Abele, Abele (opera), Abele (surname)

Abele: Hiki paha iā Abele ke kuhikuhi iā: ʻO Abele (kahi kauhale), kahi kauhale liʻiliʻi a i ʻole kauhale ma ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Poperinge, ma ka moku Belgian o West-Flanders Abele (inoa) ʻO Abele, cyclone tropical, 2010 ʻO ʻAbela, he hale Champagne Abele (opera) , kahi pāʻani Italia na Vittoria Alfieri ʻO USS Abele (AN-58) , he moku ʻAmelika ʻĀlika ʻAilanthus-e waiho ana i ka ʻupena net net ʻO USS Mannert L. Abele (DD-733) , ʻAmelike ʻo Allen M. Sumner-he luku luku ʻO Populus alba , ka poplar keʻokeʻo, kahi ʻano lāʻau ʻAno ʻAbelian Abele, ka inoa Polani no ke kaona ʻo Obeliai, Lituania
Abele (opera): ʻO Abele kahi pāʻani Italia i hoʻoulu ʻia ma nā mokuna Baibala mua na Vittorio Alfieri (1749-1803) āna i hōʻike ai ma ke ʻano he tramelogedia. Ua kākau ʻia ia i ka makahiki 1786 a paʻi mua ʻia ma hope o ka make ʻana o Alfieri ma 1804 ma Ladana. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā hāmeʻe o ka pāʻani i ʻelua mau hui: Aia i ka hui mua nā mea mua o ka honua i noho ma hope o ka hana ʻana a me ka lua o ka pūʻulu e hōʻike i nā mea ʻuhane.
Abele (inoa) ʻO Abele kahi ʻohana. E kuhikuhi paha ia i: ʻO Anton Abele, he luna politika ʻo Suedena ʻO Arnulf Abele (1914-2000), luna koa Kelemania ʻO Arthur Abele, decathlete Kelemania ʻO Chris Abele, he kanaka kālepa ʻAmelika a he mea aloha Christoph Ignaz Abele (1628–1685), jurist Austrian jurist ʻO Doris Abele, ka meaolaola kaiola Kelemania ʻO Ekkehard Abele, he mea mele opera Kelemania Johann Martin Abele (1753-1805), mea hoʻopuka Kelemania ʻO John Abele, he kanaka kālepa ʻo ʻAmelika Julian Abele (1881–1950), mea kālai kiʻi ʻAmelika Lawrence G. Abele, kālaiʻike ʻAmelika Mannert L. Abele (1903–1942), luna moku kaua ʻAmelika Matthias Abele (1618–1677), Austrian jurist Pete Abele (1916-2000), mea kālaiʻāina ʻAmelika
Abele (kauhale): He kauhale liʻiliʻi ʻo Abele a i ʻole kahi kauhale ma ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Poperinge, ma ka moku Belgian o West-Flanders. Aia ke kauhale ma ka panalāʻau o Poperinge kūpono a me kāna "deelgemeente" Watou, akā aia kekahi hapa ma ka ʻāina ʻo Palani. Aia ma kahi o 600 mau kamaʻāina o Abele, a he 100 paha o lākou he poʻe Farani. Kūlike ke ala nui me ka palena ma waena o Pelekiuma a me Palani, no laila aia nā hale ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻokoʻa o ke alanui i kahi ʻāina ʻē.
Abele Ambrosini: He ʻaoʻao Italia ʻo Abele Ambrosini .
Abele Blanc: He mauna mauna ʻo ʻIbele Blanc . I ka 2011, lilo ʻo ia i iwakāluakūmālua i piʻi i ka ʻumikūmāwalu ʻewalu kaukani kaukani, i hana ʻia ma waena o 1992 a me 2011.
ʻO Foundation Argosy: ʻO ka Argosy Foundation , hoʻokumu ʻia i ka makahiki 1997, aia ma Milwaukee, Wisconsin i kēia manawa. Ua kapa ʻia ia ma mua ʻo ka Abele Family Charities Trust.
Abele Nunatak: ʻO Abele Nunatak kahi nunatak e waiho ana 2 mile (3 km) hikina o Hutcheson Nunataks ma ke poʻo o Balchen Glacier, ma ka ʻāina Marie Byrd Land. Ua palapala ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ana i hana ʻia e ka United States Geological Survey (USGS) a me nā kiʻi lewa o ka US Navy mai 1959-65, a ma hope ua kapa ʻia e ke Kōmike aʻoaʻo no nā inoa Antarctic (US-ACAN) ma hope o CA Abele, Jr., he lālā o ka ʻO Byrd Antarctic Expedition (1933-35).
ʻO Renzo Novatore: ʻO Abele Rizieri Ferrari , ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi i ʻike ʻia e ka inoa peni ʻo Renzo Novatore , he anarchist individualist Italia, loio kūʻē a me ka mea kākau mele anti-fascist, he mea akeakamai a me ka mea koa, i kēia manawa i ʻike nui ʻia no kāna puke i paʻi ʻia e pili ana iā Toward the Creative Nothing a pili pū me nā ʻano ultra-modernist o futurism. Hoʻololi ʻia kona manaʻo e Max Stirner, Friedrich Nietzsche, Georges Palante, Oscar Wilde, Henrik Ibsen, Arthur Schopenhauer a me Charles Baudelaire.
Pākuʻi Forrestal: ʻO ka mauna Forrestal kahi mauna mauna i uhi ʻia e ka hau, ma kahi o 105 km (65 mi) ka lōʻihi, e kū ana ma ka hikina o Dufek Massif a me ka pae ʻo Neptune ma nā mauna Pensacola o Antarctica. ʻIke ʻia a kiʻi ʻia ma ka lā 13 Ianuali 1956 ma kahi lele mokulele transcontinental o ka US Navy Operation Deep Freeze I mai McMurdo Sound a i kahi o ke kai ʻo Weddell a hoʻi.
ʻO Abele spelen: ʻO ka Abele spelen kahi hōʻiliʻili o nā pāʻani ʻehā i loko o ka Van Hulthem Manuscript, mai ka makahiki 1410 a aia i ka hōʻuluʻulu o ka Royal Library o Belgian ma Brussels.
ʻO Ramón Abeledo: He pâʻani pôpeku 'o Argentina' o Ramón Gregorio Abeledo i pâʻani no Argentina ma ka 1962 FIFA World Cup. Pāʻani 'o ia no Club Atlético Independiente.
Nacho Abeledo: He pâʻani pôpeku Sepania ʻo Ignacio "Nacho" de Loyola Abeledo Rute i hoʻokani pila no CD San ​​Roque de Lepe ma ke ʻano he winger hema.
ʻO Ramón Abeledo: He pâʻani pôpeku 'o Argentina' o Ramón Gregorio Abeledo i pâʻani no Argentina ma ka 1962 FIFA World Cup. Pāʻani 'o ia no Club Atlético Independiente.
Abela: E nānā paha ʻo ʻAbela i: Hiki (disambiguation) ʻO Abeheh, Khuzestan
ʻO Abeheh, Khuzestan: He kauhale ʻo Abeleh ma ka moku ʻo Rud Zard Rural, ma ka moku waena o Bagh-e Malek County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. Ma ka helu kanaka o 2006, ua kaulana kona ola ʻana, akā ʻaʻole hōʻike ʻia kona heluna kanaka.
Ableh-ye Sofla: He kauhale ʻo Ableh-ye Sofla ma ka moku ʻo Holayjan Rural, ma ka moku waena o ka moku ʻo Izeh, ka moku ʻo Khuzestan, ʻIrani. Ma ka helu kanaka o 2006, 215 kona heluna kānaka, ma 38 mau ʻohana.
Ableh-ye Sofla: He kauhale ʻo Ableh-ye Sofla ma ka moku ʻo Holayjan Rural, ma ka moku waena o ka moku ʻo Izeh, ka moku ʻo Khuzestan, ʻIrani. Ma ka helu kanaka o 2006, 215 kona heluna kānaka, ma 38 mau ʻohana.
Manfred Abelein: He kanaka kālaiʻāina Kelemania ʻo Manfred Abelein . He lunamakaʻāinana ʻo ia no ka German Christian Democratic Union.
ʻO Abelemkpe: He wahi kūlanakauhale ʻo Abelenkpe ma ka moku ʻo Accra Metropolitan, kahi moku o ka Greater Accra Region o Ghana.
