino piha, ka classistic exam muli ma muli o ka hanu ninaninau a me ka maʻi puʻuwai.
Paracentesis: ʻO Paracentesis kahi ʻano o ke kaʻina hana hōʻike wai wai, e pili pinepine ana i ka peritoneocentesis kahi i kuʻi ʻia ai ka lua peritoneal e kahi nila e hoʻowali i ka wai peritoneal.
ʻO ka Abdominoperineal resection: ʻO kahi kuhi o ka ʻōpū , ʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he ʻoki o ka ʻūhū a me ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana o ka ʻōpū he ʻōpala ia no ka maʻi ʻaʻai maʻi paha a me ka maʻi ʻaʻai anal. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ʻo AP resection , APR a me APER .
ʻO ka pigmentation ʻōpū ma Drosophila melanogaster: ʻO ka pigmentation ʻōpū ma Drosophila melanogaster kahi maʻalahi maʻalahi akā ʻano loli pinepine i loaʻa ka mana adaptive. Ua aʻo nui ʻia ka pigmentation ma Drosophila melanogaster . Ua hoʻohana ʻia me ke kumu hoʻohālikelike no ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana a me ka ulu ʻana o nā phenotypes morphological.
Papa (hoʻoikaika kino): ʻO ka plank kahi hoʻoikaika ikaika nui isometric e pili ana i ka mālama ʻana i kahi kūlana e like me ka pahu paʻi no ka manawa kūpono loa.
Hapai ʻōpū: An abdominal hāpai keiki hiki e manao like kekahi ano o ka ectopic hāpai keiki ma ka embryo a fetus e ulu ana a me ka ulu mawaho o ka opu mai i loko o ka abdomen, akā,ʻaʻole i loko o ka Fallopian Tube, ovary a palahalaha ligament.
Nā lole Cricket a me nā pono hana: Hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā lole Cricket a me nā lako e nā kānāwai o ka cricket. ʻO nā lole Cricket, i ʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he keʻokeʻo cricket, a i ʻole nā ​​flannels, he hoʻokuʻu liʻiliʻi ia i mea e kāohi ʻole ai i ka neʻe ʻana o nā mea pāʻani. Hoʻohana pū ʻia me nā pono pale, e like me nā mahiole cricket, nā mīkina lima a me nā pale.
Visceroptosis: ʻO Visceroptosis kahi hoʻolaha a i ʻole kahi poho o ka viscera ʻōpū ma lalo o ko lākou kūlana kūlohelohe. ʻO "Ptosis" ka huaʻōlelo ho'ākāka, kekahi a i ʻole nā ​​aʻa a pau e hoʻoneʻe ʻia i lalo. Ke pili wale ka ʻōpū, ʻike ʻia ke ʻano he enteroptosis . Ke loaʻa ka ʻōpū ma lalo o kona kūlana maʻamau, hoʻohana ʻia ka huaʻōlelo gastroptosis . Aia ke ʻano i nā kekelē āpau o ke koʻikoʻi a ʻaʻole paha e hāpai i nā ʻōuli maikaʻi ʻole.
Nā quadrants a me nā wahi o ka ʻōpū: Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka ʻōpū kanaka i nā quadrants a me nā wahi e nā anatomists a me nā kauka no nā kumu o ke aʻo ʻana, ka hōʻoia ʻana, a me ka lapaʻau ʻO ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ʻehā mau quadrants e ʻae i ka wahi o ka ʻeha a me ka palupalu, nā ʻili, nā puʻupuʻu, a me nā mea hoihoi ʻē aʻe, e hoʻopili ana i nā ʻōpala a me nā mea i pili. Kuhi ʻia nā quadrants me ka quadrant hema haʻahaʻa, ka quadrant hema ma luna, ka quadrant luna pono a me ka quadrant ʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa ʻākau. ʻAʻole hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau huaʻōlelo i ka anatomy hoʻohālikelike, ʻoiai ʻaʻole kū pololei ka hapa nui o nā holoholona ʻē aʻe.
Nā quadrants a me nā wahi o ka ʻōpū: Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka ʻōpū kanaka i nā quadrants a me nā wahi e nā anatomists a me nā kauka no nā kumu o ke aʻo ʻana, ka hōʻoia ʻana, a me ka lapaʻau ʻO ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ʻehā mau quadrants e ʻae i ka wahi o ka ʻeha a me ka palupalu, nā ʻili, nā puʻupuʻu, a me nā mea hoihoi ʻē aʻe, e hoʻopili ana i nā ʻōpala a me nā mea i pili. Kuhi ʻia nā quadrants me ka quadrant hema haʻahaʻa, ka quadrant hema ma luna, ka quadrant luna pono a me ka quadrant ʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa ʻākau. ʻAʻole hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau huaʻōlelo i ka anatomy hoʻohālikelike, ʻoiai ʻaʻole kū pololei ka hapa nui o nā holoholona ʻē aʻe.
