wait-11240-gvvnhaw: 4-hydroxybenzoate decarboxylase, 4-hydroxybenzoate decarboxylase, 4-Hydroxybenzoate geranyltransferase

4-hydroxybenzoate decarboxylase: I loko o ka enzymology, he 4-hydroxybenzoate decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.61 ) kahi ʻākena e catalyze i ka hopena kemika 4-hydroxybenzoate $\text{[math]}$ phenol + CO ₂
4-hydroxybenzoate decarboxylase: I loko o ka enzymology, he 4-hydroxybenzoate decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.61 ) kahi ʻākena e catalyze i ka hopena kemika 4-hydroxybenzoate $\text{[math]}$ phenol + CO ₂
4-Hydroxybenzoate geranyltransferase: ʻO ka 4-hydroxybenzoate geranyltransferase kahi enzyme me ka inoa ʻōnaehana geranyl-diphosphate: 4-hydroxybenzoate 3-geranyltransferase . Hoʻopili kēia enzyme i ka hopena kemika i lalo geranyl diphosphate + 4-hydroxybenzoate $\text{[math]}$ 3-geranyl-4-hydroxybenzoate + diphosphate
4-hydroxybenzoate polyprenyltransferase: I loko o ka enzymology, kahi 4-hydroxybenzoate polyprenyltransferase kahi ʻelemona e catalyze i ka hopena kemika he dipprosphyl polyprenyl + 4-hydroxybenzoate $\text{[math]}$ diphosphate + a 4-hydroxy-3-polyprenylbenzoate
4-hydroxybenzoate polyprenyltransferase: I loko o ka enzymology, kahi 4-hydroxybenzoate polyprenyltransferase kahi ʻelemona e catalyze i ka hopena kemika he dipprosphyl polyprenyl + 4-hydroxybenzoate $\text{[math]}$ diphosphate + a 4-hydroxy-3-polyprenylbenzoate
4-hydroxybenzoate — CoA ligase: I loko o ka enzymology, kahi 4-hydroxybenzoate — ʻO CoA ligase kahi enemi e catalyze i ka hopena kemika ATP + 4-hydroxybenzoate + CoA $\text{[math]}$ AMP + diphosphate + 4-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA
4-Hydroxybenzoic acid: ʻO 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid , i ʻike ʻia ʻo p -hydroxybenzoic acid ( PHBA ), kahi waikawa monohydroxybenzoic, kahi hua phenolic o ka benzoic acid. He ʻāpana crystalline keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo ʻia e liʻiliʻi iki i ka wai a me chloroform akā ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i nā solvents polar organic e like me nā alcohols a me acetone. ʻO ka 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid ka mea i ʻike nui ʻia ma ke kumu no ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana o kāna mau esters, i ʻike ʻia ʻo parabens, i hoʻohana ʻia i mea mālama i nā mea hoʻonaninani a me kekahi o nā haʻina ophthalmic. He isomeric ia me 2-hydroxybenzoic acid, i ʻike ʻia me ka waikawa salicylic, kahi mea mua i ka aspirin, a me ka waikawa 3-hydroxybenzoic.
4-Hydroxybenzoic acid 4-O-glucoside: 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid 4- O -glucoside kahi glucoside o ka p -hydroxybenzoic acid . Hiki ke loaʻa i nā aʻa mycorrhizal a me nā non-mycorrhizal o Nūpepa spruces.
4-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA hoʻoliʻiliʻi: I ka enzymology, he 4-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA reductase (EC 1.3.7.9 ) kahi enzyme i loaʻa i kekahi mau koʻohune a me archaea e hoʻonāukiuki i ka hopena kemika benzoyl-CoA + ʻae + H ₂ O $\text{[math]}$ 4-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA + hoʻoliʻiliʻi acceptor
4-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA thioesterase: I loko o ka enzymology, he 4-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA thioesterase (EC 3.1.2.23 ) kahi enzyme e catalyzed i ka hopena kemika 4-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA + H ₂ O $\text{[math]}$ 4-hydroxybenzoate + CoA
4-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA hoʻoliʻiliʻi: I ka enzymology, he 4-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA reductase (EC 1.3.7.9 ) kahi enzyme i loaʻa i kekahi mau koʻohune a me archaea e hoʻonāukiuki i ka hopena kemika benzoyl-CoA + ʻae + H ₂ O $\text{[math]}$ 4-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA + hoʻoliʻiliʻi acceptor
4-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA thioesterase: I loko o ka enzymology, he 4-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA thioesterase (EC 3.1.2.23 ) kahi enzyme e catalyzed i ka hopena kemika 4-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA + H ₂ O $\text{[math]}$ 4-hydroxybenzoate + CoA
Gastrodigenin: ʻO Gastrodigenin kahi hui phenolic i loaʻa i ka rhizome o Gastrodia elata .
ʻO Gamma-Hydroxybutyraldehyde: ʻO γ-Hydroxybutyraldehyde , i kapa ʻia hoʻi ʻo GHBAL , γ-hydroxybutaldehyde a i ʻole γ-hydroxybutanal , kahi lāʻau waena i loko o ka biosynthesis o ka neurotransmitter γ-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) mai 1,4-butanediol (1,4-BD). E like me 1,4-BD, hana ʻia ia ma ke ʻano he prodrug iā GHB ke lawe ʻia me ka exogenous. Eia nō naʻe, e like me nā aldehydes aliphatic āpau, he caustic ka γ-hydroxybutaldehyde a me ka pilau a me ka ʻono maikaʻi ʻole. no laila, ʻoluʻolu ʻole ke komo maoli ʻana o kēia hui a hopena i ka nausea a me ka luaʻi nui.
ʻO Gamma-Hydroxybutyraldehyde: ʻO γ-Hydroxybutyraldehyde , i kapa ʻia hoʻi ʻo GHBAL , γ-hydroxybutaldehyde a i ʻole γ-hydroxybutanal , kahi lāʻau waena i loko o ka biosynthesis o ka neurotransmitter γ-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) mai 1,4-butanediol (1,4-BD). E like me 1,4-BD, hana ʻia ia ma ke ʻano he prodrug iā GHB ke lawe ʻia me ka exogenous. Eia nō naʻe, e like me nā aldehydes aliphatic āpau, he caustic ka γ-hydroxybutaldehyde a me ka pilau a me ka ʻono maikaʻi ʻole. no laila, ʻoluʻolu ʻole ke komo maoli ʻana o kēia hui a hopena i ka nausea a me ka luaʻi nui.
ʻO Gamma-Hydroxybutyric acid: gamma -Hydroxybutyric acid a i ʻole γ-Hydroxybutyric acid ( GHB ), i ʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he 4-hydroxybutanoic acid , kahi neurotransmitter kūlohelohe a me kahi lāʻau psychoactive. He mea mua ia i ka GABA, glutamate, a me ka glycine i kekahi mau wahi lolo. Hana ia ma ka receptor GHB a he agonist nāwaliwali i ka GABA _B receptor. Ua hoʻohana ʻia ʻo GHB i ka hoʻonohonoho olakino ma ke ʻano he anesthetic ākea a ma ke ʻano he lapaʻau no cataplexy, narcolepsy, a me ka waiʻona. Hoʻohana ʻia ia me ke kānāwai ʻole e like me ka mea inu ʻona, ma ke ʻano he hoʻokūkū hoʻokūkū hoʻokūkū, ma ke ʻano he lāʻau lā-rape, a ma ke ʻano he lāʻau leʻaleʻa.
