Leucocyanidin, Amifampridine, 1,2-Dichloro-4-nitrobenzene

Leucocyanidin: ʻO Leucocyanidin kahi hui kemika ʻole ʻole i lālā o ka papa o nā huahana kūlohelohe i kapa ʻia ʻo leucoanthocyanidins.
Amifampridine: Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Amifampridine ma ke ʻano he lāʻau, ka mea nui i ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi maʻi ʻeha loa. Ua hoʻohana ʻia ke ʻano kumu manuahi o ka lāʻau e mālama i nā syndrome myasthenic congenital a me Lambert – Eaton myasthenic Syndrome (LEMS) ma o nā papahana hoʻohana aloha mai nā makahiki 1990 a ua paipai ʻia ma ke ʻano he laina mua no LEMS i ka makahiki 2006, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano ad hoc o ka lāʻau, ʻoiai ʻaʻohe ʻano mākeke.
1,2-Dichloro-4-nitrobenzene: 1,2-Dichloro-4-nitrobenzene kahi hui pū me ke ʻano 1,2-Cl 2 C 6 H 3 -4-NO 2 . Pili kēia paʻa melemele mae i 1,2-dichlorobenzene e ka hoʻololi o hoʻokahi H atoma me kahi hui hana nitro. ʻO kēia hui pū waena ma ka synthesive o agrochemicals.
Hydroxytyrosol: ʻO ka Hydroxytyrosol kahi phenylethanoid, kahi ʻano o ka phenolic phytochemical phenolic me nā waiwai antioxidant i vitro. I ke kūlohelohe, loaʻa ka hydroxytyrosol i ka lau ʻoliva a me ka aila ʻoliva, ma ke ʻano o kona elenolic acid ester oleuropein a, keu hoʻi ma hope o ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa, i kona ʻano maʻamau.
Dimethoxyamphetamine: ʻO Dimethoxyamphetamine ( DMA ) kahi ʻano o nā lāʻau psychedelic ʻeono i ʻike liʻiliʻi ʻia e like me ke ʻano o nā ʻekolu isomers o ka methoxyamphetamine a me ʻeono isomers o trimethoxyamphetamine. ʻO 2,3-DMA, 2,4-DMA, 2,5-DMA, 2,6-DMA, 3,4-DMA, a me 3,5-DMA nā isomer. ʻEkolu o nā isomer i ʻike ʻia e Alexander Shulgin i kāna puke PiHKAL . ʻAʻole ʻike iki ʻia e pili ana i kā lākou pilikia a i ʻole ka ʻawahia.
3,4-Dimethylmethcathinone: ʻO 3,4-Dimethylmethcathinone ( 3,4-DMMC ) kahi lāʻau hoʻouluulu i hōʻike mua ʻia ma ka makahiki 2010 ma ke ʻano he analogue lāʻau hoʻohālike o ka mephedrone, i hana ʻia e like me ka pane ʻana i ka pāpā ʻana o ka mephedrone, ma hope o ka hoʻomāinoino ʻia i nā ʻāina he nui ma ʻEulopa a puni ka honua Ua hopu ʻia ʻo 3,4-DMMC ma ke ʻano he lāʻau hoʻolālā hoʻolālā ma Australia. I ka vitro , ua hōʻike ʻia he 3,4-DMMC he substrate transporter monoamine e kāohi kūpono i ka norepinephrine a me ka lawe hou ʻana o ka serotonin, a i kahi liʻiliʻi o ka lawe hou ʻana o ka dopamine.