ʻO x-ray ʻōpū: ʻO ka x-ray ʻōpū he x-ray o ka ʻōpū. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ia i kekahi manawa iā AXR, a i ʻole KUB.
ʻO kaʻiʻo Rectus abdominis: ʻO ka mākala o ka rectus abdominis , i ʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he " ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū ", he mākia paʻa e holo pākū ana ma kēlā me kēia ʻaoʻao o ka paia mua o ka ʻōpū o ke kanaka, a me kekahi o nā mea ʻimi ʻē aʻe. Aia nā mākua like ʻelua, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e ka laina waena o nā mea hoʻopili i kapa ʻia ʻo linea alba. Hoʻonui ʻia ia mai ka pubic symphysis, pubic crest a me ka tubercle pubic ma lalo, i ke kaʻina xiphoid a me nā cartilages costal o nā iwi aoao V a hiki i ka VII kiʻekiʻe. ʻO nā mea hoʻopili proximal ʻo ia ka pubic crest a me ka symphysis pubic. Hoʻopili paʻa ia i nā cartilages o nā iwi aoao 5-7 a me ke kaʻina xiphoid o ka sternum.
ʻO ka reflex Abdominal: ʻO ka reflex abdomen kahi reflu neurological superficial i hoʻoulu ʻia e ka hahau ʻana o ka ʻōpū a puni ka umbilicus. Hiki ke kōkua i ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka pae o kahi leona kikowaena waena (CNS) leona. ʻOiai he reflex superficial, he polysynaptic ia.
Leo umauma: ʻO ka leo umauma kahi manawa i hoʻohana ʻia i loko o nā mele leo. Hoʻololi ka hoʻohana ʻana o kēia huaʻōlelo i waena o nā pōʻaiako leo mele a ʻaʻohe manaʻo kūlike i waena o nā loea mele e pili ana i kēia huaʻōlelo. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka leo umauma e pili ana i kēia: ʻO kahi ʻāpana o ka pae leo a i ʻole ke ʻano o ka papa inoa leo Kahi e kani leo ʻO kahi timbre leo kikoʻī
Retractor ('inikua): ʻO kahi retractor kahi mea ʻoki lāʻau i hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻokaʻawale i nā kihi o kahi ʻokiʻoki a i ʻole ʻeha, a i ʻole e hoʻopaʻa i nā mea i lalo a me nā aʻa i hiki ai i nā ʻāpana o ke kino ma lalo o ka ʻoki. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa pinepine ka retractor manawa i kahi mea kila kila maʻalahi e paʻa ana i ka piko, i hoʻopili ʻia, a i ʻole kihi kihi a hoʻokomo ʻia me kahi lima ʻoluʻolu, ke mālama pono ia i kahi i makemake ʻia o kahi ʻāpana i hāʻawi ʻia o nā mea. Hiki ke hoʻopaʻa lima ʻia kēia mau retractors maʻalahi, hoʻopaʻa ʻia i kahi, a i ʻole ke kau ʻia ma ka hopena o kahi lima robotic. Hiki iā Retractors ke mālama iā ia iho a ʻaʻole pono e hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka manawa i hoʻokomo ʻia e ka ʻelua a ʻoi paha mau ʻaoʻao kūʻē a i ʻole nā ​​lou i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e ka puna, ratchet, worm gear a me nā ʻano hana ʻē aʻe. Hoʻohana ʻia ka huaʻōlelo retractor e wehewehe i nā lakohana paʻa lima e like me nā mea hoʻolaha iwi ʻaoʻao a hiki i nā kaukipō ke kipaku ikaika aku i nā mea ʻokoʻa e loaʻa ai ka hōʻike. No nā kūlana kūikawā e like me ke kīʻaha o ke kuamoʻo, ua hoʻokau ʻia nā retractors me ka omo a me nā kukui fiberoptic e mālama i kahi ʻeha ʻeha a hoʻomālamalama ʻia.
Gastralium: ʻO Gastralia nā iwi dermal i loaʻa i ka paia kino ventral o nā crocodilians hou a me nā tuatara. Loaʻa lākou ma waena o ka sternum a me ka pelvis, a ʻaʻole e haʻi me ka vertebrae. I kēia mau mea kolo, hāʻawi ka gastralia i ke kākoʻo no ka ʻōpū a me nā wahi hoʻopili no nā mākala o ka ʻōpū.
Gastralium: ʻO Gastralia nā iwi dermal i loaʻa i ka paia kino ventral o nā crocodilians hou a me nā tuatara. Loaʻa lākou ma waena o ka sternum a me ka pelvis, a ʻaʻole e haʻi me ka vertebrae. I kēia mau mea kolo, hāʻawi ka gastralia i ke kākoʻo no ka ʻōpū a me nā wahi hoʻopili no nā mākala o ka ʻōpū.