4-Hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase: I loko o ka enzymology, kahi 4-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.61 ) kahi enzyme e catalyze i ka hopena kemika 4-hydroxybutanoate + NAD ⁺ $\text{[math]}$ sucialate semialdehyde + NADH + H ⁺
ʻO Gamma-Hydroxybutyric acid: gamma -Hydroxybutyric acid a i ʻole γ-Hydroxybutyric acid ( GHB ), i ʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he 4-hydroxybutanoic acid , kahi neurotransmitter kūlohelohe a me kahi lāʻau psychoactive. He mea mua ia i ka GABA, glutamate, a me ka glycine i kekahi mau wahi lolo. Hana ia ma ka receptor GHB a he agonist nāwaliwali i ka GABA _B receptor. Ua hoʻohana ʻia ʻo GHB i ka hoʻonohonoho olakino ma ke ʻano he anesthetic ākea a ma ke ʻano he lapaʻau no cataplexy, narcolepsy, a me ka waiʻona. Hoʻohana ʻia ia me ke kānāwai ʻole e like me ka mea inu ʻona, ma ke ʻano he hoʻokūkū hoʻokūkū hoʻokūkū, ma ke ʻano he lāʻau lā-rape, a ma ke ʻano he lāʻau leʻaleʻa.
4-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA dehydratase: 4-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA dehydratase (EC 4.2.1.120 ) kahi enzyme me ka inoa ʻōnaehana 4-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA hydro-lyase . Hoʻopili kēia enzyme i ka hopena kemika i lalo 4-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA $\text{[math]}$ akā-3-enoyl-CoA + H ₂ O
4-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA dehydratase: 4-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA dehydratase (EC 4.2.1.120 ) kahi enzyme me ka inoa ʻōnaehana 4-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA hydro-lyase . Hoʻopili kēia enzyme i ka hopena kemika i lalo 4-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA $\text{[math]}$ akā-3-enoyl-CoA + H ₂ O
ʻO Gamma-Hydroxybutyraldehyde: ʻO γ-Hydroxybutyraldehyde , i kapa ʻia hoʻi ʻo GHBAL , γ-hydroxybutaldehyde a i ʻole γ-hydroxybutanal , kahi lāʻau waena i loko o ka biosynthesis o ka neurotransmitter γ-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) mai 1,4-butanediol (1,4-BD). E like me 1,4-BD, hana ʻia ia ma ke ʻano he prodrug iā GHB ke lawe ʻia me ka exogenous. Eia nō naʻe, e like me nā aldehydes aliphatic āpau, he caustic ka γ-hydroxybutaldehyde a me ka pilau a me ka ʻono maikaʻi ʻole. no laila, ʻoluʻolu ʻole ke komo maoli ʻana o kēia hui a hopena i ka nausea a me ka luaʻi nui.
ʻO Gamma-Hydroxybutyric acid: gamma -Hydroxybutyric acid a i ʻole γ-Hydroxybutyric acid ( GHB ), i ʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he 4-hydroxybutanoic acid , kahi neurotransmitter kūlohelohe a me kahi lāʻau psychoactive. He mea mua ia i ka GABA, glutamate, a me ka glycine i kekahi mau wahi lolo. Hana ia ma ka receptor GHB a he agonist nāwaliwali i ka GABA _B receptor. Ua hoʻohana ʻia ʻo GHB i ka hoʻonohonoho olakino ma ke ʻano he anesthetic ākea a ma ke ʻano he lapaʻau no cataplexy, narcolepsy, a me ka waiʻona. Hoʻohana ʻia ia me ke kānāwai ʻole e like me ka mea inu ʻona, ma ke ʻano he hoʻokūkū hoʻokūkū hoʻokūkū, ma ke ʻano he lāʻau lā-rape, a ma ke ʻano he lāʻau leʻaleʻa.
4-Hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase: I loko o ka enzymology, kahi 4-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.61 ) kahi enzyme e catalyze i ka hopena kemika 4-hydroxybutanoate + NAD ⁺ $\text{[math]}$ sucialate semialdehyde + NADH + H ⁺
ʻO Gamma-Hydroxybutyric acid: gamma -Hydroxybutyric acid a i ʻole γ-Hydroxybutyric acid ( GHB ), i ʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he 4-hydroxybutanoic acid , kahi neurotransmitter kūlohelohe a me kahi lāʻau psychoactive. He mea mua ia i ka GABA, glutamate, a me ka glycine i kekahi mau wahi lolo. Hana ia ma ka receptor GHB a he agonist nāwaliwali i ka GABA _B receptor. Ua hoʻohana ʻia ʻo GHB i ka hoʻonohonoho olakino ma ke ʻano he anesthetic ākea a ma ke ʻano he lapaʻau no cataplexy, narcolepsy, a me ka waiʻona. Hoʻohana ʻia ia me ke kānāwai ʻole e like me ka mea inu ʻona, ma ke ʻano he hoʻokūkū hoʻokūkū hoʻokūkū, ma ke ʻano he lāʻau lā-rape, a ma ke ʻano he lāʻau leʻaleʻa.
Gamma-Butyrolactone: γ-Butyrolactone ( GBL ) kahi hygroscopic colorless, wai-miscible wai me kahi ʻano nāwaliwali. ʻO ia ka lactone 4-kalapona maʻalahi. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ia ma waena o ka hana ʻana o nā kemika ʻē aʻe, e laʻa me ka methyl-2-pyrrolidone. I nā kānaka, hana ʻo GBL ma ke ʻano he prodrug no ka γ-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB), a hoʻohana ʻia ia me kahi depressant CNS leʻaleʻa me nā hopena e like me nā barbiturates.
ʻO ka hemahema Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase: ʻO ka Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficit ( SSADHD ), kahi maʻi kūpikipiki autosomal recessive o ke ala hoʻohaʻahaʻa o ka neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid, a i ʻole GABA. Ua ʻike ʻia ka maʻi maʻi ma kahi o 350 mau ʻohana, me kahi mahele nui he ʻohana kūlike. ʻO ka hihia mua i ʻike ʻia ma 1981 a paʻi ʻia i loko o kahi puke pai kemika lapaʻau Hōlani e hōʻike ana i nā ʻano neurological e like me ka lohi o ka naʻauao, kaʻa, ʻolelo, a me ka ʻōlelo e like me nā hōʻike pinepine. Ma hope o nā hihia i hōʻike ʻia i nā makahiki 1990 i hoʻomaka e hōʻike i ka hyponia, hyporeflexia, ka hopu ʻana, a me kahi ataxia nonprogressive he mau hiʻohiʻona maʻi pū kekahi.
P-Coumaric acid: ʻO ka p -Coumaric acid kahi waikawa hydroxycinnamic, kahi hui kūlohelohe i loaʻa i ka hydroxy derivative o ka cinnamic acid Aia he ʻekolu isomer o ka waikawa coumaric - o -coumaric acid, m -coumaric acid, a me p -coumaric acid — i ʻokoʻa i ke kūlana o ka pani hydroxy o ka hui phenyl. p -Coumaric acid ka isomer ʻoi loa o nā mea ʻekolu i ke kūlohelohe. p -Coumaric acid aia i loko o ʻelua ʻano trans - p -coumaric acid a me cis - p -coumaric acid .
4-Hydroxycinnamate decarboxylase: ʻO ka 4-Hydroxycinnamate decarboxylase kahi enzyme e hoʻohana i ka p -coumaric acid e hana i ka 4-ethylphenol.