3,4-Dehydroadipyl-CoA dialdrogenase semialdehyde (NADP +): 3,4-Dehydroadipyl-CoA semialdehyde dehydrogenase (NADP + ) (EC 1.2.1.77 , BoxD , 3,4-dehydroadipyl-CoA semialdehyde dehydrogenase ) kahi enzyme me ka inoa ʻōnaehana 3,4-didehydroadipyl-CoA semialdehyde: NADP + oxidoreductase . Hoʻopili kēia enzyme i ka hopena kemika i lalo 3,4-didehydroadipyl-CoA semialdehyde + NADP + + H2O 3,4-didehydroadipyl-CoA + NADPH + H +
Amifampridine: Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Amifampridine ma ke ʻano he lāʻau, ka mea nui i ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi maʻi ʻeha loa. Ua hoʻohana ʻia ke ʻano kumu manuahi o ka lāʻau e mālama i nā syndrome myasthenic congenital a me Lambert – Eaton myasthenic Syndrome (LEMS) ma o nā papahana hoʻohana aloha mai nā makahiki 1990 a ua paipai ʻia ma ke ʻano he laina mua no LEMS i ka makahiki 2006, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano ad hoc o ka lāʻau, ʻoiai ʻaʻohe ʻano mākeke.
3,4-Dichloroamphetamine: 3,4-Dichloroamphetamine ( DCA ), he lāʻau i loaʻa i ka amphetamine i haku ʻia e Eli Lilly i nā makahiki 1960, nona ka nui o nā hana lāʻau. Hana ia e like me kahi serotonin hoʻokuʻu mana nui (SSRA) a hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka transporter serotonin me ka pilina kiʻekiʻe, akā hana pū kekahi me he neurotoxin serotonergic wae ʻia i kahi ʻano like me ka para-chloroamphetamine pili, ʻoiai me ka ikaika haʻahaʻa iki. He monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) kekahi, a me kahi mea kāohi ikaika loa o ka enzyme phenylethanolamine N-methyl transferase e hana maʻamau e hoʻololi i ka noradrenaline i adrenaline i ke kino.
3,4-Dichloromethylphenidate: ʻO 3,4-Dichloromethylphenidate kahi lāʻau stimulant e pili ana i ka methylphenidate. ʻO Dichloromethylphenidate kahi psychostimulant ikaika e hana ma ke ʻano he inhibitor reoptake dopamine a me norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, ʻo ia hoʻi ka mea e hoʻonui pono i nā kiʻekiʻe o nā norepinephrine a me nā neurotransmittopope dopamine i ka lolo, ma ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana, a me ka ālai hapa ʻana i nā proteins transporter e lawe maʻamau i kēlā mau monoamines mai ka mahele synaptic.
3,4-Dichlorophenyl isocyanate: ʻO 3,4-Dichlorophenyl isocyanate kahi hui kemika i hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he kemika waena a me ka synthes synthetic. He paʻa ia, a mai ke keʻokeʻo a i ka melemele. He mea hoʻonāukiuki ia no nā pūnaewele me nā maka a me nā membrane mucous, a ʻo ka inhalation o ka lepo mai ka kemikona he mea make. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻenehana i ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana o triclocarban e ka hopena me p -chloroaniline .
3,4-Dichlorophenyl isocyanate: ʻO 3,4-Dichlorophenyl isocyanate kahi hui kemika i hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he kemika waena a me ka synthes synthetic. He paʻa ia, a mai ke keʻokeʻo a i ka melemele. He mea hoʻonāukiuki ia no nā pūnaewele me nā maka a me nā membrane mucous, a ʻo ka inhalation o ka lepo mai ka kemikona he mea make. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻenehana i ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana o triclocarban e ka hopena me p -chloroaniline .
3,4-Dichlorophenyl isocyanate: ʻO 3,4-Dichlorophenyl isocyanate kahi hui kemika i hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he kemika waena a me ka synthes synthetic. He paʻa ia, a mai ke keʻokeʻo a i ka melemele. He mea hoʻonāukiuki ia no nā pūnaewele me nā maka a me nā membrane mucous, a ʻo ka inhalation o ka lepo mai ka kemikona he mea make. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻenehana i ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana o triclocarban e ka hopena me p -chloroaniline .