Ke kiaʻi nei i ka ʻōpū: ʻO ka kiaʻi ʻōpū ka ʻumi o nā mākala o ka pā ʻōpū e kiaʻi ai i nā mea ʻā i loko o ka ʻōpū mai ka ʻeha o ke kaomi ma luna o lākou. ʻIke ʻia ka ʻumi ke paʻi ka pā ʻōpū. ʻO ka pale kiaʻi ʻōpū kekahi i kapa ʻia ʻo ' défense musculaire ' .
Nā apo Inguinal: Hiki i ke apo Inguinal ke kuhikuhi i: ʻO ke apo inguinal superficial Paʻa inguinal hohonu
Nā apo Inguinal: Hiki i ke apo Inguinal ke kuhikuhi i: ʻO ke apo inguinal superficial Paʻa inguinal hohonu
Abdomen: Ke abdomen o ka hapa o ke kino ma waena o ka thorax (pahu) a me pelvis, i kānaka, a me nā vertebrates. ʻO ka ʻōpū ka ʻaoʻao mua o ka ʻāpana o ka ʻōpū o ka pahu. ʻO ka wahi i noho ʻia e ka ʻōpū i kapa ʻia ʻo ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū. I nā arthropods ʻo ia ka tagma hope o ke kino; hāhai ia i ka thorax a i ʻole cephalothorax.
Diastasis recti: Hoʻomaopopo ʻia ka diastasis recti , a i ʻole ka rectus abdominis diastasis , ma ke ʻano he āpau ma kahi o 2.7 knm a ʻoi aku paha ma waena o nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua o ka mākala rectus abdominis. ʻO ka mamao ma waena o ka ʻākau a me ka hema hema o nā mākala abdominis i hana ʻia e ke kau ʻana o ka linea alba, kahi she collagen sheath i hana ʻia e nā hoʻokomo aponeurosis o nā transinis abdominis, nā oblique kūloko, a me nā oblique kūwaho. ʻAʻohe pili pili i kēia maʻi a make paha.
Halulu ka ʻōpū: A opu rumble, iʻikeʻia ma ka naʻau i kani, peristaltic kani, abdominal kani, Oe gut a borborygmus, ua he kalaka, growling a gurgling halulu hua mai la ia e holo ana i kahi o ka gastro-intestinal'āpana me ka mea i propelled ma ka uuku liʻiliʻi e kahi moʻo o nā kuʻina muscle i kapa ʻia he peristalsis. Hiki i kahi mea mālama ola hoʻomaʻamaʻa ke hoʻolohe i kēia mau ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū me kahi stethoscope, akā lohe ʻia paha lākou e lohe ʻia me ka pepeiao ʻōlohelohe i ka neʻe ʻana o ka wai a me ke kinoea i loko o nā ʻōpū. ʻO ka nele o ke kani o ke ʻōpū he hōʻike ia o ka ileus, ālai ʻōpū, a i ʻole kekahi ʻano pathology koʻikoʻi.
Halulu ka ʻōpū: A opu rumble, iʻikeʻia ma ka naʻau i kani, peristaltic kani, abdominal kani, Oe gut a borborygmus, ua he kalaka, growling a gurgling halulu hua mai la ia e holo ana i kahi o ka gastro-intestinal'āpana me ka mea i propelled ma ka uuku liʻiliʻi e kahi moʻo o nā kuʻina muscle i kapa ʻia he peristalsis. Hiki i kahi mea mālama ola hoʻomaʻamaʻa ke hoʻolohe i kēia mau ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū me kahi stethoscope, akā lohe ʻia paha lākou e lohe ʻia me ka pepeiao ʻōlohelohe i ka neʻe ʻana o ka wai a me ke kinoea i loko o nā ʻōpū. ʻO ka nele o ke kani o ke ʻōpū he hōʻike ia o ka ileus, ālai ʻōpū, a i ʻole kekahi ʻano pathology koʻikoʻi.
Mālama ka mokomoko ʻoihana: Mālama nā ʻumeʻume mokulele i kekahi o nā neʻe i hoʻonohonoho ʻia a me nā mākia i hoʻohana ʻia e nā mea hana e hoʻoliʻiliʻi i ko lākou mau hoa paio a i ʻole alakaʻi i kahi waiho. Uhi ʻia kēia ʻatikala i nā mākia like ʻole, kikoo a me nā paʻa hoʻololi i hoʻohana ʻia i ke apo. Hoʻohana kekahi mau mokomoko i kēia mau paʻa ma ke ʻano he maneuvers hoʻopau, pinepine i ka inoa ʻana iā lākou e hōʻike i ko lākou ʻano a i ʻole persona. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā neʻe ma lalo o nā mahele maʻamau inā hiki.