P-Coumaric acid: ʻO ka p -Coumaric acid kahi waikawa hydroxycinnamic, kahi hui kūlohelohe i loaʻa i ka hydroxy derivative o ka cinnamic acid Aia he ʻekolu isomer o ka waikawa coumaric - o -coumaric acid, m -coumaric acid, a me p -coumaric acid — i ʻokoʻa i ke kūlana o ka pani hydroxy o ka hui phenyl. p -Coumaric acid ka isomer ʻoi loa o nā mea ʻekolu i ke kūlohelohe. p -Coumaric acid aia i loko o ʻelua ʻano trans - p -coumaric acid a me cis - p -coumaric acid .
4-Hydroxycoumarin: ʻO 4-Hydroxycoumarin kahi kuhi coumarin me kahi hui hydroxy ma ke kūlana 4.
4-Hydroxycoumarin synthase: 4-hydroxycoumarin synthase (EC 2.3.1.208 , BIS2 , BIS3 ) kahi enzyme me ka inoa ʻōnaehana malonyl-CoA: 2-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA malonyltransferase . Hoʻopili kēia enzyme i ka hopena kemika i lalo malonyl-CoA + 2-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA $\text{[math]}$ 2 CoA + 4-hydroxycoumarin + CO ₂
4-Hydroxycoumarins: Pili ʻo 4-Hydroxycoumarins i kahi papa o nā lāʻau mole anticoagulant lāʻau k (VKA) i loaʻa mai ka coumarin ma o ka hoʻohui ʻana i kahi hui hydroxy ma ke kūlana 4 e loaʻa ai ka 4-hydroxycoumarin, a laila hoʻohui i kahi mea ʻaila ala nui ma ke kūlana 3. Koi ʻia ka mea pani 3 nui no ka hana anticoagulant.
4-Hydroxycyclohexanecarboxylate dehydrogenase: I loko o ka enzymology, kahi 4-hydroxycyclohexanecarboxylate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.226 ) kahi enzyme e catalyzed i ka hopena kemika trans-4-hydroxycyclohexanecarboxylate + NAD ⁺ $\text{[math]}$ 4-oxocyclohexanecarboxylate + NADH + H ⁺
4-Hydroxycyclophosphamide: ʻO 4-Hydroxycyclophosphamide i loko o ka papa o nā pūhui oxazaphosphorine, a ʻo ia ka mea nui, metabolite hana o cyclophosphamide a o mafosfamide ma hope o kā lākou hoʻopili ʻia ʻana e cytochrome P450. Hoʻopaʻa hapa ʻia ia i loko o ka aldophosphamide, a ʻo ia hoʻi, komo maʻalahi i nā pūnaewele ola a laila detoxified ʻoki ʻia i loko o ka carboxycyclophosphamide inactive e ka enzyme ALDH, akā ua hydrolyzed ʻia e kekahi ʻelima énzimme phosphatase i nā metabolite cytotoxic pololei - phosphoramide mustard a me acrolein .
4-Hydroxyestradiol: 4-Hydroxyestradiol ( 4-OHE2 ), a kapa ʻia hoʻi ʻo estra-1,3,5 (10) -triene-3,4,17β-triol , kahi hopena, kūlohelohe maoli catechol estrogen a me kahi metabolite liʻiliʻi o ka estradiol. He estrogenic ia, e like me ka nui o nā metabolite hydroxylated estrogen e like me 2-hydroxyestradiol, 16α-hydroxyestrone, estriol (16α-hydroxyestradiol), a me 4-hydroxyestrone akā ʻaʻole like me 2-hydroxyestrone.
4-Hydroxyestriol: 4-Hydroxyestriol , i kapa ʻia hoʻi estra-1,3,5 (10) -triene-3,4,16α, 17β-tetrol , he endogenous catechol estrogen a me ka metabolite o estriol. Ua loaʻa i loko o ka mimi hāpai keiki.
4-Hydroxyestrone: 4-Hydroxyestrone ( 4-OHE1 ), i kapa ʻia hoʻi estra-1,3,5 (10) -triene-3,4-diol-17-one , kahi hopena, kūlohelohe maoli catechol estrogen a me kahi metabolite liʻiliʻi o ka estrone a me estradiol. He estrogenic ia, e like me ka nui o nā metabolite hydroxylated estrogen e like me 2-hydroxyestradiol, 16α-hydroxyestrone, estriol (16α-hydroxyestradiol), a me 4-hydroxyestradiol akā ʻaʻole like me 2-hydroxyestrone.
4-hydroxyglutamate transaminase: I ka enzymology, he 4-hydroxyglutamate transaminase kahi ʻenemema e catalyze i ka hopena kemika 4-hydroxy-L-glutamate + 2-oxoglutarate $\text{[math]}$ 4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate + L-glutamate
4-hydroxymandelate oxidase: I ka enzymology, he 4-hydroxymandelate oxidase (EC 1.1.3.19 ) kahi enzyme e catalyze i ka hopena kemika (S) -2-hydroxy-2- (4-hydroxyphenyl) ʻākeka + O ₂ $\text{[math]}$ 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde + CO ₂ + H ₂ O ₂	I ka enzymology, he 4-hydroxymandelate oxidase (EC 1.1.3.19 ) kahi enzyme e catalyze i ka hopena kemika (S) -2-hydroxy-2- (4-hydroxyphenyl) ʻākeka + O ₂ $\text{[math]}$
4-hydroxymandelate synthase: I ka enzymology, he 4-hydroxymandelate synthase (EC 1.13.11.46 ) kahi enzyme e catalyzed i ka hopena kemika 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate + ʻO ₂ $\text{[math]}$ 4-hydroxymandelate + CO ₂
Pholedrine: ʻO Pholedrine , ʻike ʻia ʻo 4-hydroxy- N -methylamphetamine ( 4-HMA ), 4-hydroxymethamphetamine , a me para -hydroxymethamphetamine , kahi lāʻau e hoʻonāukiuki i ka ʻōnaehana hopohopo aloha. Hāʻawi ʻia ia ma ke ʻano he kulu maka kumuhana no ke kumu o ka dilating o ka haumāna a hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e kuhikuhi i ka maʻi o Horner.
4-hydroxymuconic-semialdehyde dehydrogenase: I loko o ka enzymology, kahi 4-hydroxymuconic-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.61 ) kahi enzyme e catalyze i ka hopena kemika 4-hydroxymuconic semialdehyde + NAD ⁺ + H ₂ ʻO $\text{[math]}$ maleylacetate + NADH + 2 H ⁺
4-hydroxymuconic-semialdehyde dehydrogenase: I loko o ka enzymology, kahi 4-hydroxymuconic-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.61 ) kahi enzyme e catalyze i ka hopena kemika 4-hydroxymuconic semialdehyde + NAD ⁺ + H ₂ ʻO $\text{[math]}$ maleylacetate + NADH + 2 H ⁺
4-Nitrophenol: ʻO 4-Nitrophenol kahi hui phenolic i loaʻa kahi nitro pūʻulu ma kahi ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe o ka hui hydroxyl ma ke apo benzene.
4-Hydroxynonenal: 4-Hydroxynonenal , a i ʻole 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal a i ʻole 4-HNE a i ʻole HNE , ( C ₉ H ₁₆ O ₂ ), he α, β-unsaturated hydroxyalkenal i hana ʻia e lipid peroxidation i nā hunaola. ʻO 4-HNE ka alpha mua, beta-unsaturated hydroxyalkenal i hoʻokumu ʻia i kēia kaʻina hana.