ʻ Ablelo Abellen: ʻO Abellen , Abenlen , Aburlin, a i ʻole Ayta Abellen , he ʻōlelo Sambalic. Aia ma kahi o 3,500 mau haʻi ʻōlelo a ʻōlelo ʻia i kekahi mau kaiāulu Aeta ma ka moku ʻo Tarlac, ʻo Philippines ʻo Ayta Abellen ponoʻī kahi ʻohana o ka ʻohana ʻōlelo Sambalic ma Filipaina a pili loa me nā ʻōlelo ʻelima Ayta ʻē aʻe wale nō, akā me ka ʻōlelo Botolan o ʻO Sambal.
ʻ Ablelo Abellen: ʻO Abellen , Abenlen , Aburlin, a i ʻole Ayta Abellen , he ʻōlelo Sambalic. Aia ma kahi o 3,500 mau haʻi ʻōlelo a ʻōlelo ʻia i kekahi mau kaiāulu Aeta ma ka moku ʻo Tarlac, ʻo Philippines ʻo Ayta Abellen ponoʻī kahi ʻohana o ka ʻohana ʻōlelo Sambalic ma Filipaina a pili loa me nā ʻōlelo ʻelima Ayta ʻē aʻe wale nō, akā me ka ʻōlelo Botolan o ʻO Sambal.
ʻ Ablelo Abellen: ʻO Abellen , Abenlen , Aburlin, a i ʻole Ayta Abellen , he ʻōlelo Sambalic. Aia ma kahi o 3,500 mau haʻi ʻōlelo a ʻōlelo ʻia i kekahi mau kaiāulu Aeta ma ka moku ʻo Tarlac, ʻo Philippines ʻo Ayta Abellen ponoʻī kahi ʻohana o ka ʻohana ʻōlelo Sambalic ma Filipaina a pili loa me nā ʻōlelo ʻelima Ayta ʻē aʻe wale nō, akā me ka ʻōlelo Botolan o ʻO Sambal.
ʻ Ablelo Abellen: ʻO Abellen , Abenlen , Aburlin, a i ʻole Ayta Abellen , he ʻōlelo Sambalic. Aia ma kahi o 3,500 mau haʻi ʻōlelo a ʻōlelo ʻia i kekahi mau kaiāulu Aeta ma ka moku ʻo Tarlac, ʻo Philippines ʻo Ayta Abellen ponoʻī kahi ʻohana o ka ʻohana ʻōlelo Sambalic ma Filipaina a pili loa me nā ʻōlelo ʻelima Ayta ʻē aʻe wale nō, akā me ka ʻōlelo Botolan o ʻO Sambal.
Leonardo Abelenda: ʻO Leonardo Daniel Abelenda Rodríguez ka mea haʻuki haʻuki Uruguayan e pāʻani nei no Plaza Colonia ma ka Uruguayan Segunda División.
Leonardo Abelenda: ʻO Leonardo Daniel Abelenda Rodríguez ka mea haʻuki haʻuki Uruguayan e pāʻani nei no Plaza Colonia ma ka Uruguayan Segunda División.
ʻO Abelemkpe: He wahi kūlanakauhale ʻo Abelenkpe ma ka moku ʻo Accra Metropolitan, kahi moku o ka Greater Accra Region o Ghana.
Jim Abeler: ʻO James J. Abeler II kahi mea kālai'āina Minnesota a he lālā o ka Senate Minnesota. He lālā o ka Aoao Repubalika o Minnesota, ua pani ʻo ia i ka Apana 35 ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o Twin Cities. Ma mua ua kū ʻo ia i ka ʻĀpana 35A ma ka Hale o nā Lunamakaʻāinana o Minnesota.
Jim Abeler: ʻO James J. Abeler II kahi mea kālai'āina Minnesota a he lālā o ka Senate Minnesota. He lālā o ka Aoao Repubalika o Minnesota, ua pani ʻo ia i ka Apana 35 ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o Twin Cities. Ma mua ua kū ʻo ia i ka ʻĀpana 35A ma ka Hale o nā Lunamakaʻāinana o Minnesota.
ʻAbela: ʻO Abela kahi inoa Pelekane a me ka Iudaio, i lawe ʻia mai ka inoa Baibala ʻAbela. ʻO nā poʻe koʻikoʻi me ka inoa pū kekahi: ʻO Beniamina ʻAmelē, he mea kālaikūlohea ʻAmelika ʻO Edward Abeles (1869-1919), mea hana keaka ʻAmelika ʻO Florin Abelès (1922-2005), physicist Palani ʻO John H Abeles, he kanaka kālepa ʻAmelika ʻO Kim Victoria Abeles, he mea pena kiʻi ʻAmelika ʻO Michele Abeles, he mea pena kiʻi ʻAmelika Peter Abeles (1924–1999), he kanaka kālepa ʻo Nūhōlani Moshe Abeles, ka mea noiʻi lolo ʻIseraʻela ʻO Norman Abeles, he psychologist ʻAmelika hānau ʻia ma Austrian ʻO Ruth Abeles, ka haʻuki haʻuki 'Olumepika ʻO Sigmund Abeles, ka mea pena kiʻi kiʻi ʻAmelika
ʻO Beniamina ʻAmelē: ʻO Benjamin Abeles kahi physicist Austrian-Czech nona ka noiʻi ʻana i nā makahiki 1960 i ka US ma germanium-silicon alloys i alakaʻi ʻia i ka ʻenehana i hoʻohana ʻia i ka mana ākea e like me ka Voyager spacecraft . Ua ulu ʻo ia ma ʻAukekulia a me Czechoslovakia a hōʻea i UK ma 1939 ma kekahi o nā mikiona Kindertransport . Ua hoʻopau ʻo ia i kāna aʻo ʻana ma hope o ke kaua ma Czechoslovakia a me Israel, e loaʻa ana i ka doctorate i ka physics. Noho ʻo ia a hana ma ke ʻano he physicist noiʻi i ka US a haʻalele i 1995. ʻO kāna mea hanohano e komo pū me ka 1979 Stuart Ballantine Medal a me kāna hoʻokomo ʻana i ka New Jersey Inventors Hall of Fame (1991).
ʻO Peter Abeles: ʻO Sir Peter Emil Herbert Abeles , AC he magnate hoʻokele Australia. ʻO kahi mea mahuka mai Hungary, ua lilo ʻo ia i mea kālepa ma Australia, a ua naita i ka makahiki 1972.
Ka hana hoʻoili-matrix (optika): ʻO ke ʻano hoʻoili-matrix kahi hana i hoʻohana ʻia i nā optics a me nā acoustics e kālailai i ka hoʻolaha ʻana o nā hawewe electromagnetic a i ʻole nā ​​acoustic nalu ma o ka medium stratified. ʻO kēia kahi laʻana e pili ana no ka hoʻolālā ʻana i nā pale anti-reflective a me nā aniani dielectric.
Abalessa: He kaona ʻo Abalessa a me ke kaona ma ka moku ʻo Tamanrasset, ma ka hema ʻo Algeria, kahi hui pū me ka ʻāpana o ka inoa like. Wahi a ka helu kanaka o 2008 he 9,163 ka heluna kānaka mai 6,484 i ka makahiki 1998, me ka 3.6% o ka ulu ulu makahiki. Aia ʻo Abalessa ma ke ala ʻoihana Trans-Saharan kahiko, 80 mau kilomita (50 mi) komohana o ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Tamanrasset, ke kapikala o ka panalāʻau. ʻO ka leka uila o ke kaona ʻo 11120.
Abalessa: He kaona ʻo Abalessa a me ke kaona ma ka moku ʻo Tamanrasset, ma ka hema ʻo Algeria, kahi hui pū me ka ʻāpana o ka inoa like. Wahi a ka helu kanaka o 2008 he 9,163 ka heluna kānaka mai 6,484 i ka makahiki 1998, me ka 3.6% o ka ulu ulu makahiki. Aia ʻo Abalessa ma ke ala ʻoihana Trans-Saharan kahiko, 80 mau kilomita (50 mi) komohana o ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Tamanrasset, ke kapikala o ka panalāʻau. ʻO ka leka uila o ke kaona ʻo 11120.
ʻO Johann Philipp Abelin: ʻO Johann Philipp Abelin ka mea kākau moʻolelo Kelemania nona ka ʻoihana i kāwili ʻia i nā kenekulia 16 a me 17. Ua hānau ʻia paha ia ma Strasbourg, a make ma laila ma waena o 1634 a me 1637. Ua kākau ʻo ia i nā moʻolelo he nui ma lalo o nā pseudonyms o Abeleus , ʻo Philipp Arlanibäus , ʻo Johann Ludwig Gottfried lāua ʻo Gotofredus .