Nā kaha kau: ʻO nā kaha kau , ʻike ʻia ʻo Striae a i ʻole Striae distensae , kahi ʻano o ka scarring ma ka ʻili me ka hue kala ʻē. Mahope o ka manawa e emi paha lākou, akā ʻaʻole e nalo loa. Hoʻokumu ʻia nā māka kikoo e ka haehae ʻana o nā dermis i nā wā o ka ulu wikiwiki ʻana o ke kino, e like me ka wā ʻōpio a hāpai paha. I ka hāpai keiki hana mau lākou i ka manawa o ka trimester hope loa, a ma ka ʻōpū ka maʻamau, akā e kau mau ʻia ma nā umauma, nā ʻūhā, nā pūhaka, nā kua a me nā ʻūlū liʻiliʻi ʻike ʻia kēia mau mea ʻo striae gravidarum . Hiki ke hoʻohuli ʻia nā kaha kikoo e nā loli hormonal e pili ana i ka wā ʻōpio, hāpai keiki, bodybuilding, a i ʻole hoʻōla pani hormonone. ʻAʻohe hōʻike e hoʻohana ʻia nā kalima i ka wā o ka hāpai hāpai I ka manawa a lākou i hana ai ʻaʻohe lapaʻau kūpono maikaʻi, ʻoiai ua hoʻāʻo ʻia a aʻo ʻia nā ʻano like ʻole.
ʻOki kino ʻōpū: ʻO ka ʻōlelo ʻōpū ʻōpū e uhi ākea i nā kaʻina hana e pili ana i ka wehe ʻana o ka ʻōpū (laparotomy). Hoʻokaʻawale ʻoki ʻia kēlā me kēia ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū e pili ana i ka wehewehe ʻana o kēlā ʻokana ʻO nā maʻi e pili ana i ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū e hana maʻamau ʻia ma lalo o kā lākou mau inoa ponoʻī.
ʻO Lumbar ganglia: ʻO ka ganglia lumbar he ganglia paravertebral aia i ka hapa haʻahaʻa o ka pahu simpati. ʻO ka ʻāpana lumbar o ke kumu sympathetic he 4 mau lumbar ganglia. Kū mai nā aʻa lumbar splanchnic mai nā ganglia mai, a hāʻawi i nā fiber efferent aloha i nā plexuse kokoke. ʻO ka hui mua o nā lumbar ganglia ʻelua e kamaʻilio keʻokeʻo a hina hina.
Palupalu (lāʻau lapaʻau): I ka lapaau, no ka palupalu o ka eha, a me discomfort ka wā i hoʻohuli ai i nā wahi ua hoopa mai. ʻAʻole pono e huikau ʻia me ka ʻeha a ka mea hoʻomanawanui e ʻike ai me ka hoʻopā ʻole ʻana. ʻO ka ʻeha ka ʻike hoʻomanawanui, ʻoiai ʻo ka palupalu kahi hōʻailona e elicits kahi kauka.
ʻO ka colitis Ischemic: ʻO ka colitis Ischemic kahi ʻano olakino kahi i loaʻa ai ka mumū a me ka ʻeha o ka ʻōpū nui mai ka lawa ʻole o ke koko. ʻOiai ʻike ʻole ʻia i ka heluna lehulehu, ʻike ʻia ka colitis ischemic me ke alapine ʻoi aku ka nui i nā ʻelemākule, a ʻo ia ke ʻano maʻamau o ka ischemia bowel. ʻO nā kumu o ke kahe ʻana o ke kahe o ke koko e hiki ke hoʻopili i nā loli i ka ʻōnaehana ʻōnaehana a i ʻole nā ​​mea kūloko e like me ka constrict o nā kīʻaha koko a i ʻole ke koko. I ka hapanui o nā hihia, ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻike ʻia kekahi kumu kikoʻī.
Hoʻokomo ka ʻōpū: ʻO nā kīʻaha ʻōpū , ʻo ia hoʻi ka maneuver Heimlich / maneuver , kahi hana kōkua mua i hoʻohana ʻia e mālama ai i nā ālai ākea o luna e nā mea haole. Hoʻomaikaʻi pinepine ʻia ke kauka ʻAmelika ʻo Henry Heimlich no ka loaʻa ʻana. ʻO ka hana ʻana i nā ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū ke komo i kahi mea hoʻopakele e kū ana ma hope o ka mea maʻi a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kona mau lima e hoʻokau i kaomi ma lalo o ka diaphragm. Hoʻopili kēia i nā akemāmā a hoʻokau i ke kaomi ma luna o nā mea āpau i waiho ʻia i ka trachea, me ka manaʻolana e kipaku aku iā ia.