4-hydroxynonenal-lysine: ʻO ka 4-hydroxynonenal-lysine kahi epitope i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka hoʻololi oxidative o lipoprotein haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. Hoʻokumu ʻia ia e ka hoʻohui pololei o nā hui carbonyl mai 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE) ma luna o ka lysine.
P-Hydroxynorephedrine: p -Hydroxynorephedrine ( PHN ), a i ʻole 4-hydroxynorephedrine , ʻo ia ka para -hydroxy analog o norephedrine a me kahi metabolite sympathomimetic ʻeleu o amphetamine i nā kānaka. Ke hana ʻia ma ke ʻano he metabolite o amphetamine, hana ʻia ia mai nā p -hydroxyamphetamine a me ka norephedrine.
ʻO Oxabolone cipionate: ʻO ka oxabolone cipionate , a i ʻole oxabolone cypionate , i ʻike ʻia ʻo 4-hydroxy-19-nortestosterone 17β-cypionate a i ʻole estr-4-en-4,17β-diol-3-one 17β-cypionate , he synthetic a injected anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS ) a me ka derivative o nandrolone (19-nortestosterone) i kūʻai ʻia ma ʻEulopa. ʻO ia ka ester C17β cypionate a me kahi prodrug o oxabolone (4-hydroxy-19-nortestosteron).
ʻO Oxabolone cipionate: ʻO ka oxabolone cipionate , a i ʻole oxabolone cypionate , i ʻike ʻia ʻo 4-hydroxy-19-nortestosterone 17β-cypionate a i ʻole estr-4-en-4,17β-diol-3-one 17β-cypionate , he synthetic a injected anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS ) a me ka derivative o nandrolone (19-nortestosterone) i kūʻai ʻia ma ʻEulopa. ʻO ia ka ester C17β cypionate a me kahi prodrug o oxabolone (4-hydroxy-19-nortestosteron).
Gamma-Valerolactone: ʻO γ-Valerolactone ( GVL ) kahi hui kūlohelohe me ka haʻilula C ₅ H ₈ O ₂ . ʻO kēia wai kala ʻole kekahi o nā lactones maʻamau. He chiral ʻo GVL akā hoʻohana mau ʻia ma ke ʻano he racemate. Loaʻa iā ia mai ka biomass cellulosic a he wahie kūpono a me ka mea hoʻoheheʻe ʻōmaʻomaʻo.
ʻO Tyramine: ʻO Tyramine , i ʻike ʻia ma lalo o kekahi mau inoa ʻē aʻe, kahi amine kumumea kūlohelohe i loaʻa mai ka amino acid tyrosine. Hana ʻo Tyramine ma ke ʻano he agena hoʻokuʻu catecholamine. ʻIke ʻia, ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke hele i ka pale o ka lolo-otak, e hopena ai i nā hopena psych-non-psychoactive sympathomimetic wale nō ma hope o kaʻai ʻana. Hiki i kahi ulia hypertensive ke hopena, akā, mai ka lawe ʻana i nā meaʻai momona-tyramine i hui pū ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI).
4-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid: 4-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid kahi hui kemika i loaʻa i loko o ka ʻaila ʻoliva a me ka pia.
4-Hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde: 4-Hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde , ʻike ʻia ʻo p -hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde , kahi huahana kūlohelohe me ke ʻano HOC ₆ H ₄ CH ₂ CHO. He hua ia o phenylacetaldehyde a kū i ke keʻokeʻo paʻa i ka mahana o ka lumi.
4-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde dehydrogenase: I loko o ka enzymology, kahi 4-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.53 ) kahi enzyme e catalyze i ka hopena kemika 4-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde + NAD ⁺ + H ₂ ʻO $\text{[math]}$ 4-hydroxyphenylacetate + NADH + 2 H ⁺	I loko o ka enzymology, kahi 4-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.53 ) kahi enzyme e catalyze i ka hopena kemika 4-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde + NAD ⁺ + H ₂ ʻO $\text{[math]}$
4-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde dehydrogenase: I loko o ka enzymology, kahi 4-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.53 ) kahi enzyme e catalyze i ka hopena kemika 4-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde + NAD ⁺ + H ₂ ʻO $\text{[math]}$ 4-hydroxyphenylacetate + NADH + 2 H ⁺	I loko o ka enzymology, kahi 4-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.53 ) kahi enzyme e catalyze i ka hopena kemika 4-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde + NAD ⁺ + H ₂ ʻO $\text{[math]}$
(S) -norcoclaurine synthase: I ka enzymology, he ( S ) -norcoclaurine synthase (EC 4.2.1.78 ) kahi enzyme e catalyzed i ka hopena kemika 4-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde + 4- (2-aminoethyl) benzene-1,2-diol $\text{[math]}$ ( S ) -norcoclaurine + H ₂ O
4-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde oxime monooxygenase: I loko o ka enzymology, he 4-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde oxime monooxygenase (EC 1.14.13.68 ) kahi enzyme e catalyzed i ka hopena kemika (Z) -4-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde oxime + NADPH + H ⁺ + O ₂ $\text{[math]}$ (S) -4-hydroxymandelonitrile + NADP ⁺ + 2 H ₂ O
4-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid: 4-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid kahi hui kemika i loaʻa i loko o ka ʻaila ʻoliva a me ka pia.
4-Hydroxyphenylacetate 3-monooxygenase: ʻO ka 4-hydroxyphenylacetate 3-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.14.9 ) kahi enzyme e hoʻonāukiuki i ka hopena kemika 4-hydroxyphenylacetate + FADH ₂ + ʻO ₂ $\text{[math]}$ 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetate + FAD + H ₂ O
4-hydroxyphenylacetate 1-monooxygenase: I loko o ka enzymology, he 4-hydroxyphenylacetate 1-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.13.18 ) kahi enzyme e catalyzed i ka hopena kemika 4-hydroxyphenylacetate + NAD (P) H + H ⁺ + ₂ $\text{[math]}$ homogentisate + NAD (P) + + H ₂ ʻO
4-Hydroxyphenylacetate 3-monooxygenase: ʻO ka 4-hydroxyphenylacetate 3-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.14.9 ) kahi enzyme e hoʻonāukiuki i ka hopena kemika 4-hydroxyphenylacetate + FADH ₂ + ʻO ₂ $\text{[math]}$ 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetate + FAD + H ₂ O
4-Hydroxyphenylacetate 3-monooxygenase: ʻO ka 4-hydroxyphenylacetate 3-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.14.9 ) kahi enzyme e hoʻonāukiuki i ka hopena kemika 4-hydroxyphenylacetate + FADH ₂ + ʻO ₂ $\text{[math]}$ 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetate + FAD + H ₂ O
4-hydroxyphenylacetate 1-monooxygenase: I loko o ka enzymology, he 4-hydroxyphenylacetate 1-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.13.18 ) kahi enzyme e catalyzed i ka hopena kemika 4-hydroxyphenylacetate + NAD (P) H + H ⁺ + ₂ $\text{[math]}$ homogentisate + NAD (P) + + H ₂ ʻO
4-Hydroxyphenylacetate 3-monooxygenase: ʻO ka 4-hydroxyphenylacetate 3-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.14.9 ) kahi enzyme e hoʻonāukiuki i ka hopena kemika 4-hydroxyphenylacetate + FADH ₂ + ʻO ₂ $\text{[math]}$ 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetate + FAD + H ₂ O
4-hydroxyphenylacetate decarboxylase: I loko o ka enzymology, he 4-hydroxyphenylacetate decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.83 ) kahi enzyme e catalyzed i ka hopena kemika (4-hydroxyphenyl) ʻākeka + H ⁺ $\text{[math]}$ 4-methylphenol + CO ₂
4-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid: 4-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid kahi hui kemika i loaʻa i loko o ka ʻaila ʻoliva a me ka pia.