3,4-Dichlorophenyl isocyanate: ʻO 3,4-Dichlorophenyl isocyanate kahi hui kemika i hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he kemika waena a me ka synthes synthetic. He paʻa ia, a mai ke keʻokeʻo a i ka melemele. He mea hoʻonāukiuki ia no nā pūnaewele me nā maka a me nā membrane mucous, a ʻo ka inhalation o ka lepo mai ka kemikona he mea make. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻenehana i ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana o triclocarban e ka hopena me p -chloroaniline .
3,4-Dihydropyran: 3,4-Dihydropyran (DHP) kahi hui heterocyclic me ke ʻano C 5 H 8 O. ʻO ke apo C 5 O ʻelima mau lālā i loaʻa ka unsaturation e pili ana i ka oxygen. ʻO ka isomeric 3,6-dihydropyran he methylene e hoʻokaʻawale ana i ka hoʻopaʻa pālua a me ka oxygen. Hoʻohana ʻia ka DHP no ka pale ʻana i ka hui no nā ʻalekohola. He wai kala ʻole ia.
ʻAkika Caffeic: ʻO ka waikawa Caffeic kahi hui kūmole i hoʻonohonoho ʻia ma ke ʻano he hydroxycinnamic acid. Aia kēia melemele paʻa i nā hui phenolic a me acrylic. Loaʻa ia i nā mea kanu āpau no ka mea he kikowaena waena ia i ka biosynthesis o lignin, kekahi o nā mea nui o ka lāʻau biomass mea kanu a me nā koena.
Alpha-Methyldopamine: α-Methyldopamine ( α-Me-DA ), i ʻike ʻia he 3,4-dihydroxyamphetamine , kahi kemika noiʻi o ka catecholamine a me nā papa kemikala amphetamine. ʻO kāna metabolite bis-glutathionyl he neurotoxic iki ke hoʻopili pono ʻia i loko o ka ventricle o ka lolo.
Protocatechuic aldehyde: ʻO Protocatechuic aldehyde kahi phenolic aldehyde, kahi hui i hoʻokuʻu ʻia mai nā pani cork i ka waina.
ʻO Protocatechuic acid: ʻO ka Protocatechuic acid ( PCA ) kahi dihydroxybenzoic acid, kahi ʻano o ka phenolic acid. He metabolite nui ia o nā polyphenols antioxidant i loaʻa i ka tī ʻōmaʻomaʻo. Loaʻa nā hopena i hoʻopili ʻia i nā hunaola maʻamau a me nā maʻi ʻaʻai ma in vitro a me nā noiʻi vivo .
Protocatechuic aldehyde: ʻO Protocatechuic aldehyde kahi phenolic aldehyde, kahi hui i hoʻokuʻu ʻia mai nā pani cork i ka waina.
Kahe aldehyde: ʻO Caffeic aldehyde kahi aldehyde phenolic i loko o nā ʻanoʻano o Phytolacca americana .
ʻAkika Caffeic: ʻO ka waikawa Caffeic kahi hui kūmole i hoʻonohonoho ʻia ma ke ʻano he hydroxycinnamic acid. Aia kēia melemele paʻa i nā hui phenolic a me acrylic. Loaʻa ia i nā mea kanu āpau no ka mea he kikowaena waena ia i ka biosynthesis o lignin, kekahi o nā mea nui o ka lāʻau biomass mea kanu a me nā koena.
Homoisoflavonoid: ʻO Homoisoflavonoids (3-benzylidenechroman-4-ones) kekahi ʻano o nā pūhui phenolic e kū maoli i nā mea kanu.
3,4-Dihydroxymandelic acid: 3,4-Dihydroxymandelic acid kahi metabolite o ka norepinephrine.
ʻAkika Rosmarinic: ʻO Rosmarinic acid kahi hui kemika i loaʻa i nā mea kanu like ʻole. Ua ʻike ʻia e hōʻike i ka hopena photoprotective e kūʻē i ka ultraviolet C (UVC) pōʻino ke nānā ʻia i ka vitro .