Oxytrigona tataira: ʻO Oxytrigona tataira , ʻike ʻia ʻo ka tataíra a i ʻole abelha-de-fogo , kahi ʻano o ka bee stingless eusocial ma ka ʻohana Apidae a me ka ʻohana Meliponini.
ʻO Abelhaleem Hasan Abdelraziq Ashqar: ʻO Abelhaleem Hasan Abdelraziq Ashqar kahi mea hoʻouluulu Muslim Palestinian ka mea, i kahi manawa pōkole, he polofesa kōkua o ka ʻoihana ma ke Kulanui ʻo Howard. Ua hoʻopaʻi ʻia ʻo ia no ka hoʻowahāwahā a me ka ālai ʻana i ka pono no ka hōʻole ʻana e hōʻike i mua o ke kiure nui i ka hoʻokolokolo e pili ana i ka loaʻa kālā o Hamas e nā mea hāʻawi kālā i ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, a ua hoʻopaʻi ʻia i Nowemapa 2007 a i ka 135 mau hale paʻahao.
ʻO Abelhaleem Hasan Abdelraziq Ashqar: ʻO Abelhaleem Hasan Abdelraziq Ashqar kahi mea hoʻouluulu Muslim Palestinian ka mea, i kahi manawa pōkole, he polofesa kōkua o ka ʻoihana ma ke Kulanui ʻo Howard. Ua hoʻopaʻi ʻia ʻo ia no ka hoʻowahāwahā a me ka ālai ʻana i ka pono no ka hōʻole ʻana e hōʻike i mua o ke kiure nui i ka hoʻokolokolo e pili ana i ka loaʻa kālā o Hamas e nā mea hāʻawi kālā i ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, a ua hoʻopaʻi ʻia i Nowemapa 2007 a i ka 135 mau hale paʻahao.
ʻAbelaheira: He kauhale ʻo Abelheira ma ke kaona ʻo Lourinhã o Pokukala.
Parish ʻo Ābeļi: ʻO Ābeļi Parish kahi keʻena hoʻomalu o Jēkabpils kulanakauhale, Lakina.
Parish ʻo Ābeļi: ʻO Ābeļi Parish kahi keʻena hoʻomalu o Jēkabpils kulanakauhale, Lakina.
Abelia: ʻO Abelia kahi ʻano i ʻike ʻia ma kahi o 30 mau ʻano a me nā hybrids, hoʻonoho ʻia i loko o ka ʻohana honeysuckle, Caprifoliaceae. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā haʻawina filogenetic molecular i ka genus ʻaʻole monophyletic, a i ka makahiki 2013, ua noi ʻo Maarten Christenhusz i ka hoʻohui o Abelia i Linnaea , me kekahi moʻokūʻauhau ʻē aʻe. Ua hānai ʻia ʻo Abelia ʻāpana Zabelia i ka genus Zabelia .
Abelia (hui): He hui ʻoihana ʻo Abelia ma Norewai, i hoʻonohonoho ʻia ma lalo o ka Confederation aupuni o Norewai Enterprise.
Abelia (hui): He hui ʻoihana ʻo Abelia ma Norewai, i hoʻonohonoho ʻia ma lalo o ka Confederation aupuni o Norewai Enterprise.
Linnaea chinensis: ʻO Linnaea chinensis , synonyms ʻo Abelia chinensis lāua ʻo Abelia rupestris , kahi ʻano ulu o nā pua pua i ka ʻohana honeysuckle Caprifoliaceae. Ua wehewehe ʻia e Robert Brown i ka 1818, a ua hoʻohuli ʻia i ka genus Linnaea ma 1872, ʻoiai ʻaʻole i ʻae ʻia kēia neʻe a hiki i ka makahiki 2013. Noho ka mea kanu ma Kina, Taiwan a me Iapana. He kumulāʻau deciduous kūiki ia me nā kumu ʻulaʻula a me nā aniani, nā lau liʻiliʻi i lilo i ʻulaʻula-ʻeleʻele ma mua o ka hāʻule. ʻO ia kekahi o nā lāʻano pale anuanu i waena o ka genus.
Linnaea chinensis: ʻO Linnaea chinensis , synonyms ʻo Abelia chinensis lāua ʻo Abelia rupestris , kahi ʻano ulu o nā pua pua i ka ʻohana honeysuckle Caprifoliaceae. Ua wehewehe ʻia e Robert Brown i ka 1818, a ua hoʻohuli ʻia i ka genus Linnaea ma 1872, ʻoiai ʻaʻole i ʻae ʻia kēia neʻe a hiki i ka makahiki 2013. Noho ka mea kanu ma Kina, Taiwan a me Iapana. He kumulāʻau deciduous kūiki ia me nā kumu ʻulaʻula a me nā aniani, nā lau liʻiliʻi i lilo i ʻulaʻula-ʻeleʻele ma mua o ka hāʻule. ʻO ia kekahi o nā lāʻano pale anuanu i waena o ka genus.
Linnaea chinensis: ʻO Linnaea chinensis , synonyms ʻo Abelia chinensis lāua ʻo Abelia rupestris , kahi ʻano ulu o nā pua pua i ka ʻohana honeysuckle Caprifoliaceae. Ua wehewehe ʻia e Robert Brown i ka 1818, a ua hoʻohuli ʻia i ka genus Linnaea ma 1872, ʻoiai ʻaʻole i ʻae ʻia kēia neʻe a hiki i ka makahiki 2013. Noho ka mea kanu ma Kina, Taiwan a me Iapana. He kumulāʻau deciduous kūiki ia me nā kumu ʻulaʻula a me nā aniani, nā lau liʻiliʻi i lilo i ʻulaʻula-ʻeleʻele ma mua o ka hāʻule. ʻO ia kekahi o nā lāʻano pale anuanu i waena o ka genus.
Halepule Abelia: ʻO ka hale pule ʻo Abelia o ka Trinity kahi hale pule Orthodox ʻo Georgian kenekulia 13, aia ma ka moku ʻo Tetri Tsqaro ma ke komohana hema o Kvemo Kartli. ʻO kahi hoʻolālā kū hoʻokahi-maʻalahi, aia ia ma ka palena o ke kauhale o kēia lā ʻo Abeliani, i kapa ʻia ʻo Abelia ʻO kahi kuhikuhi i ka diarchy ma Georgia ma lalo o ke kānāwai Mongol i kahi palapala ma ka paia hema o ka halepule e hiki ai i kēia lā ke kūkulu ʻia i ka wā o 1250-1259. Ua kākau ʻia ka hale pule ma ka papa inoa o nā Immovable Cultural Monuments o National Significance o Georgia.
ʻO Zabelia corymbosa: ʻO Zabelia corymbosa kahi ʻano pua kanu i ka ʻohana honeysuckle, Caprifoliaceae. He kamaʻāina ia ma Central Asia, kahi i kū ai i Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, a me Tajikistan.
Linnaea spathulata: ʻO Linnaea spathulata , synonym ʻO Abelia spathulata , he ʻano lino a Linnaea i loko o ka ʻohana honeysuckle (Caprifoliaceae). Hoʻopau kēia mea kanu iā Kōlea a me Iāpana.
Linnaea floribunda: ʻO Linnaea floribunda kahi ʻano mea kanu pua i loko o ka ʻohana honeysuckle, Caprifoliaceae, ma Mexico. Ke ulu nei a 4 m (13 ft) ke kiʻekiʻe a ākea, kahi ulu semi-evergreen a ʻōmaʻomaʻo mau loa hoʻi me nā lau ovate ʻōlinolino a me nā pūpū o nā pua cerise tubular i 5 cm (2.0 in) ka lōʻihi. ʻOiai paʻakikī i lalo i -10 ° C (14 ° F) makemake ia i kahi wahi pale, no ka mea kū i ka paia pōhaku ʻaoʻao hema.
Linnaea × grandiflora: ʻO Linnaea × grandiflora , synonym Abelia × grandiflora , kahi ʻano hybrid o nā pua pua i ka ʻohana honeysuckle Caprifoliaceae, hānai ʻia e ka hybridising L. chinensis me L. uniflora .