4-Hydroxyphenylacetone: ʻO 4-Hydroxyphenylacetone ka para-hydroxy analog o phenylacetone, kahi metabolite hana ʻole o ka amphetamine i nā kānaka. Ke hana ʻia ma ke ʻano he metabolite o amphetamine, hana pololei ʻia ia mai ka phenylacetone metabolite hana ʻole.
Hydroxyphenylacetonitrile 2-monooxygenase: I loko o ka enzymology, he hydroxyphenylacetonitrile 2-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.13.42 ) kahi enzyme e catalyzed i ka hopena kemika 4-hydroxyphenylacetonitrile + NADPH + H ⁺ + O ₂ $\text{[math]}$ 4-hydroxymandelonitrile + NADP ⁺ + H ₂ O
Tyrosine: ʻO L -Tyrosine a i ʻole tyrosine a i ʻole 4-hydroxyphenylalanine kekahi o nā 20 amino acid maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia e nā hunaola e synthesize i nā protein. He waikawa amino pono ʻole ia me kahi hui polar. Ka hua'ōlelo "tyrosine" mea, mai ka Greek tyrós, ke ano, me ka waiū, me ka mea i ike mua i ka 1846 ma Kelemānia chemist kekahi inoa ona av Liebig ma ke kumuʻiʻo casein mai me ka waiū. Kapa ʻia ia he tyrosyl ke kuhikuhi ʻia ma ke ʻano he hui hana a kaulahao ʻaoʻao paha. ʻOiai ke ʻano maʻamau o ka tyrosine ma ke ʻano he hydrophobic amino acid, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hydrophilic ma mua o ka phenylalanine. Hoʻopili ʻia ia e nā codons UAC a me UAU i ka elele RNA.
4-Ethylphenol: 4-Ethylphenol ( 4-EP ) kahi hui phenolic.
ʻO Tyrosol: ʻO Tyrosol kahi phenylethanoid, kahi mea i loaʻa i ka waiʻona phenethyl. He antioxidant phenolic kūlohelohe ia i loaʻa i nā ʻano kumuwaiwai kūlohelohe. ʻO ka aila kumu nui i ka papaʻai kanaka. ʻO ia kekahi o nā phenol kūlohelohe nui i ka aila argan. I ka aila ʻoliva, hana nā tyrosol i nā esters me nā waikawa momona.
4-Hydroxyphenylglycine: ʻO ka 4-Hydroxyphenylglycine ( HPG ) kahi amino-amino protein-proteinogenic ʻole i loaʻa ma vancomycin a me nā glycopeptides e pili ana. Hoʻolālā ʻia ʻo HPG mai ke ala acid acid shikimic a koi i ʻehā mau enzyme e synthesize: L - a me D -HPG i hoʻohana ʻia i ka papa vancomycin o nā lāʻau ʻaloʻalo. ʻO Tyrosine, kahi amino acid like, ʻokoʻa e kahi hui methylene (CH2) ma waena o ke apo ʻaʻala a me ke kalapona alpha.
Hydroxyphenylpyruvate hoʻoliʻiliʻi: I ka enzymology, he hydroxyphenylpyruvate reductase (EC 1.1.1.237 ) kahi enzyme e catalyzed i ka hopena kemika 3 (4-hydroxyphenyl) lactate + NAD ⁺ $\text{[math]}$ 3- (4-hydroxyphenyl) pyruvate + NADH + H ⁺
4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid: ʻO ka 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid (4-HPPA) kahi mea waena i ka metabolism o ka amino acid phenylalanine. Hoʻohui ʻia ke kaulahao ʻaoʻao ʻono o phenylalanine e ka enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase e hana ai i ka tyrosine. ʻO ka hoʻololi ʻana mai tyrosine i 4-HPPA i ka hoʻololi ʻia e tyrosine aminotransferase. Hoʻohui ʻia, 4-HPPA hiki ke hoʻohuli ʻia i homogentisic acid ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea mua i ka pigment ochronotic.
4-hydroxymandelate synthase: I ka enzymology, he 4-hydroxymandelate synthase (EC 1.13.11.46 ) kahi enzyme e catalyzed i ka hopena kemika 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate + ʻO ₂ $\text{[math]}$ 4-hydroxymandelate + CO ₂
4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase: ʻO 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase ( HPPD ), i ʻike ʻia ʻo α-ketoisocaproate dioxygenase , he Fe (II) -e loaʻa ana i ka non-heme oxygenase e hoʻonāukiuki i ka hopena ʻelua i ka catabolism o tyrosine - ka hoʻololi ʻana o 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate i homogentisate. Hoʻopili pū ka HPPD i ka hoʻololi o phenylpyruvate i 2-hydroxyphenylacetate a me ka hoʻohuli ʻana o α-ketoisocaproate i β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate. ʻO ka HPPD kahi enzyme i loaʻa ma kahi o nā ʻano aerobic āpau o ke ola.
4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate decarboxylase: I loko o ka enzymology, kahi 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.80 ) kahi enemi e catalyzed i ka hopena kemika 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate $\text{[math]}$ 4-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde + CO ₂
4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate decarboxylase: I loko o ka enzymology, kahi 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.80 ) kahi enemi e catalyzed i ka hopena kemika 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate $\text{[math]}$ 4-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde + CO ₂
4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase: ʻO 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase ( HPPD ), i ʻike ʻia ʻo α-ketoisocaproate dioxygenase , he Fe (II) -e loaʻa ana i ka non-heme oxygenase e hoʻonāukiuki i ka hopena ʻelua i ka catabolism o tyrosine - ka hoʻololi ʻana o 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate i homogentisate. Hoʻopili pū ka HPPD i ka hoʻololi o phenylpyruvate i 2-hydroxyphenylacetate a me ka hoʻohuli ʻana o α-ketoisocaproate i β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate. ʻO ka HPPD kahi enzyme i loaʻa ma kahi o nā ʻano aerobic āpau o ke ola.