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde: 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde ( DOPAL ) kahi metabolite nui o ka nui neurotransmitter dopamine. Hele nā ​​metabolism enzymatic āpau o ka dopamine i nā neurons ma o DOPAL. Wahi a ka "kuhiakau catecholaldehyde," he kuleana ko DOPAL i ka hopena o ka maʻi o Parkinson. Ua hana kemika ʻia ʻo DOPAL. Hoʻomaʻemaʻe nui ʻia ʻo DOPAL e aldehyde dehydrogenase.
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic acid: 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic acid ( DOPAC ) kahi metabolite o ka neurotransmitter dopamine. Hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia ka Dopamine i hoʻokahi o nā mea ʻekolu. ʻO DOPAC kekahi o ia ʻano waiwai. ʻO kekahi he 3-methoxytyramine (3-MT). Hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia kēia mau mea ʻelua e hana i ka waikawa homovanillic (HVA). Pili nā hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻelua i nā ʻenemona monoamine oxidase (MAO) a me catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT), ʻoiai ma ke kaʻina huli hope: MAO catalyzed dopamine i DOPAC, a me COMT catalyzed DOPAC iā HVA; ʻoiai ʻo COMT catalyzed dopamine i 3-MT a me MAO catalyze 3-MT i ka HVA. ʻO ke kolu o ka hopena-metabolic hopena o ka dopamine norepinephrine (noradrenaline).
3,4-Dihydroxystyrene: 3,4-Dihydroxystyrene ( DHS ) kahi mea hana i waena o ka enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase (PH). ʻAʻohe paha nā DHS a me nā mea hoʻopaʻa PH ʻē aʻe i nā noi olakino ma muli o kā lākou hiki no ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka hyperphenylalaninemia a me ka phenylketonuria.
4-Methylcatechol: 4-Methylcatechol kahi hui kemika . He mahele o ka castoreum, ka exudate mai nā ʻeke castor o ka beaver makua.
Metaescaline: ʻO Metaescaline ( 3,4-dimethoxy-5-ethoxyphenethylamine ) kahi lāʻau psychedelic liʻiliʻi i ʻike ʻia. He analog ia o ka mescaline. Ua hana mua ʻia ʻo Metaescaline e Alexander Shulgin. I kāna puke PiHKAL , helu ʻia ka laulā o ke ana ma ke ʻano he 200-350 mg, a ʻo ka lōʻihi i helu ʻia ma nā hola 8-12. Hana ka Metaescaline i nā ʻike noʻonoʻo, entactogenic, MDMA e like me nā hopena, a me TOMSO e like me ka hoʻoulu ʻana. Aia kahi ʻikepili liʻiliʻi e pili ana i nā lāʻau pharmacological, metabolism, a me nā mea ʻino o nā metaescaline, ʻoiai ua aʻo ʻia i kahi palena palena ʻia i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana me nā pūhui e pili ana.
ʻO Veratraldehyde: ʻO Veratraldehyde ( 3,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde ) kahi hui kūlohelohe e hoʻohana ākea ʻia e like me kahi mea ʻala a ʻala. Pili ka pilina i ka benzaldehyde.
3,4-Dimethoxycinnamic acid: ʻO ka 3,4-Dimethoxycinnamic acid kahi hua kai acid cinivic i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia mai nā pīpī kope.
Nudol: ʻO Nudol kahi phenanthrenoid o nā orchids Eulophia nuda , Eria carinata , Eria stricta a me Maxillaria densa .
3,4-Dimethoxyphenethylamine: 3,4-Dimethoxyphenethylamine ( DMPEA ) kahi hui kemika o ka papa phenethylamine. He analogue ia o ka dopamine neurotransmitter kanaka nui kahi i pani ʻia nā hui hydroxy 3- a me 4 mau kūlana me nā hui methoxy. Pili loa ia i ka mescaline ʻo 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenethylamine.