Hoʻokomo ka ʻōpū: ʻO nā kīʻaha ʻōpū , ʻo ia hoʻi ka maneuver Heimlich / maneuver , kahi hana kōkua mua i hoʻohana ʻia e mālama ai i nā ālai ākea o luna e nā mea haole. Hoʻomaikaʻi pinepine ʻia ke kauka ʻAmelika ʻo Henry Heimlich no ka loaʻa ʻana. ʻO ka hana ʻana i nā ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū ke komo i kahi mea hoʻopakele e kū ana ma hope o ka mea maʻi a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kona mau lima e hoʻokau i kaomi ma lalo o ka diaphragm. Hoʻopili kēia i nā akemāmā a hoʻokau i ke kaomi ma luna o nā mea āpau i waiho ʻia i ka trachea, me ka manaʻolana e kipaku aku iā ia.
Hoʻopilikia ʻōpū: ʻO ka ʻōpū ʻōpū kahi hōʻeha i ka ʻōpū. ʻO nā hōʻailona a me nā hōʻailona me ka ʻeha o ka ʻōpū, palupalu, ʻoʻoleʻa, a me ka ʻeha o ka ʻōpū o waho. Komo pū nā pilikia me ke kahe o ke koko a me ka maʻi.
ʻŌpū o ka ʻōpū: ʻO ka ʻōpū ʻōpū kahi ʻano o ka tuberculosis extrapulmonary e pili ana i nā ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū e like me nā ʻōpū, peritoneum a me nā pūnana lymph ʻōpū. Hiki iā ia ke hana i kahi kaʻawale a i ʻole me ka nānā mua ʻana i nā mea maʻi me ka maʻi kōpae.
ʻO ke kuni typhoid: ʻO ka fiva typhoid , ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo typhoid , kahi maʻi i hoʻokumu ʻia e Salmonella serotype Typhi bacteria. Hiki ke loli ke ʻano o nā ʻōuli mai ka ʻoluʻolu a i ʻole koʻikoʻi, a hoʻomaka pinepine i 6 a 30 mau lā ma hope o ka hōʻike ʻana. ʻO ka manawa pinepine ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kuni kiʻekiʻe ma luna o kekahi mau lā. Hoʻohui pinepine ʻia kēia me ka nāwaliwali, ʻeha o ka ʻōpū, paʻa paʻa, ʻeha poʻo, a me ka luaʻi māmā. Hoʻolālā kekahi poʻe i ka ʻili me nā kiko kala kala rose. I nā hihia koʻikoʻi, ʻike paha ka poʻe i ka huikau. Me ka ʻole o ka lapaʻau ʻana, he mau pule paha a mau mahina paha ka hopena. Kaha ʻole ka pehu. Lawe paha nā poʻe ʻē aʻe i ka maʻi bacteria me ka loli ʻole ʻia, akā hiki nō iā lākou ke hoʻolaha i ka maʻi i nā poʻe ʻē aʻe. ʻO ke kuni typhoid kahi ʻano o ke kuni komo, me ka maʻi fiva paratyphoid.
ʻO ke ultrasonography ʻōpū: ʻO ka ultrasonography ʻōpū kahi ʻano o ka ultrasonography lapaʻau e nānā i nā ʻōnaehana anatomical ʻōpū. Hoʻohana ia i ka lawe a me ke aniani o nā nalu ultrasound e ʻike i nā mea o loko ma o ka paia o ka ʻōpū. No kēia kumu, ua kapa ʻia kēia kaʻina hana he ultrasound transabdominal , i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ka ultrasound endoscopic, ʻo ka hope e hoʻohui nei i ka ultrasound me ka endoscopy ma o ka ʻike ʻana i nā hale o loko o nā hollow organ.
ʻO ke ultrasonography ʻōpū: ʻO ka ultrasonography ʻōpū kahi ʻano o ka ultrasonography lapaʻau e nānā i nā ʻōnaehana anatomical ʻōpū. Hoʻohana ia i ka lawe a me ke aniani o nā nalu ultrasound e ʻike i nā mea o loko ma o ka paia o ka ʻōpū. No kēia kumu, ua kapa ʻia kēia kaʻina hana he ultrasound transabdominal , i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ka ultrasound endoscopic, ʻo ka hope e hoʻohui nei i ka ultrasound me ka endoscopy ma o ka ʻike ʻana i nā hale o loko o nā hollow organ.
ʻĀhui (anatomy): ʻO kahi ʻōpala kahi hui o nā pūnaewele me nā hana like. Hilinaʻi ke ola mea kanu a me nā ola holoholona i nā mea ola he nui i noho pū i loko o nā ʻōnaehana.