Linnaea chinensis: ʻO Linnaea chinensis , synonyms ʻo Abelia chinensis lāua ʻo Abelia rupestris , kahi ʻano ulu o nā pua pua i ka ʻohana honeysuckle Caprifoliaceae. Ua wehewehe ʻia e Robert Brown i ka 1818, a ua hoʻohuli ʻia i ka genus Linnaea ma 1872, ʻoiai ʻaʻole i ʻae ʻia kēia neʻe a hiki i ka makahiki 2013. Noho ka mea kanu ma Kina, Taiwan a me Iapana. He kumulāʻau deciduous kūiki ia me nā kumu ʻulaʻula a me nā aniani, nā lau liʻiliʻi i lilo i ʻulaʻula-ʻeleʻele ma mua o ka hāʻule. ʻO ia kekahi o nā lāʻano pale anuanu i waena o ka genus.
Linnaea floribunda: ʻO Linnaea floribunda kahi ʻano mea kanu pua i loko o ka ʻohana honeysuckle, Caprifoliaceae, ma Mexico. Ke ulu nei a 4 m (13 ft) ke kiʻekiʻe a ākea, kahi ulu semi-evergreen a ʻōmaʻomaʻo mau loa hoʻi me nā lau ovate ʻōlinolino a me nā pūpū o nā pua cerise tubular i 5 cm (2.0 in) ka lōʻihi. ʻOiai paʻakikī i lalo i -10 ° C (14 ° F) makemake ia i kahi wahi pale, no ka mea kū i ka paia pōhaku ʻaoʻao hema.
Linnaea chinensis: ʻO Linnaea chinensis , synonyms ʻo Abelia chinensis lāua ʻo Abelia rupestris , kahi ʻano ulu o nā pua pua i ka ʻohana honeysuckle Caprifoliaceae. Ua wehewehe ʻia e Robert Brown i ka 1818, a ua hoʻohuli ʻia i ka genus Linnaea ma 1872, ʻoiai ʻaʻole i ʻae ʻia kēia neʻe a hiki i ka makahiki 2013. Noho ka mea kanu ma Kina, Taiwan a me Iapana. He kumulāʻau deciduous kūiki ia me nā kumu ʻulaʻula a me nā aniani, nā lau liʻiliʻi i lilo i ʻulaʻula-ʻeleʻele ma mua o ka hāʻule. ʻO ia kekahi o nā lāʻano pale anuanu i waena o ka genus.
Linnaea spathulata: ʻO Linnaea spathulata , synonym ʻO Abelia spathulata , he ʻano lino a Linnaea i loko o ka ʻohana honeysuckle (Caprifoliaceae). Hoʻopau kēia mea kanu iā Kōlea a me Iāpana.
Linnaea chinensis: ʻO Linnaea chinensis , synonyms ʻo Abelia chinensis lāua ʻo Abelia rupestris , kahi ʻano ulu o nā pua pua i ka ʻohana honeysuckle Caprifoliaceae. Ua wehewehe ʻia e Robert Brown i ka 1818, a ua hoʻohuli ʻia i ka genus Linnaea ma 1872, ʻoiai ʻaʻole i ʻae ʻia kēia neʻe a hiki i ka makahiki 2013. Noho ka mea kanu ma Kina, Taiwan a me Iapana. He kumulāʻau deciduous kūiki ia me nā kumu ʻulaʻula a me nā aniani, nā lau liʻiliʻi i lilo i ʻulaʻula-ʻeleʻele ma mua o ka hāʻule. ʻO ia kekahi o nā lāʻano pale anuanu i waena o ka genus.
Linnaea parvifolia: ʻO Linnaea parvifolia , synonym ʻo Abelia schumannii , kahi ʻano mea kanu pua i loko o ka ʻohana Caprifoliaceae, ma waena o Kina. He ulu semi-evergreen e ulu nei i 2 m (7 ft) kiʻekiʻe e 3 m (10 ft) ākea. Hana ʻia nā pua ʻalani a me nā calyces ʻulaʻula i ke kauwela a me ke kauwela.
Linnaea parvifolia: ʻO Linnaea parvifolia , synonym ʻo Abelia schumannii , kahi ʻano mea kanu pua i loko o ka ʻohana Caprifoliaceae, ma waena o Kina. He ulu semi-evergreen e ulu nei i 2 m (7 ft) kiʻekiʻe e 3 m (10 ft) ākea. Hana ʻia nā pua ʻalani a me nā calyces ʻulaʻula i ke kauwela a me ke kauwela.
Zabelia tyaihyonii: ʻO Zabelia tyaihyonii , synonym ʻo Abelia mosanensis , i ʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he abelia ʻaʻala , kahi ʻano ulu lāʻau deciduous i loko o ka ʻohana honeysuckle Caprifoliaceae. Ke ulu nei a 2 mika ke kiʻekiʻe a me ka laulā, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī ma mua o ka nui o nā lāhui e pili ana, e ola ana nā mahana ma −20 ° C (-4 ° F). ʻO ka mohala o ka tubular i keʻokeʻo a keʻokeʻo a ʻala hoʻi, e ʻike ʻia i ka hopena o ka Spring. ʻO ka lau ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo e ʻulaʻula i ka hāʻule ma mua o ka hāʻule.
Linnaea parvifolia: ʻO Linnaea parvifolia , synonym ʻo Abelia schumannii , kahi ʻano mea kanu pua i loko o ka ʻohana Caprifoliaceae, ma waena o Kina. He ulu semi-evergreen e ulu nei i 2 m (7 ft) kiʻekiʻe e 3 m (10 ft) ākea. Hana ʻia nā pua ʻalani a me nā calyces ʻulaʻula i ke kauwela a me ke kauwela.
Linnaea parvifolia: ʻO Linnaea parvifolia , synonym ʻo Abelia schumannii , kahi ʻano mea kanu pua i loko o ka ʻohana Caprifoliaceae, ma waena o Kina. He ulu semi-evergreen e ulu nei i 2 m (7 ft) kiʻekiʻe e 3 m (10 ft) ākea. Hana ʻia nā pua ʻalani a me nā calyces ʻulaʻula i ke kauwela a me ke kauwela.
Linnaea chinensis: ʻO Linnaea chinensis , synonyms ʻo Abelia chinensis lāua ʻo Abelia rupestris , kahi ʻano ulu o nā pua pua i ka ʻohana honeysuckle Caprifoliaceae. Ua wehewehe ʻia e Robert Brown i ka 1818, a ua hoʻohuli ʻia i ka genus Linnaea ma 1872, ʻoiai ʻaʻole i ʻae ʻia kēia neʻe a hiki i ka makahiki 2013. Noho ka mea kanu ma Kina, Taiwan a me Iapana. He kumulāʻau deciduous kūiki ia me nā kumu ʻulaʻula a me nā aniani, nā lau liʻiliʻi i lilo i ʻulaʻula-ʻeleʻele ma mua o ka hāʻule. ʻO ia kekahi o nā lāʻano pale anuanu i waena o ka genus.
Linnaea spathulata: ʻO Linnaea spathulata , synonym ʻO Abelia spathulata , he ʻano lino a Linnaea i loko o ka ʻohana honeysuckle (Caprifoliaceae). Hoʻopau kēia mea kanu iā Kōlea a me Iāpana.
Linnaea parvifolia: ʻO Linnaea parvifolia , synonym ʻo Abelia schumannii , kahi ʻano mea kanu pua i loko o ka ʻohana Caprifoliaceae, ma waena o Kina. He ulu semi-evergreen e ulu nei i 2 m (7 ft) kiʻekiʻe e 3 m (10 ft) ākea. Hana ʻia nā pua ʻalani a me nā calyces ʻulaʻula i ke kauwela a me ke kauwela.
Linnaea parvifolia: ʻO Linnaea parvifolia , synonym ʻo Abelia schumannii , kahi ʻano mea kanu pua i loko o ka ʻohana Caprifoliaceae, ma waena o Kina. He ulu semi-evergreen e ulu nei i 2 m (7 ft) kiʻekiʻe e 3 m (10 ft) ākea. Hana ʻia nā pua ʻalani a me nā calyces ʻulaʻula i ke kauwela a me ke kauwela.
Linnaea spathulata: ʻO Linnaea spathulata , synonym ʻO Abelia spathulata , he ʻano lino a Linnaea i loko o ka ʻohana honeysuckle (Caprifoliaceae). Hoʻopau kēia mea kanu iā Kōlea a me Iāpana.