3,4-Dimethoxystyrene: 3,4-Dimethoxystyrene ( vinylveratrole ) kahi hui ʻokanika ʻaʻala . ʻO kahi wai aila melemele me ka ʻala pua ʻoluʻolu. ʻO ka maʻamau, hoʻolako ʻia ia me 1-2% o ka hydroquinone ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻohui e pale aku ai i ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi o ka hui.
Xylopropamine: ʻO Xylopropamine , ʻo 3,4-dimethylamphetamine , kahi lāʻau stimulant o nā phenethylamine a me nā amphetamine papa i hoʻomohala ʻia a kūʻai ʻia ma ke ʻano he suppressant makemake i nā makahiki 1950.
3,4-Dimethylmethcathinone: ʻO 3,4-Dimethylmethcathinone ( 3,4-DMMC ) kahi lāʻau hoʻouluulu i hōʻike mua ʻia ma ka makahiki 2010 ma ke ʻano he analogue lāʻau hoʻohālike o ka mephedrone, i hana ʻia e like me ka pane ʻana i ka pāpā ʻana o ka mephedrone, ma hope o ka hoʻomāinoino ʻia i nā ʻāina he nui ma ʻEulopa a puni ka honua Ua hopu ʻia ʻo 3,4-DMMC ma ke ʻano he lāʻau hoʻolālā hoʻolālā ma Australia. I ka vitro , ua hōʻike ʻia he 3,4-DMMC he substrate transporter monoamine e kāohi kūpono i ka norepinephrine a me ka lawe hou ʻana o ka serotonin, a i kahi liʻiliʻi o ka lawe hou ʻana o ka dopamine.
3,4-Divanillyltetrahydrofuran: 3,4-Divanillyltetrahydrofuran kahi lignan i loaʻa i kahi Urtica dioica subspecies. Hiki ke loaʻa kēia hui like i loko o nā kumuwaiwai ulu lignan e like me Linum usitatissimum .
EDMA: 3,4-Ethylenedioxy- N -methylamphetamine ( EDMA ) kahi lāʻau entactogen o ka papa methamphetamine. ʻO ia kahi analogue o MDMA kahi i hoʻololi ʻia ai ke apo methylenedioxy e kahi apo ehellenedioxy. Ua hana mua ʻia ʻo EDMA e Alexander Shulgin. I loko o kāna puke PiHKAL , helu ʻia ke ana ma ke ʻano he 150-250 mg, a ʻo ka lōʻihi e like me 3-5 mau hola. Wahi a Shulgin, hoʻopuka ʻo EDMA i kahi paepae kūlohelohe e pili ana i nā paresthesia, nystagmus, a me nā kiʻi hypnogogic, me nā mea ʻē aʻe i nā hopena ʻē aʻe. Ua hōʻike ʻia kahi noiʻi ʻepekema e hana nei ʻo EDMA ma ke ʻano he serotonin non-neurotoxic hoʻokuʻu hoʻokuʻu aku me ka hoʻemi haʻahaʻa i ka mana e pili ana iā MDMA, a me nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole ma ka hoʻokuʻu dopamine.
3,4-Epoxycyclohexanecarboxylate methyl ester: 3,4-Epoxycyclohexanecarboxylate methyl ester he cycloaliphatic epoxide, i hoʻohui ʻia ma ke ʻano monomerator monomalent i nā monomers ʻē aʻe no ka hana ʻana i nā resins epoxy crosslinked. ʻO ka 3,4-Epoxycyclohexanecarboxylate methyl ester ponoʻī e hāʻawi i kahi polymer linear ke homopolymerized.