4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase mea hoʻoheheʻe: 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) nā mea kūpale i kekahi papa o ka herbicides e pale ai ka ulu ana ma ka mea kanu ma ka paleʻana 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase, he'ūhū i ka mea kanu i ka mai hemo mai ia ka'aminoʻakika tyrosine i loko o nā lātoma mea i laila, hoʻohana 'ia e kanu, e hana' ē nā lātoma i mea kanu pono. ʻO kēia kaʻina hana o ka haki, a i ʻole catabolism, a me ka hana ʻana i nā mole mai nā hopena, a i ʻole biosynthesis, kahi mea a nā mea ola āpau e hana ai. Ua lawe mua ʻia nā mea kūpale HPPD i ka mākeke ma 1980, ʻoiai ʻaʻole i maopopo i kā lākou ʻano hana a hiki i ka hopena o 1990. Hoʻohana mua ʻia ia ma Iapana i ka hana laiki, akā mai ka hopena o ka makahiki 1990 i hoʻohana ʻia ma ʻEulopa a me ʻAmelike ʻAmelika no ka palaoa, nā soybeans, a me nā cereal, a mai ka lilo ʻana o ka makahiki 2000 i mea nui e like me ka lilo ʻana o ka mauʻu i ka glyphosate a me nā lāʻau lāʻau ʻē aʻe. . Ke hoʻomohala ʻia nei nā mea kanu Genetically i hoʻopili ʻia me ke kūʻē ʻana i nā mea kāohi iā HPPD. Aia kekahi lāʻau lapaʻau i ka mākeke, nitisinone, i hana mua ʻia ma ke ʻano he lāʻau hoʻomake ma ke ʻano he lālā o kēia papa, a hoʻohana ʻia e mālama i kahi maʻi makua ʻole, type I tyrosinemia.
4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate oxidase: I loko o ka enzymology, he 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate oxidase (EC 1.2.3.13 ) kahi enzyme e catalyzed i ka hopena kemika 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate + 1/2 ʻO ₂ $\text{[math]}$ 4-hydroxyphenylacetate + CO ₂
4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid: ʻO ka 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid (4-HPPA) kahi mea waena i ka metabolism o ka amino acid phenylalanine. Hoʻohui ʻia ke kaulahao ʻaoʻao ʻono o phenylalanine e ka enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase e hana ai i ka tyrosine. ʻO ka hoʻololi ʻana mai tyrosine i 4-HPPA i ka hoʻololi ʻia e tyrosine aminotransferase. Hoʻohui ʻia, 4-HPPA hiki ke hoʻohuli ʻia i homogentisic acid ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea mua i ka pigment ochronotic.
Hydroxyproline: (2 S , 4 R ) -4-Hydroxyproline , a i ʻole L -hydroxyproline (C ₅ H ₉ O ₃ N), he waikawa amino ia, hoʻopōkole ʻia e like me Hyp a i ʻole O , e laʻa , i ka Protein Data Bank.
4-hydroxyproline epimerase: I ka enzymology, he 4-hydroxyproline epimerase kahi enzyme e catalyzed i ka hopena kemika trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline $\text{[math]}$ cis-4-hydroxy-D-proline
4-hydroxyproline epimerase: I ka enzymology, he 4-hydroxyproline epimerase kahi enzyme e catalyzed i ka hopena kemika trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline $\text{[math]}$ cis-4-hydroxy-D-proline
4-hydroxyquinoline 3-monooxygenase: I loko o ka enzymology, he 4-hydroxyquinoline 3-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.13.62 ) kahi enzyme e catalyzed i ka hopena kemika quinolin-4-ol + NADH + H ⁺ + O ₂ $\text{[math]}$ quinolin-3,4-diol + NAD ⁺ + H ₂ O
Afimoxifene: ʻO Afimoxifene kahi modulator receptor estrogen koho (SERM) o ka hui triphenylethylene a me kahi metabolite hana o tamoxifen. Ke hoʻomohala ʻia nei ka lāʻau ma lalo o ka inoa inoa tentative TamoGel ma ke ʻano he gel kumuhana no ka mālama ʻana i ka hyperplasia o ka umauma. Ua hoʻopau i kahi hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua pae II no ka cyclical mastalgia, akā koi ʻia kahi noiʻi hou ma mua o ka ʻae ʻia ʻana o ka afimoxifene no kēia hōʻike a kūʻai aku
4-Hydroxytestolone: 4-Hydroxytestolone ( 4-OHT ), ʻike ʻia ʻo 4,17β-dihydroxyandrost-4-en-3-one , kahi anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS) synthetic a me kahi mea i loaʻa ʻole o ka testosterone i kūʻai ʻole ʻia. Ua pio mua ʻia e GD Searle & Company ma 1955 a he testosterone me kahi hui hydroxy ma nā kūlana ʻehā. ʻO ka 4-OHT he anabolic kaulike, androgen akahai, a me nā anti-aromatase a like me ka steroid clostebol (4-chlorotestosteron).
4-hydroxythreonine-4-phosphate dehydrogenase: I loko o ka enzymology, kahi 4-hydroxythreonine-4-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.262 ) kahi enzyme e catalyzed i ka hopena kemika 4-phosphonooxy-L-threonine + NAD ⁺ $\text{[math]}$ (2S) -2-amino-3-oxo-4-phosphonooxybutanoate + NADH + H ⁺
P-Cresol: para -Cresol , a ʻo 4-methylphenol , kahi hui kūmole me ke ʻano CH ₃ C ₆ H ₄ (OH). He paʻa kala ʻole ia e hoʻohana ākea ʻia ma waena i ka hana ʻana o nā kemika ʻē aʻe. He derivative ia o phenol a he isomer o o -cresol a me m -cresol .
Kahului: I ke geometry, ʻo ka tesseract ke ʻano hoʻohālikelike ʻehā o ka pahu; aia ka tesseract i ka pahu e like me ka pahu i ka square. E like me ka ʻeono o ke alo o ka pahu i ka pahu o ka pahu, ʻo ka hypersurface o ka tesseract he ʻewalu mau huna huina cubical. ʻO ka tesseract kekahi o nā convex ʻeono mau 4-polytopes maʻamau.
4I: 4I a i ʻole 4-E kuhikuhi paha wau iā: ʻO ke code IATA a Izair Nimiq 4i, kahi hoʻohālike o Nimiq
Imidazoleacetate 4-monooxygenase: I loko o ka enzymology, kahi imidazoleacetate 4-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.13.5 ) kahi enzyme e catalyzed i ka hopena kemika 4-imidazoleacetate + NADH + H ⁺ + O ₂ $\text{[math]}$ 5-hydroxy-4-imidazoleacetate + NAD ⁺ + H ₂ O
Imidazol-4-hoʻokahi-5-propionic acid: ʻO ka Imidazol-4-one-5-propionic acid kahi ma waena o ka metabolism o histidine. He hui kala ʻole ia i maʻalahi i ka malamalama i ka ea. Hoʻohālikelike ka hui i kahi apo imidazolone. Kū aʻe ia ma o ka hana a urocanase ma urocanic acid. Hoʻopili ʻia ka hydrolysis o ka heterocycle i ka derivative acid glutamic e ka imidazolonepropionate hydrolase.
ʻEhā-i-a-lālani: ʻEhā-i-ka-lālani ka inoa no ke kaʻina o nā pāʻani kahi e kau ai ka mea i nā mea ʻehā i ka lālani. Aia kekahi o kēia mau pāʻani: Hoʻohui ʻEhā Helu ʻehā 3-D Tic-Tac-Toe Pāʻani a Kaplansky ʻO Quarto ʻO Gobblet
Palapala ʻāina ʻo Karnaugh: ʻO ka palapala ʻāina ʻo Karnaugh he hana ia e hoʻomaʻalahi i nā ʻōlelo a Algebra Boolean. Ua hoʻolauna ʻo Maurice Karnaugh iā ia ma 1953 ma ke ʻano he refinement o kā Edward W. Veitch's 1952 Veitch chart , kahi mea i loaʻa hou iā Allan Marquand's 1881 diagram log aka Marquand diagram ' akā me ka nānā i kau ʻia i kāna pono no ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā kaapuni.' No laila ʻike ʻia nā pakuhi ʻo Veitch ʻo Marquand – Veitch diagram , 'a me nā palapala ʻāina ʻo Karnaugh ma ke ʻano he palapala ʻāina ʻo Karnaugh – Veitch .