Linnaea floribunda: ʻO Linnaea floribunda kahi ʻano mea kanu pua i loko o ka ʻohana honeysuckle, Caprifoliaceae, ma Mexico. Ke ulu nei a 4 m (13 ft) ke kiʻekiʻe a ākea, kahi ulu semi-evergreen a ʻōmaʻomaʻo mau loa hoʻi me nā lau ovate ʻōlinolino a me nā pūpū o nā pua cerise tubular i 5 cm (2.0 in) ka lōʻihi. ʻOiai paʻakikī i lalo i -10 ° C (14 ° F) makemake ia i kahi wahi pale, no ka mea kū i ka paia pōhaku ʻaoʻao hema.
Linnaea parvifolia: ʻO Linnaea parvifolia , synonym ʻo Abelia schumannii , kahi ʻano mea kanu pua i loko o ka ʻohana Caprifoliaceae, ma waena o Kina. He ulu semi-evergreen e ulu nei i 2 m (7 ft) kiʻekiʻe e 3 m (10 ft) ākea. Hana ʻia nā pua ʻalani a me nā calyces ʻulaʻula i ke kauwela a me ke kauwela.
Zabelia tyaihyonii: ʻO Zabelia tyaihyonii , synonym ʻo Abelia mosanensis , i ʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he abelia ʻaʻala , kahi ʻano ulu lāʻau deciduous i loko o ka ʻohana honeysuckle Caprifoliaceae. Ke ulu nei a 2 mika ke kiʻekiʻe a me ka laulā, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī ma mua o ka nui o nā lāhui e pili ana, e ola ana nā mahana ma −20 ° C (-4 ° F). ʻO ka mohala o ka tubular i keʻokeʻo a keʻokeʻo a ʻala hoʻi, e ʻike ʻia i ka hopena o ka Spring. ʻO ka lau ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo e ʻulaʻula i ka hāʻule ma mua o ka hāʻule.
Linnaea parvifolia: ʻO Linnaea parvifolia , synonym ʻo Abelia schumannii , kahi ʻano mea kanu pua i loko o ka ʻohana Caprifoliaceae, ma waena o Kina. He ulu semi-evergreen e ulu nei i 2 m (7 ft) kiʻekiʻe e 3 m (10 ft) ākea. Hana ʻia nā pua ʻalani a me nā calyces ʻulaʻula i ke kauwela a me ke kauwela.
Linnaea × grandiflora: ʻO Linnaea × grandiflora , synonym Abelia × grandiflora , kahi ʻano hybrid o nā pua pua i ka ʻohana honeysuckle Caprifoliaceae, hānai ʻia e ka hybridising L. chinensis me L. uniflora .
Linnaea × grandiflora: ʻO Linnaea × grandiflora , synonym Abelia × grandiflora , kahi ʻano hybrid o nā pua pua i ka ʻohana honeysuckle Caprifoliaceae, hānai ʻia e ka hybridising L. chinensis me L. uniflora .
Linnaea × grandiflora: ʻO Linnaea × grandiflora , synonym Abelia × grandiflora , kahi ʻano hybrid o nā pua pua i ka ʻohana honeysuckle Caprifoliaceae, hānai ʻia e ka hybridising L. chinensis me L. uniflora .
ʻO Abambian: E nānā paha ʻo Abelian i:
Nā moʻolelo no Abelian lāua ʻo Tauberian: I ka makemakika, nā kumu mele ʻo Abelian a me Tauberian nā kumumanaʻo e hāʻawi ana i nā kūlana no ʻelua ʻano o ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana i nā moʻo ʻelua e hāʻawi i ka hopena like, i kapa ʻia ma hope o Niels Henrik Abel a me Alfred Tauber. ʻO nā laʻana kumu hoʻohālikelike a ke kumu mele a ʻAbela e hōʻike ana inā hoʻololi kekahi moʻo i kekahi palena a laila ua like ka nui o kā ʻAbela huina, a ʻo Tauber's theemem e hōʻike ana inā aia ke koʻo o ka ʻāpana o Abel a ua liʻiliʻi ka nui o nā koina a laila hoʻololi ka moʻo i ka Abel. huina. Hāʻawi nā manaʻo nui ʻo Abelian a me Tauberian i nā hopena like no nā kiʻina hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo laulā.
ʻO Abambian: E nānā paha ʻo Abelian i:
ʻO Abambian: E nānā paha ʻo Abelian i:
ʻO Abelian 2-hui: I ka makemakika, ʻo kahi hui ʻo Abianian 2 kahi hui nui dimensional ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hui Abianian, ma ke ʻano o ka algebra kiʻekiʻe, i hoʻolauna mua ʻia e Alexander Grothendieck ʻoiai e aʻo ana i nā hanana abstract e pili ana i nā ʻano like ʻole a me nā hui ʻo Picard. More concretely, hāʻawi ʻia lākou e nā groupoids i loaʻa i kahi bifunctor e hana formally e like me ka hoʻohui i kahi hui ʻo Abelian. ʻO ia hoʻi, ka bifunctor he manaʻo ko ka commutativity, ka launa pū, a me kahi ʻano ʻike. ʻOiai he ʻano kiʻekiʻe a kahakaha paha kēia, aia kekahi mau laʻana o nā hui 2-ʻo Abelian. I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, hāʻawi kekahi o ia mau mea i nā prototypes no nā laʻana ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o nā ʻoihana algebraic kiʻekiʻe, e like me nā hui n-Abelian.
Māhele ʻo ʻAmelian: I ka makemakika, he mahele abelian kahi mahele kahi e hiki ai ke hoʻohui ʻia nā morphism a me nā mea a kahi e loaʻa ai nā kernel a me nā cokernels a loaʻa nā waiwai i makemake ʻia. ʻO ka laʻana prototypical kumu hoʻohālikelike o ka mahele abelian ka mahele o nā hui abelian, Ab . Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ke kumumanaʻo i ka hoʻāʻo e hoʻohui i kekahi mau manaʻo cohomology na Alexander Grothendieck a kū kaʻawale i nā hana mua a David Buchsbaum. ʻO nā mahele ʻo Abelian he mau paʻa paʻa loa; ʻo kahi laʻana maʻamau lākou a māʻona lākou i ka lemma nahesa. Ua pani ʻia ka papa o nā ʻāpana abelian ma lalo o kekahi o nā kūkulu kūkulu, no ka laʻana, ka mahele o nā kaulahao kaulahao o ka mahele abelian, a i ʻole ka mahele o nā funcors mai kahi mahele liʻiliʻi a i kahi ʻāpana abelian he abelian pū kekahi. Hana ʻole kēia mau waiwai paʻa iā lākou i ka algebra homological a ma ʻō aku; he noi nui ko ke kumumanaʻo i ka geometry algebraic, cohomology a me ke kumumanaʻo maʻemaʻe maʻemaʻe. Kapa ʻia nā mahele ʻo Abelian ma hope o Niels Henrik ʻAbela.
ʻOkoʻa o ka ʻano mua: I ka makemakika, ka hoʻokaʻawale o ka ʻano mua kahi manawa kuʻuna i hoʻohana ʻia i loko o nā theories o Riemann surfaces a me nā algebraic curves, no nā wahi āpau - mau ʻano ʻokoʻa 1 mau ʻano. Hāʻawi ʻia i kahi manifold M paʻakikī, kahi ʻokoʻa o ke ʻano mua ω no laila mea like ia me kahi ʻano-1 ma nā wahi āpau a holomorphic; ma kahi ʻano algebraic V ʻo ka mea ʻole kū hoʻokahi kahi ʻāpana honua ia o ka pūʻā like Ω 1 o nā ʻano like ʻole o Kähler. I kēlā me kēia hihia ke kumu o ka wehewehe ʻana i ke kumumanaʻo o nā integral abelian.
Hoʻohui ʻia ʻo ʻAlapia: I ka algebra abstract, ʻo ka extension abelian kahi extension Galois nona ka hui Galois he abelian. Ke cyclic ka hui Galois, ua kapa ʻia ka hoʻolōʻihi he hoʻolōʻihi cyclic . Ke hele nei i kahi ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, kāhea ʻia kahi extension Galois inā hiki ke hoʻonā ʻia kāna hui Galois, ʻo ia hoʻi, inā hiki ke hoʻopau ʻia ka hui i kahi papa o nā hoʻolōʻihi maʻamau o kahi hui abelian.