ʻO ka luaʻi: ʻO ka luaʻi ka hoʻokū ʻole , hoʻokuke ikaika ʻole i nā mea o ka ʻōpū ma o ka waha a i kekahi manawa ka ihu.
Pā ʻōpū: I ka anatomy, hōʻike ka paia o ka ʻōpū i nā palena o ka lua o ka ʻōpū. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka paia o ka ʻōpū i loko o nā paia anterolateral a me hope.
Hewa ka paia ʻōpū: ʻO nā kīnā o ka paia ʻōpū kahi ʻano o ka hemahema hānau e ʻae ai i ka ʻōpū, nā ʻōpū, a i ʻole nā ​​mea ʻē aʻe e kū aʻe ma o ka puka ʻokoʻa e kū ma ka ʻōpū.
Hewa ka paia ʻōpū: ʻO nā kīnā o ka paia ʻōpū kahi ʻano o ka hemahema hānau e ʻae ai i ka ʻōpū, nā ʻōpū, a i ʻole nā ​​mea ʻē aʻe e kū aʻe ma o ka puka ʻokoʻa e kū ma ka ʻōpū.
Hoʻopilikia ʻōpū: ʻO ka ʻōpū ʻōpū kahi hōʻeha i ka ʻōpū. ʻO nā hōʻailona a me nā hōʻailona me ka ʻeha o ka ʻōpū, palupalu, ʻoʻoleʻa, a me ka ʻeha o ka ʻōpū o waho. Komo pū nā pilikia me ke kahe o ke koko a me ka maʻi.
ʻO x-ray ʻōpū: ʻO ka x-ray ʻōpū he x-ray o ka ʻōpū. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ia i kekahi manawa iā AXR, a i ʻole KUB.
ʻO Pisces i ka paʻi 10 o Systema Naturae: I ka paukū 10 o Systema Naturae , ua wehewehe ʻo Carl Linnaeus i ka Pisces penei: Noho mau i ka wai; wikiwiki i kā lākou neʻe a hauʻoli i kā lākou makemake. Hanu lākou ma o nā hae, i hoʻohui like ʻia e kahi pio iwi; ʻauʻau ma o nā lau uila, a uhi ʻia me nā unahi cartilaginous. Ma waho o nā ʻāpana a lākou e like ai me nā holoholona ʻē aʻe, lako lākou me ka membrane nictitant, a ʻo ka hapa nui o lākou me kahi ʻauʻau, e ka contraction a i ʻole ka dilatation o ia mau mea, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻāla a hina iā lākou iho i kā lākou mea i ka leʻaleʻa.
Abdomen: Ke abdomen o ka hapa o ke kino ma waena o ka thorax (pahu) a me pelvis, i kānaka, a me nā vertebrates. ʻO ka ʻōpū ka ʻaoʻao mua o ka ʻāpana o ka ʻōpū o ka pahu. ʻO ka wahi i noho ʻia e ka ʻōpū i kapa ʻia ʻo ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū. I nā arthropods ʻo ia ka tagma hope o ke kino; hāhai ia i ka thorax a i ʻole cephalothorax.
Gastralium: ʻO Gastralia nā iwi dermal i loaʻa i ka paia kino ventral o nā crocodilians hou a me nā tuatara. Loaʻa lākou ma waena o ka sternum a me ka pelvis, a ʻaʻole e haʻi me ka vertebrae. I kēia mau mea kolo, hāʻawi ka gastralia i ke kākoʻo no ka ʻōpū a me nā wahi hoʻopili no nā mākala o ka ʻōpū.
Robiquetia: ʻO Robiquetia , ka mea i ʻike pinepine ʻia ma ke ʻano he orchids pouched , a i ʻole寄 树 兰 属, kahi ʻano o nā mea kanu pua mai ka ʻohana orchid, Orchidaceae. ʻO nā mea kanu i kēia ʻano he epiphytes me ka lōʻihi, kekahi lālā, lālā fibrous, nā lau ʻili i loko o ʻelua mau kūlana a me nā helu nui o nā pua liʻiliʻi, ʻāpana nui i kahi kumu pua pua ʻole. Aia ma kahi o kanawalu mau ʻano i loaʻa mai ka tropical and subtropical Asia a i ka Pākīpika Komohana.
Robiquetia minimiflora: ʻO Robiquetia minimiflora , a i ʻole ka ʻōpelu pua pua liʻiliʻi , he laha nui loa o ka monopodial epiphytic orchid species. Ua kapa ʻia ia ma mua ʻo Abdominea minimiflora . Hāʻawi ʻia ia mai Thailand a i ka peninsula Malay, Java, a me nā Philippines.