Palapala ʻāina ʻo Karnaugh: ʻO ka palapala ʻāina ʻo Karnaugh he hana ia e hoʻomaʻalahi i nā ʻōlelo a Algebra Boolean. Ua hoʻolauna ʻo Maurice Karnaugh iā ia ma 1953 ma ke ʻano he refinement o kā Edward W. Veitch's 1952 Veitch chart , kahi mea i loaʻa hou iā Allan Marquand's 1881 diagram log aka Marquand diagram ' akā me ka nānā i kau ʻia i kāna pono no ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā kaapuni.' No laila ʻike ʻia nā pakuhi ʻo Veitch ʻo Marquand – Veitch diagram , 'a me nā palapala ʻāina ʻo Karnaugh ma ke ʻano he palapala ʻāina ʻo Karnaugh – Veitch .
Para-Iodoamphetamine: para -Iodoamphetamine ( PIA ), ʻike ʻia ʻo 4-iodoamphetamine ( 4-IA ), he kemikala noiʻi no nā papa kemikala phenethylamine a me amphetamine.
4-Ipomeanol: 4-Ipomeanol ( 4-IPO ) kahi pulmonary pre-toxin i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia mai nā ʻuala i hoʻopili ʻia me ka fungus Fusarium solani . ʻO kekahi o nā metabolites 4-IPO he mea ʻawaʻawa i nā akemāmā, ate a me nā puʻupaʻa i nā kānaka a me nā holoholona. Hiki i kēia metabolite ke hoʻopaʻa covalently i nā proteins, a laila keakea i nā kaʻina hana maʻamau.
Limonene: ʻO Limonene kahi waipuna aliphatic hydrocarbon wai i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e like me ka cyclic monoterpene, a ʻo ia ka mea nui i ka aila o nā hua hua citrus ʻO ka D -isomer, ʻoi aku ka nui ma ke ʻano e like me ke ʻala o nā ʻalani, kahi mea ʻala i ka hana ʻana i ka meaʻai. Hoʻohana ʻia ia i ka synthes kemikina ma ke ʻano he precursor to carvone a ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe huahana. Loaʻa ka L -isomer ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma nā aila mint a he piny, ʻaʻala like turpentine. ʻO ka hui kekahi o nā monoterpenes nui maʻalahi i loaʻa i ka resin o conifers, keu hoʻi i ka Pinaceae, a me ka aila ʻalani.
P-Cymene: p -Cymene kahi hui ʻokanika kūlohelohe a kūlohelohe. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ia ma ke ʻano he alkylbenzene e pili ana i kahi monoterpene. ʻO kāna hanana he benzene ring para -substitutes me kahi hui methyl a me kahi hui isopropyl. p -Cymene hiki ʻole ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai, akā miscible me nā mea hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia.
ʻO Amoscanate: ʻO Amoscanate (INN), i ʻike ʻia he nithiocyamine , kahi mea hoʻohana anthelmintic hoʻokolohua o ka papa arylisothiocyanate i ʻike ʻia he maikaʻi loa i nā holoholona e kūʻē i nā ʻano nui ʻehā o nā schistosome e hoʻopili i nā kānaka, a hana nui hoʻi i ka maʻi ʻowea. Eia nō naʻe, ua ʻike ʻia ka pīhoihoi o ke ake nui i nā holoholona lab ma nā ʻoi kiʻekiʻe. Hoʻohana ʻia ka analog ether o amoscanate, nitroscanate, i ka lāʻau lapaʻau lāʻau e like me kahi anthelmintic.
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4K: Kuhi paha ʻo 4K , 4-K a i ʻole 4k iā: 4000 (helu) ʻEhā kibibytes Ka nui o ka ʻāpana diski 4K ʻO ka 4K demoscene compo, kahi hoʻokūkū kiʻi kamepiula e hoʻohana nei i nā papahana i kaupalena ʻia i 4 kibibytes ʻO ka hoʻokūkū hoʻokūkū pāʻani Java 4K Hoʻoholo ʻo 4K, kahi huaʻōlelo no nā wikiō wikiō kikoʻī e loaʻa ana kahi hoʻonā papamoe ma kahi o 4,000 mau pika 4K UHDTV, kahi ʻano kīwī kīwī kiʻekiʻe loa 4K, ke code airline IATA no Askari Aviation 4K, kahi inoa ʻē aʻe no Cuatro Cabezas, kahi hui hana multimedia ʻo Argentina. 4K, k modelkohu o ka ʻenekini Toyota K 4K, ke kiʻina hana no ka 1976 Kauka ʻO wai ka serial The Brain of Morbius 4KDownload, kahi o nā polokalamu shareware
Ka papa inoa o nā kuahiwi o Colorado: Aia i loko o kēia ʻatikala nā papa i hoʻonohonoho ʻia he ʻekolu o nā piko kuahiwi nui o ka mokuʻāina ʻo US o Colorado.
Yonkoma: ʻO Yonkoma manga , kahi ʻano pāhenehene, ma loko o nā pā komikū hemo ma loko o nā paneli ʻehā o ka nui like i kau ʻia mai luna a lalo. Holo pū kekahi lākou i ka manawa ʻākau a hema hema a hoʻohana paha i kahi kaila 2 × 2 hapalua, ke kaukaʻi ʻia nei i nā koina hoʻonohonoho o ka paʻi a lākou e hōʻike ai. ʻOiai mai ka ʻōlelo Kepanī ka huaʻōlelo yonkoma , aia nō ke kaila ma waho o Iapana i nā ʻāina ʻĀkia ʻē aʻe a me ka mākeke ʻōlelo Pelekania.
4L: Hiki iā 4L a i ʻole 4-L ke kuhikuhi iā: 4L, inoa ʻē aʻe no Renault 4 ʻO 4L ka makahiki ʻehā a hope hoʻi o kahi haumāna loio ma Tanzania, Kenya a me Uganda. 4L Pālapa Curtiss R-4L, k modelkohu o Curtiss Model R ORC4L ʻO Proje 4L, e ʻike iā Proje4L / Elgiz Museum o Contemporary Art ʻO British Class Class 202 Diesel-uila mau anakahi (6L) ke hoʻemi ʻia i kahi hoʻonohonoho kaʻa ʻehā. 4L (bana), hui kaikamahine Kōlea Hema 4L, ke kiʻina hana no ka Kauka 1976 nāna i hoʻopaʻa i ka hua o ka hopena ʻO Liona Legion of Loggers a me Lumbermen, kahi hui hui ʻAmelika i hoʻokumu ʻia ma 1917.
Alanui alanui ʻelua: ʻO ke alaloa ʻelua a ʻelua a ʻelua paha ala ākea he ala ākea a i ʻole ke alaloa me hoʻokahi ala wale nō ma kēlā me kēia ala, a ʻaʻohe ma waena o nā pale waena. Kūkulu ʻia ia ala ma muli o nā kaohi, a i ʻole manaʻo ʻia no ka hoʻonui ʻana ke piʻi aʻe ka nui o nā kaʻa. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka huaʻōlelo super ʻoi e nā roadgeeks no kēia ʻano ala, akā hoʻohana nā ʻenekini kalepa i kēlā huaʻōlelo no kahi ala kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe. ʻAʻole e uku ʻia ka hapa nui o kēia mau alanui.