ʻAla ʻAbela: I ka makemakika, ʻo ia hoʻi i ka geometry algebraic, ka hoʻopili paʻakikī ʻana a me ke kumumanaʻo helu algebraic, kahi ʻano abelian kahi ʻano algebraic projective a he pūʻulu algebraic hoʻi, ʻo ia hoʻi, he kānāwai hui e hiki ke wehewehe ʻia e nā hana maʻamau. Aia nā ʻano Abelian i ka manawa like ma waena o nā mea i aʻo nui ʻia i ka geometry algebraic a me nā pono hana nui no ka noiʻi nui ʻana i nā kumuhana ʻē aʻe i ka geometry algebraic a me ke kumumanaʻo helu.
Pūʻulu ʻo Abelian: I ka makemakika, he hui abelian , i kapa ʻia he hui commutative , kahi hui kahi e pili ʻole ai ka hopena o ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka hana o ka hui i ʻelua mau hui i ka hoʻonohonoho a lākou i kākau ai. ʻO ia, commutative ka hana pūʻulu. Me ka hoʻohui ma ke ʻano he hana, nā helu helu a me nā helu maoli e hana i nā hui abelian, a me ka manaʻo o kahi hui abelian e ʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he laulā o kēia mau laʻana. Ua kapa ʻia nā hui ʻo Abelian ma hope o ke kenekulia 19 ma mua o Niels Henrik Abel.
Nā hana Higgs: I ke Ke Ana Hoʻohālikelike o ka physics partikel, pono ka mekanika Higgs e wehewehe i ka hanauna hanauna o ka waiwai "nui" no nā pahu anana. Me ka ʻole o ka mīkini Higgs, e manaʻo ʻia nā bosons āpau (ʻo kekahi o nā papa ʻelua o nā huna huna, a ʻo nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe he nui ʻole) akā hōʻike ʻia nā ana he W + , W - , a me Z 0 bosons ka nui o nā nui o 80 GeV / c 2 . Hoʻoholo ka māla Higgs i kēia conundrum. Hoʻohui ka wehewehe maʻalahi o ka mīkini i kahi māla nui (ka māla Higgs) e hoʻopili i nā wahi āpau i ka Model Standard. Ma lalo o kahi mahana wela kiʻekiʻe, kumu ka māla i ka haʻihaʻi kūlohelohe i ka wā o ka launa ʻana. ʻO ka haki o ka symmetry e hoʻonāukiuki i ka mīkini Higgs, e hana ana i nā bosons e launa pū me ia e loaʻa ka nui. I ke Ke Ana Hoʻohālikelike, ʻo ka huaʻōlelo "Higgs ʻano hana" pili kikoʻī i ka hanauna o nā lehulehu no ka W ± , a me nā Z nā ana kaupaona nāwaliwali ma o ka haki ʻana o ka symmetry uila Ua hoʻolaha ʻo Large Hadron Collider ma CERN i nā hopena kūlike me ka paukū Higgs ma ka lā 14 Malaki 2013, e hana ana i ka māla, a i ʻole kekahi e like me ia, a e wehewehe ana i ka hana o ka hana Higgs ma ke ʻano.
Nā hana Higgs: I ke Ke Ana Hoʻohālikelike o ka physics partikel, pono ka mekanika Higgs e wehewehe i ka hanauna hanauna o ka waiwai "nui" no nā pahu anana. Me ka ʻole o ka mīkini Higgs, e manaʻo ʻia nā bosons āpau (ʻo kekahi o nā papa ʻelua o nā huna huna, a ʻo nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe he nui ʻole) akā hōʻike ʻia nā ana he W + , W - , a me Z 0 bosons ka nui o nā nui o 80 GeV / c 2 . Hoʻoholo ka māla Higgs i kēia conundrum. Hoʻohui ka wehewehe maʻalahi o ka mīkini i kahi māla nui (ka māla Higgs) e hoʻopili i nā wahi āpau i ka Model Standard. Ma lalo o kahi mahana wela kiʻekiʻe, kumu ka māla i ka haʻihaʻi kūlohelohe i ka wā o ka launa ʻana. ʻO ka haki o ka symmetry e hoʻonāukiuki i ka mīkini Higgs, e hana ana i nā bosons e launa pū me ia e loaʻa ka nui. I ke Ke Ana Hoʻohālikelike, ʻo ka huaʻōlelo "Higgs ʻano hana" pili kikoʻī i ka hanauna o nā lehulehu no ka W ± , a me nā Z nā ana kaupaona nāwaliwali ma o ka haki ʻana o ka symmetry uila Ua hoʻolaha ʻo Large Hadron Collider ma CERN i nā hopena kūlike me ka paukū Higgs ma ka lā 14 Malaki 2013, e hana ana i ka māla, a i ʻole kekahi e like me ia, a e wehewehe ana i ka hana o ka hana Higgs ma ke ʻano.
Hoʻohui ʻole ʻo Abelian: I ka makemakika, he integral abelian , i kapa ʻia ma hope o ka makemakika Norewena Niels Henrik Abel, he mea hoʻohui i ka mokulele paʻakikī o ka palapala.
Wahaheʻe algebra: I ka makemakika, ʻo kahi algebra wahahehe kahi v vector me kahi hana i kapa ʻia ʻo ka Lie bracket , kahi palapala ʻāina bilinear alternating , ka mea e māʻona ai ka ʻike ʻo Jacobi. Ka hakahaka vector me kēia hana he algebra pili ʻole, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻaʻole pili pono ka Lie bracket.
ʻO Abelian Lie hui: I ke geometry, he pūʻulu Lie abelian kahi hui Lie kahi hui abelian.
ʻO Abela polynomial: ʻO ka polynomial a ʻAbela i ka makemakika e hana i kahi kaʻina polynomial, ʻo ka n huaʻōlelo o kēia ʻano
Nā moʻolelo no Abelian lāua ʻo Tauberian: I ka makemakika, nā kumu mele ʻo Abelian a me Tauberian nā kumumanaʻo e hāʻawi ana i nā kūlana no ʻelua ʻano o ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana i nā moʻo ʻelua e hāʻawi i ka hopena like, i kapa ʻia ma hope o Niels Henrik Abel a me Alfred Tauber. ʻO nā laʻana kumu hoʻohālikelike a ke kumu mele a ʻAbela e hōʻike ana inā hoʻololi kekahi moʻo i kekahi palena a laila ua like ka nui o kā ʻAbela huina, a ʻo Tauber's theemem e hōʻike ana inā aia ke koʻo o ka ʻāpana o Abel a ua liʻiliʻi ka nui o nā koina a laila hoʻololi ka moʻo i ka Abel. huina. Hāʻawi nā manaʻo nui ʻo Abelian a me Tauberian i nā hopena like no nā kiʻina hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo laulā.
ʻAla ʻAbela: I ka makemakika, ʻo ia hoʻi i ka geometry algebraic, ka hoʻopili paʻakikī ʻana a me ke kumumanaʻo helu algebraic, kahi ʻano abelian kahi ʻano algebraic projective a he pūʻulu algebraic hoʻi, ʻo ia hoʻi, he kānāwai hui e hiki ke wehewehe ʻia e nā hana maʻamau. Aia nā ʻano Abelian i ka manawa like ma waena o nā mea i aʻo nui ʻia i ka geometry algebraic a me nā pono hana nui no ka noiʻi nui ʻana i nā kumuhana ʻē aʻe i ka geometry algebraic a me ke kumumanaʻo helu.
Algebra pili: I ka makemakika, he algebra pili ka hana algebraic me nā hana kūpono o ka hoʻohui, hoʻonui ʻana, a me ka hoʻonui scalar e nā mea i kekahi kahua. Hāʻawi pū ka hana hoʻohui a hoʻonui i kahi hanana o ke apo; Hāʻawi ka hoʻohui a me ka scalar multiplication hana i kahi hanana o kahi vector ma luna o K. Ma kēia ʻatikala e hoʻohana pū mākou i ka huaʻōlelo K -algebra e manaʻo i kahi algebra pili ma luna o ke kahua K. ʻO kahi laʻana mua maʻamau o kahi K -algebra he apo o nā moena huinahā ma luna o kahi kahua K , me ka hoʻonui pinepine ʻana o ka matris
Nā moʻolelo no Abelian lāua ʻo Tauberian: I ka makemakika, nā kumu mele ʻo Abelian a me Tauberian nā kumumanaʻo e hāʻawi ana i nā kūlana no ʻelua ʻano o ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana i nā moʻo ʻelua e hāʻawi i ka hopena like, i kapa ʻia ma hope o Niels Henrik Abel a me Alfred Tauber. ʻO nā laʻana kumu hoʻohālikelike a ke kumu mele a ʻAbela e hōʻike ana inā hoʻololi kekahi moʻo i kekahi palena a laila ua like ka nui o kā ʻAbela huina, a ʻo Tauber's theemem e hōʻike ana inā aia ke koʻo o ka ʻāpana o Abel a ua liʻiliʻi ka nui o nā koina a laila hoʻololi ka moʻo i ka Abel. huina. Hāʻawi nā manaʻo nui ʻo Abelian a me Tauberian i nā hopena like no nā kiʻina hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo laulā.