Abdominis: ʻO ka huaʻōlelo abdominis kahi huaʻōlelo Latina kahiko no ka ʻōpū. I kēia mau lā, hoʻohana ʻia ia i ka hoʻohālikelike anatomical o nā mākala i loko o ka ʻōpū o ke kanaka, e like me: rectus abdominis transversus abdominis
Abdominizer: ʻO ka Abdominizer kahi mea hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻōpū i haku ʻia ma 1984 e ka mea hoʻopuka Kanada ʻo Dennis Colonello a kūʻai ʻia ʻia e nā infomercials e ka Fitness Quest corporation o Canton, Ohio, e kūʻai aku ana ma kahi o ʻeono miliona.
Paracentesis: ʻO Paracentesis kahi ʻano o ke kaʻina hana hōʻike wai wai, e pili pinepine ana i ka peritoneocentesis kahi i kuʻi ʻia ai ka lua peritoneal e kahi nila e hoʻowali i ka wai peritoneal.
Hapai ʻōpū: An abdominal hāpai keiki hiki e manao like kekahi ano o ka ectopic hāpai keiki ma ka embryo a fetus e ulu ana a me ka ulu mawaho o ka opu mai i loko o ka abdomen, akā,ʻaʻole i loko o ka Fallopian Tube, ovary a palahalaha ligament.
Hōʻoiaʻiʻo Abdominojugular: ʻO ka hoʻokolohua o ka abdominojugular , i ʻike ʻia ʻo abdominojugular reflux ( AJR ), kahi hōʻike hoʻokolohua kino e pono ai i ka diagnose pono ʻole o ka ventricle pono, ʻo ia hoʻi ka maikaʻi ʻole o ka ventricular pono.
Hōʻoiaʻiʻo Abdominojugular: ʻO ka hoʻokolohua o ka abdominojugular , i ʻike ʻia ʻo abdominojugular reflux ( AJR ), kahi hōʻike hoʻokolohua kino e pono ai i ka diagnose pono ʻole o ka ventricle pono, ʻo ia hoʻi ka maikaʻi ʻole o ka ventricular pono.
Hōʻoiaʻiʻo Abdominojugular: ʻO ka hoʻokolohua o ka abdominojugular , i ʻike ʻia ʻo abdominojugular reflux ( AJR ), kahi hōʻike hoʻokolohua kino e pono ai i ka diagnose pono ʻole o ka ventricle pono, ʻo ia hoʻi ka maikaʻi ʻole o ka ventricular pono.
Lua Abdominopelvic: ʻO ka lua o ka abdominopelvic kahi lua o ke kino e pili ana i ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū a me ka lua pelvic. Loaʻa iā ia ka ʻōpū, ke akepaʻa, ka pancreas, ka palu, ka pākī, nā puʻupaʻa, a me ka hapa nui o nā ʻōpū liʻiliʻi a nui. Aia pū kekahi i loko o ka urinary bladder a me nā mea hānau hānau o loko. ʻO ka lua pelvic cavity kahi ʻeke ʻeke liʻiliʻi e moe haʻahaʻa ana i ke kumu o ka ʻōpū pelvis ʻōpū. ʻAʻohe membrane e hoʻokaʻawale i ka lua o ka ʻōpū mai ka pūpū pelvic a no laila i kapa ʻia ʻo ia i nā pelvis ʻōpū a i ʻole ka puka peritoneal. Nui nā maʻi a me nā maʻi e pili ana i nā ʻōpū o ka lua o ka ʻōpū.
ʻO ka Abdominoperineal resection: ʻO kahi kuhi o ka ʻōpū , ʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he ʻoki o ka ʻūhū a me ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana o ka ʻōpū he ʻōpala ia no ka maʻi ʻaʻai maʻi paha a me ka maʻi ʻaʻai anal. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ʻo AP resection , APR a me APER .
ʻO ka Abdominoperineal resection: ʻO kahi kuhi o ka ʻōpū , ʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he ʻoki o ka ʻūhū a me ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana o ka ʻōpū he ʻōpala ia no ka maʻi ʻaʻai maʻi paha a me ka maʻi ʻaʻai anal. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ʻo AP resection , APR a me APER .
ʻO ka Abdominoperineal resection: ʻO kahi kuhi o ka ʻōpū , ʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he ʻoki o ka ʻūhū a me ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana o ka ʻōpū he ʻōpala ia no ka maʻi ʻaʻai maʻi paha a me ka maʻi ʻaʻai anal. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ʻo AP resection , APR a me APER .
ʻO ka Abdominoperineal resection: ʻO kahi kuhi o ka ʻōpū , ʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he ʻoki o ka ʻūhū a me ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana o ka ʻōpū he ʻōpala ia no ka maʻi ʻaʻai maʻi paha a me ka maʻi ʻaʻai anal. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ʻo AP resection , APR a me APER .