Alanui alanui ʻelua: ʻO ke alaloa ʻelua a ʻelua a ʻelua paha ala ākea he ala ākea a i ʻole ke alaloa me hoʻokahi ala wale nō ma kēlā me kēia ala, a ʻaʻohe ma waena o nā pale waena. Kūkulu ʻia ia ala ma muli o nā kaohi, a i ʻole manaʻo ʻia no ka hoʻonui ʻana ke piʻi aʻe ka nui o nā kaʻa. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka huaʻōlelo super ʻoi e nā roadgeeks no kēia ʻano ala, akā hoʻohana nā ʻenekini kalepa i kēlā huaʻōlelo no kahi ala kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe. ʻAʻole e uku ʻia ka hapa nui o kēia mau alanui.
Hoʻopōkole: An ailona o ka hoopokole ano o ka olelo a hopuna'ōlelo, ma kekahi hana. Loaʻa paha i kahi hui o nā leka, a i ʻole nā huaʻōlelo i lawe ʻia mai ka mana piha o ka huaʻōlelo a huaʻōlelo paha; ʻo kahi laʻana, hiki i ka huaʻōlelo pōkole ke hōʻike iā ia iho e ka pōkole abbr. , abbrv. , a i ʻole abbrev. ; NPO , no nil per (by) os (waha) kahi ʻōlelo lapaʻau i hoʻopōkole ʻia. Loaʻa paha i nā hua mua wale nō, kahi huikau o nā hua mua a me nā huaʻōlelo, a i ʻole nā huaʻōlelo a mau leka paha e hōʻike ana i nā huaʻōlelo i kahi ʻōlelo ʻē aʻe. ʻO kekahi ʻano o nā pōkole he acronyms, initialism, a i ʻole ka grammatical contractions a i ʻole crasis.
ʻEhā huaʻōlelo: ʻO ka huaʻōlelo ʻehā mau leka e pili ana i kahi huaʻōlelo Pelekania i kākau ʻia me nā leka ʻehā i manaʻo ʻia he haumia, e like me nā huaʻōlelo kaulana a i ʻole slang no nā hana excretory, ka moekolohe a me nā genitalia, nā huaʻōlelo e pili ana i Hell a i ʻole ka hōʻino ke hoʻohana ʻia ma waho o ka haipule. pōʻaiapili a hōʻino paha. ʻO ke kuleana "ʻehā leka" e pili ana i ka nui o nā huaʻōlelo Pelekania he "monosellable" ʻehā mau ʻano. Ua hoʻohana ʻia kēia wehewehe i ka hapa mua o ke kenekulia iwakālua.
ʻO ka ʻōlelo hoʻohoka Pololei hoʻohuli: ʻO ka nota Reverse Polish ( RPN ), i ʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he moʻomanaʻo Polopika a i ʻole ka leka hoʻomaʻamaʻa postfix , kahi hoʻomanaʻo makemakika e hāhai ai nā mea lawelawe i kā lākou hana, ʻokoʻa i ka nota Polani (PN), kahi o nā mea hana ma mua o kā lākou operand. ʻAʻole pono ia i nā mākia ʻoiai ʻo kēlā me kēia mea lawelawe kahi helu paʻa o nā operand. ʻO ka wehewehe "Pōlani" e pili ana i ka lāhui o ka mea loea hana ʻo Jan Łukasiewicz, ka mea nāna i haku ka manaʻo Polani i ka makahiki 1924.
Pākuʻi kuapo: ʻO kahi interchange stack kahi ʻano kikoʻī, kahe manuahi o ka hoʻolālā no nā loli, ʻo ia hoʻi nā huina alanui i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia. Ua kapa ʻia ia ma ke ʻano he interchange interchange i ka ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa o ke Alanui Aupuni a me nā Alakaʻi Hoʻokele o nā Alakaʻi e pili ana i ka hoʻolālā Geometric o nā alaloa a me nā alanui
Super-logarithm: I ka makemakika, ʻo ka super-logarithm kekahi o nā hana hoʻohuli ʻelua o ka tetration. E like me ka exponentiation he ʻelua mau hana kekeʻe, nā aʻa a me nā logarithms, he ʻelua mau ʻano kūwewe ʻo ke tetration, aʻa-aʻa a me nā super-logarithms. Nui a hewahewa nā ala o ka wehewehe ʻana i nā logarith super: E like me ka hana a Abela o nā hana exponential, E like me ka hana hoʻohuli o ka tetration e pili ana i ke kiʻekiʻe, Ma ke ʻano he laulā o ka ʻōnaehana papa helu nui a Robert Munafo,
4M: E nānā paha ʻo 4M a i ʻole 4-M iā: 4m, a i ʻole 4 mika Pākuʻi 4 mika i ka lekiō amatir 4M, k modelkohu o ka ʻenekini Toyota M 4M, kahi laʻana o ka ʻenekini Mitsubishi 4M4 4M, kahi laʻana o HP LaserJet 4 DC-4M, kahi inoa o Canadair North Star A-4M, kahi laʻana o Douglas A-4 Skyhawk Fokker DH-4M, e ʻike iā Airco DH.4 VF-4M, e ʻike iā VMA-211 VB-4M, e ʻike iā VMFA-232 PB-4M, ʻike iā Osa (pahu lima) ʻO Sun-4m, kahi hoʻohālikelike o ka hana o Sun-4 Teleskopa Mayall 4m, e ʻike iā Nicholas U. Mayall Telescope Meade 4M Community, kahi kaiāulu ʻike ʻike hōkū i kākoʻo ʻia e Meade Instruments LATAM Argentina, kahi mokulele haʻalele ʻole i hoʻokumu ʻia ma Buenos Aires, Argentina J-4M, e ʻike iā Barnett J4B 4M o nā ʻoihana hana ʻo Man, Kālā, Pono Pono a me Mīkini. E ʻike pū i ka hoʻokele waiwai a me ka kiʻi ʻo Ishikawa. Nā polokalamu polokalamu 4M no nā ʻenekini, ʻike iā IDEA Architectural a me FINE MEP 4M, Misiona Hoʻomanaʻo Manfred Moon, ʻo ka mikiona mahina kalepa mua 4M, ke kiʻina hana no ka 1976 Kauka ʻO wai ka serial The Masque o Mandragora
4-Maleylacetoacetic acid: ʻO 4-Maleylacetoacetate ( 4-maleylacetoacetate ) kahi mea waena i ka metabolism o tyrosine.
Maleylacetoacetate isomerase: I loko o ka enzymology, maleylacetoacetate isomerase kahi enemi e catalyze i ka hopena kemika 4-maleylacetoacetate $\text{[math]}$ 4-fumarylacetoacetate
ʻO Bobsleigh: ʻO Bobsleigh a i ʻole bobsled kahi kime hoʻoulu kime e pili ana i ka hana ʻana i ka manawa i lalo e hāiki ana, wili ʻia, panakō ʻia, a me nā ala hau i loko o kahi kaʻa uila. Mālama ʻia nā hoʻokūkū hoʻokūkū bobsleigh International e ka International Bobsleigh a me Skeleton Federation, i ʻike ʻia ʻo FIBT mai ka French Fédération Internationale de Bobsleigh et de Tobogganing . Hoʻokele pinepine ʻia nā hoʻokūkū aupuni e nā kino e like me ka United States Bobsled and Skeleton Federation a me Bobsleigh Canada Skeleton.