Nā moʻolelo no Abelian lāua ʻo Tauberian: I ka makemakika, nā kumu mele ʻo Abelian a me Tauberian nā kumumanaʻo e hāʻawi ana i nā kūlana no ʻelua ʻano o ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana i nā moʻo ʻelua e hāʻawi i ka hopena like, i kapa ʻia ma hope o Niels Henrik Abel a me Alfred Tauber. ʻO nā laʻana kumu hoʻohālikelike a ke kumu mele a ʻAbela e hōʻike ana inā hoʻololi kekahi moʻo i kekahi palena a laila ua like ka nui o kā ʻAbela huina, a ʻo Tauber's theemem e hōʻike ana inā aia ke koʻo o ka ʻāpana o Abel a ua liʻiliʻi ka nui o nā koina a laila hoʻololi ka moʻo i ka Abel. huina. Hāʻawi nā manaʻo nui ʻo Abelian a me Tauberian i nā hopena like no nā kiʻina hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo laulā.
Māhele ʻo ʻAmelian: I ka makemakika, he mahele abelian kahi mahele kahi e hiki ai ke hoʻohui ʻia nā morphism a me nā mea a kahi e loaʻa ai nā kernel a me nā cokernels a loaʻa nā waiwai i makemake ʻia. ʻO ka laʻana prototypical kumu hoʻohālikelike o ka mahele abelian ka mahele o nā hui abelian, Ab . Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ke kumumanaʻo i ka hoʻāʻo e hoʻohui i kekahi mau manaʻo cohomology na Alexander Grothendieck a kū kaʻawale i nā hana mua a David Buchsbaum. ʻO nā mahele ʻo Abelian he mau paʻa paʻa loa; ʻo kahi laʻana maʻamau lākou a māʻona lākou i ka lemma nahesa. Ua pani ʻia ka papa o nā ʻāpana abelian ma lalo o kekahi o nā kūkulu kūkulu, no ka laʻana, ka mahele o nā kaulahao kaulahao o ka mahele abelian, a i ʻole ka mahele o nā funcors mai kahi mahele liʻiliʻi a i kahi ʻāpana abelian he abelian pū kekahi. Hana ʻole kēia mau waiwai paʻa iā lākou i ka algebra homological a ma ʻō aku; he noi nui ko ke kumumanaʻo i ka geometry algebraic, cohomology a me ke kumumanaʻo maʻemaʻe maʻemaʻe. Kapa ʻia nā mahele ʻo Abelian ma hope o Niels Henrik ʻAbela.
Māhele ʻo ʻAmelian: I ka makemakika, he mahele abelian kahi mahele kahi e hiki ai ke hoʻohui ʻia nā morphism a me nā mea a kahi e loaʻa ai nā kernel a me nā cokernels a loaʻa nā waiwai i makemake ʻia. ʻO ka laʻana prototypical kumu hoʻohālikelike o ka mahele abelian ka mahele o nā hui abelian, Ab . Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ke kumumanaʻo i ka hoʻāʻo e hoʻohui i kekahi mau manaʻo cohomology na Alexander Grothendieck a kū kaʻawale i nā hana mua a David Buchsbaum. ʻO nā mahele ʻo Abelian he mau paʻa paʻa loa; ʻo kahi laʻana maʻamau lākou a māʻona lākou i ka lemma nahesa. Ua pani ʻia ka papa o nā ʻāpana abelian ma lalo o kekahi o nā kūkulu kūkulu, no ka laʻana, ka mahele o nā kaulahao kaulahao o ka mahele abelian, a i ʻole ka mahele o nā funcors mai kahi mahele liʻiliʻi a i kahi ʻāpana abelian he abelian pū kekahi. Hana ʻole kēia mau waiwai paʻa iā lākou i ka algebra homological a ma ʻō aku; he noi nui ko ke kumumanaʻo i ka geometry algebraic, cohomology a me ke kumumanaʻo maʻemaʻe maʻemaʻe. Kapa ʻia nā mahele ʻo Abelian ma hope o Niels Henrik ʻAbela.
Hana paʻakikī: I ka ʻepekema lolouila, ka hana paʻakikī o ke aho, kahi palena palena ʻole a palena ʻole hoʻi o nā huapalapala mai kekahi pīʻāpā, ʻo ia ka hana e helu ai i nā helu ʻokoʻa mai kēlā aho. ʻO ka mea maʻamau, ka hana paʻakikī o kahi ʻōlelo, kahi hoʻonohonoho o nā huaʻōlelo palena ma luna o kahi pīʻāpā, helu i nā helu o nā huaʻōlelo ʻokoʻa o ka lōʻihi i hāʻawi ʻia.
Pūʻulu uhi: I ka makemakika, he hui uhi o ka hui topological H kahi uhi G o H no ka mea ʻo G kahi hui topological a me ka palapala uhi uhi p : G → H kahi homomorphism hui mau. Kapa ʻia ka palapala ʻāina p ka homomorphism uhi . ʻO kahi hihia pinepine he pūʻulu uhi pālua , kahi uhi pāpālua topological kahi i loaʻa ai ka helu 2 iā H ma G ; ʻo nā laʻana me nā pūʻulu wili, nā hui pine, a me nā hui metaplectic.
ʻOkoʻa o ka ʻano mua: I ka makemakika, ka hoʻokaʻawale o ka ʻano mua kahi manawa kuʻuna i hoʻohana ʻia i loko o nā theories o Riemann surfaces a me nā algebraic curves, no nā wahi āpau - mau ʻano ʻokoʻa 1 mau ʻano. Hāʻawi ʻia i kahi manifold M paʻakikī, kahi ʻokoʻa o ke ʻano mua ω no laila mea like ia me kahi ʻano-1 ma nā wahi āpau a holomorphic; ma kahi ʻano algebraic V ʻo ka mea ʻole kū hoʻokahi kahi ʻāpana honua ia o ka pūʻā like Ω 1 o nā ʻano like ʻole o Kähler. I kēlā me kēia hihia ke kumu o ka wehewehe ʻana i ke kumumanaʻo o nā integral abelian.
Hoʻohui ʻia ʻo ʻAlapia: I ka algebra abstract, ʻo ka extension abelian kahi extension Galois nona ka hui Galois he abelian. Ke cyclic ka hui Galois, ua kapa ʻia ka hoʻolōʻihi he hoʻolōʻihi cyclic . Ke hele nei i kahi ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, kāhea ʻia kahi extension Galois inā hiki ke hoʻonā ʻia kāna hui Galois, ʻo ia hoʻi, inā hiki ke hoʻopau ʻia ka hui i kahi papa o nā hoʻolōʻihi maʻamau o kahi hui abelian.
Hoʻohui ʻia ʻo ʻAlapia: I ka algebra abstract, ʻo ka extension abelian kahi extension Galois nona ka hui Galois he abelian. Ke cyclic ka hui Galois, ua kapa ʻia ka hoʻolōʻihi he hoʻolōʻihi cyclic . Ke hele nei i kahi ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, kāhea ʻia kahi extension Galois inā hiki ke hoʻonā ʻia kāna hui Galois, ʻo ia hoʻi, inā hiki ke hoʻopau ʻia ka hui i kahi papa o nā hoʻolōʻihi maʻamau o kahi hui abelian.
ʻAla ʻAbela: I ka makemakika, ʻo ia hoʻi i ka geometry algebraic, ka hoʻopili paʻakikī ʻana a me ke kumumanaʻo helu algebraic, kahi ʻano abelian kahi ʻano algebraic projective a he pūʻulu algebraic hoʻi, ʻo ia hoʻi, he kānāwai hui e hiki ke wehewehe ʻia e nā hana maʻamau. Aia nā ʻano Abelian i ka manawa like ma waena o nā mea i aʻo nui ʻia i ka geometry algebraic a me nā pono hana nui no ka noiʻi nui ʻana i nā kumuhana ʻē aʻe i ka geometry algebraic a me ke kumumanaʻo helu.