ʻO ka Abdominoperineal resection: ʻO kahi kuhi o ka ʻōpū , ʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he ʻoki o ka ʻūhū a me ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana o ka ʻōpū he ʻōpala ia no ka maʻi ʻaʻai maʻi paha a me ka maʻi ʻaʻai anal. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ʻo AP resection , APR a me APER .
Abdominoplasty: ʻO Abdominoplasty a i ʻole " tummy tuck " kahi hana ʻokiʻoki cosmetic i hoʻohana ʻia e hana i ka ʻōpū a lahilahi a ʻoi loa. Hoʻopili ke kīʻaha i ka hemo ʻana o ka nui o ka ʻili a me ka momona mai waenakonu a me lalo o ka ʻōpū i mea e hoʻokūpī ai i ka mākala a me ka fascia o ka paia o ka ʻōpū. ʻImi pinepine ʻia kēia ʻano ʻoki lāʻau e nā mea maʻi me nā lole lewalewa a palule paha ma hope o ka hāpai ʻana a i ʻole ka pohō kaumaha nui.
ʻO Gastroschisis: ʻO Gastroschisis kahi kīnā hānau kahi e hoʻonui ai nā ʻōpū o ka pēpē i waho o ka ʻōpū ma o kahi puka e pili ana i ka pihi ʻōpū. He loli ka nui o ka lua, a ʻo nā ʻōpū ʻē aʻe e pili pū ana me ka ʻōpū a me ke akepaʻa aia ma waho o ke kino o ka pēpē. Komo pū kekahi me nā pilikia i ka hānai ʻana i nā pilikia, prematurity, atresia ʻōpū, a me ka palena o ka ulu intrauterine.
Abdon: Hiki paha iā Abdon ("lawelawe") ke kuhikuhi i nā wahi a i ʻole nā ​​poʻe aʻe:
ʻO Abdon, Shropshire: He kauhale uka ʻo Abdon a me kahi ʻekalesia ʻē aʻe ma mua, i kēia manawa ma ka parish o Abdon a me Heath, ma ka wahi ʻo Clee Hills ma ka moku ʻo English o Shropshire.
Abdon (Nā Kānāwai): ʻO Abdon , ke keiki a Hillel, he Pirathonite, a ʻo ia ka ʻumikumamākahi lunakanawai o ka ʻIseraʻela i ʻōlelo ʻia i loko o ka puke o nā luna kānāwai. He lālā ia no ka ʻohana a ʻEperaima, a ma ka moʻohelu Baibala i loaʻa iā ia he kanahā kāne a me kanakolu moʻopuna. Ua hoʻihoʻi ʻo ia i ka hoʻonohonoho ma waena o ka ʻIseraʻela "ma hope o ka hakakā nui me Iepeta a me ko Gileada". Hoʻokolokolo ʻo ia i ka ʻIseraʻela no ʻewalu makahiki. Ua kanu ʻia ʻo ia ma ka ʻāina ʻEperaima, ma Piratona, ma ka mauna o ka ʻAmeleka.
Ka papa inoa o nā kiʻi o ke Kauoha Kahiko liʻiliʻi, A – K: Aia i loko o kēia papa inoa nā kānaka i kapa ʻia i loko o ka Baibala kaulana liʻiliʻi, kahi e pili ʻole ai iā lākou kahi mea a liʻiliʻi paha, koe aku nā pili ʻohana.
Papa inoa o nā wahi Baibala liʻiliʻi.
Abdon: Hiki paha iā Abdon ("lawelawe") ke kuhikuhi i nā wahi a i ʻole nā ​​poʻe aʻe:
Ka papa inoa o nā kiʻi o ke Kauoha Kahiko liʻiliʻi, A – K: Aia i loko o kēia papa inoa nā kānaka i kapa ʻia i loko o ka Baibala kaulana liʻiliʻi, kahi e pili ʻole ai iā lākou kahi mea a liʻiliʻi paha, koe aku nā pili ʻohana.
Abdon Alinovi: ʻO Abdon Alinovi he kālaiʻāina ʻItalia.
Abdon Balde, Jr .: ʻO Abdon Balde, Jr. kahi mea kākau Bicolano o kēia wā ma Bikol, Filipino, a me English. Ua hāʻawi ʻia ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he mea poʻokela ʻo Bikolano Artists no ka makahiki 2009 ma ka mahele Literary Arts ma Naga City, a me nā makana kākau kākau Hema ʻAkia Hema no Pilipine ma Thailand i ka makahiki 2009. ʻO ia kekahi o nā alakaʻi ma Unyon ng mga Manunulat sa Pilipinas (UMPIL). I ka makahiki 2012, ua koho ʻia ʻo ia i ka inoa Poet laureate o Albay. Ua hānau ʻia ʻo ia ma Busac, Oas, ʻAbaybay.