Kumumanaʻo Gauge: I ke kālaikūlohea, ʻo ke kumumanaʻo moʻokūʻauhau kahi ʻano o ke kumumanaʻo kahua kahi i loli ʻole ai ka Lagrangian ma lalo o nā loli kūloko mai kekahi mau pūʻulu Lie.
ʻ jokelelo hoʻomākeʻaka makemakika: ʻO kahi hoʻomākeʻaka makemakika kahi ʻano hoʻomākeʻaka e hilinaʻi ana i nā ʻaoʻao o ka makemakika a i ʻole kahi stereotype o nā makemakika. No ka pun paha ka hoʻomākeʻaka, a mai ka manaʻo pālua paha o kahi huaʻōlelo makemakika, a i ʻole mai ke kuhi ʻole ʻana o ka mea lay i ka manaʻo makemakika. ʻO ka makemakika a me ka mea kākau ʻo John Allen Paulos i kāna puke Matematika a me Humor i wehewehe i kekahi mau ʻano i manaʻo ʻia ka makemakika, he hana maloʻo, a me nā hana hoʻomākeʻaka, he hana leʻaleʻa a me ka mahalo ʻole: ʻo nā ʻano ʻelua o ka "pāʻani ʻepekema"; loaʻa iā lāua ka "manaʻo kūlike, ka lauana, nā lula, ke ʻano"; a ʻelua he "economical and explicit".
Pūʻulu ʻo Abelian: I ka makemakika, he hui abelian , i kapa ʻia he hui commutative , kahi hui kahi e pili ʻole ai ka hopena o ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka hana o ka hui i ʻelua mau hui i ka hoʻonohonoho a lākou i kākau ai. ʻO ia, commutative ka hana pūʻulu. Me ka hoʻohui ma ke ʻano he hana, nā helu helu a me nā helu maoli e hana i nā hui abelian, a me ka manaʻo o kahi hui abelian e ʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he laulā o kēia mau laʻana. Ua kapa ʻia nā hui ʻo Abelian ma hope o ke kenekulia 19 ma mua o Niels Henrik Abel.
Pūʻulu ʻo Abelian: I ka makemakika, he hui abelian , i kapa ʻia he hui commutative , kahi hui kahi e pili ʻole ai ka hopena o ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka hana o ka hui i ʻelua mau hui i ka hoʻonohonoho a lākou i kākau ai. ʻO ia, commutative ka hana pūʻulu. Me ka hoʻohui ma ke ʻano he hana, nā helu helu a me nā helu maoli e hana i nā hui abelian, a me ka manaʻo o kahi hui abelian e ʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he laulā o kēia mau laʻana. Ua kapa ʻia nā hui ʻo Abelian ma hope o ke kenekulia 19 ma mua o Niels Henrik Abel.
Hoʻohui ʻole ʻo Abelian: I ka makemakika, he integral abelian , i kapa ʻia ma hope o ka makemakika Norewena Niels Henrik Abel, he mea hoʻohui i ka mokulele paʻakikī o ka palapala.
Hoʻopili i ka hana no ka cohomology equivariant: I ke ʻano geometry ʻokoʻa, ua ʻōlelo ka papa hana localization : no kahi ʻano kaulike kaulike equivariant ma ka orbifold M me kahi hana torus a no ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi i ka Lie algebra o ka torus T ,
Moʻo Divergent: I ka makemakika, ʻo ka divergent series kahi moʻo ʻole palena ʻole i hoʻohui ʻole ʻia, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻaʻole ka palena palena ʻole o ke kaʻina palena ʻole o nā ʻāpana hapa o ka moʻo.
Monoid: I ka algebra abstract, kahi lālā o ka makemakika, kahi monoid i hoʻonohonoho ʻia me kahi hana binary hui a me kahi ʻike.
Manaʻo kahua papa: I ka makemakika, ʻo ka papa kumumanaʻo papa ka lālā o ka helu kumumanaʻo algebraic e pili ana i ka hoʻonui ʻia o nā kahua helu abelian, nā māla honua o nā hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi, a me nā māla kūloko. Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ke kumumanaʻo i ka hōʻoia o ka pānaʻi quadratic na Gauss i ka hopena o ke kenekulia 18. Ua hoʻomohala ʻia kēia mau manaʻo i ke kenekulia e hiki mai ana, e ulu ana i kahi kuhi na Hilbert i hōʻike ʻia e Takagi lāua ʻo Artin. ʻO kēia mau kuhi a me kā lākou mau hōʻoia nā mea nui o ke kumumanaʻo papa papa.
Idempotent (kumumanaʻo apo): I ke komo lima o kumumanaʻo ka idempotent hehee ai, ai wale ka idempotent, o ke komolima mea he hehee ai ka ia i ka 2 = ka. ʻO ia, idempotent ka mea ma lalo o ka multiplication o ke apo. Inductively laila, hiki i kekahi ke hoʻoholo i ka a = a 2 = a 3 = a 4 = ... = a n no kekahi huina helu maikaʻi n . ʻO kahi laʻana, he mea idempotent o kahi apo matrix ʻoi loa kahi matrix idempotent.
ʻO model model sandpile ʻo Abelian: ʻO ke kele one Abela , a ʻike ʻia ʻo ke kuhi Bak – Tang – Wiesenfeld , ke kumu hoʻohālikelike mua loa o kahi ʻōnaehana dynamical e hōʻike ana i ka loiloi ponoʻī. Ua hoʻolauna ʻia e Per Bak, Chao Tang a me Kurt Wiesenfeld i kahi pepa 1987.
ʻO model model sandpile ʻo Abelian: ʻO ke kele one Abela , a ʻike ʻia ʻo ke kuhi Bak – Tang – Wiesenfeld , ke kumu hoʻohālikelike mua loa o kahi ʻōnaehana dynamical e hōʻike ana i ka loiloi ponoʻī. Ua hoʻolauna ʻia e Per Bak, Chao Tang a me Kurt Wiesenfeld i kahi pepa 1987.
ʻAla ʻAbela: I ka makemakika, ʻo ia hoʻi i ka geometry algebraic, ka hoʻopili paʻakikī ʻana a me ke kumumanaʻo helu algebraic, kahi ʻano abelian kahi ʻano algebraic projective a he pūʻulu algebraic hoʻi, ʻo ia hoʻi, he kānāwai hui e hiki ke wehewehe ʻia e nā hana maʻamau. Aia nā ʻano Abelian i ka manawa like ma waena o nā mea i aʻo nui ʻia i ka geometry algebraic a me nā pono hana nui no ka noiʻi nui ʻana i nā kumuhana ʻē aʻe i ka geometry algebraic a me ke kumumanaʻo helu.
Pūʻulu Pūnaewele: I ka makemakika, ʻo kahi semigroup kahi ʻano algebraic e pili ana i kahi hoʻonohonoho me kahi hana binary pili.
Pūʻā o nā modula: I ka makemakika, he pua ʻo O -modules a i ʻole he O -module ma luna o kahi i kani ʻia he pua F e like me ia, no kekahi ʻāpana wehe U o X , F ( U ) he O ( U ) -module a me nā palapala palena. F (U) → F (V) e hana maʻalahi i ke kapu ai maps o (U) → o (V): ka palena o fs o ke kapu o ka [illegible] manawa i ka mau no i kekahi [illegible] ma o (U) a mau i loko o F ( U ).
Pūʻulu ʻo Abelian: I ka makemakika, he hui abelian , i kapa ʻia he hui commutative , kahi hui kahi e pili ʻole ai ka hopena o ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka hana o ka hui i ʻelua mau hui i ka hoʻonohonoho a lākou i kākau ai. ʻO ia, commutative ka hana pūʻulu. Me ka hoʻohui ma ke ʻano he hana, nā helu helu a me nā helu maoli e hana i nā hui abelian, a me ka manaʻo o kahi hui abelian e ʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he laulā o kēia mau laʻana. Ua kapa ʻia nā hui ʻo Abelian ma hope o ke kenekulia 19 ma mua o Niels Henrik Abel.
ʻO kā Abela haʻi'ōlelo: I ka makemakika, pili ka manaʻo a Abel no ka moʻo o ka mana i ka palena o ke kaʻina mana i ka huina o kāna mau coefficients. Ua kapa ʻia ia ma muli o ka makemakika Norewena Niels Henrik Abel.