3,4-Epoxycyclohexylmethyl-3 ', 4'-epoxycyclohexane carboxylate: 3,4-Epoxycyclohexylmethyl-3 ', 4'-epoxycyclohexane carboxylate ( ECC ) kahi cycloaliphatic epoxy resin i hoʻohana ʻia i nā ʻoihana ʻoihana he nui. Hana ia e ka cationic polymerization e hoʻohana ana i nā thermolatent photoinitiators e hana i nā thermosets insoluble i hoʻopili ʻia. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā formulated ma cycloaliphatic epoxy resins e like me ECC e hana ʻia e ka hoʻōla ʻana i nā thermosets me ka wela nui a me ke kūpaʻa kemika a me ka hoʻopili maikaʻi.
3,4-Epoxycyclohexylmethyl-3 ', 4'-epoxycyclohexane carboxylate: 3,4-Epoxycyclohexylmethyl-3 ', 4'-epoxycyclohexane carboxylate ( ECC ) kahi cycloaliphatic epoxy resin i hoʻohana ʻia i nā ʻoihana ʻoihana he nui. Hana ia e ka cationic polymerization e hoʻohana ana i nā thermolatent photoinitiators e hana i nā thermosets insoluble i hoʻopili ʻia. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā formulated ma cycloaliphatic epoxy resins e like me ECC e hana ʻia e ka hoʻōla ʻana i nā thermosets me ka wela nui a me ke kūpaʻa kemika a me ka hoʻopili maikaʻi.
EDMA: 3,4-Ethylenedioxy- N -methylamphetamine ( EDMA ) kahi lāʻau entactogen o ka papa methamphetamine. ʻO ia kahi analogue o MDMA kahi i hoʻololi ʻia ai ke apo methylenedioxy e kahi apo ehellenedioxy. Ua hana mua ʻia ʻo EDMA e Alexander Shulgin. I loko o kāna puke PiHKAL , helu ʻia ke ana ma ke ʻano he 150-250 mg, a ʻo ka lōʻihi e like me 3-5 mau hola. Wahi a Shulgin, hoʻopuka ʻo EDMA i kahi paepae kūlohelohe e pili ana i nā paresthesia, nystagmus, a me nā kiʻi hypnogogic, me nā mea ʻē aʻe i nā hopena ʻē aʻe. Ua hōʻike ʻia kahi noiʻi ʻepekema e hana nei ʻo EDMA ma ke ʻano he serotonin non-neurotoxic hoʻokuʻu hoʻokuʻu aku me ka hoʻemi haʻahaʻa i ka mana e pili ana iā MDMA, a me nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole ma ka hoʻokuʻu dopamine.
EDMA: 3,4-Ethylenedioxy- N -methylamphetamine ( EDMA ) kahi lāʻau entactogen o ka papa methamphetamine. ʻO ia kahi analogue o MDMA kahi i hoʻololi ʻia ai ke apo methylenedioxy e kahi apo ehellenedioxy. Ua hana mua ʻia ʻo EDMA e Alexander Shulgin. I loko o kāna puke PiHKAL , helu ʻia ke ana ma ke ʻano he 150-250 mg, a ʻo ka lōʻihi e like me 3-5 mau hola. Wahi a Shulgin, hoʻopuka ʻo EDMA i kahi paepae kūlohelohe e pili ana i nā paresthesia, nystagmus, a me nā kiʻi hypnogogic, me nā mea ʻē aʻe i nā hopena ʻē aʻe. Ua hōʻike ʻia kahi noiʻi ʻepekema e hana nei ʻo EDMA ma ke ʻano he serotonin non-neurotoxic hoʻokuʻu hoʻokuʻu aku me ka hoʻemi haʻahaʻa i ka mana e pili ana iā MDMA, a me nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole ma ka hoʻokuʻu dopamine.
EDMA: 3,4-Ethylenedioxy- N -methylamphetamine ( EDMA ) kahi lāʻau entactogen o ka papa methamphetamine. ʻO ia kahi analogue o MDMA kahi i hoʻololi ʻia ai ke apo methylenedioxy e kahi apo ehellenedioxy. Ua hana mua ʻia ʻo EDMA e Alexander Shulgin. I loko o kāna puke PiHKAL , helu ʻia ke ana ma ke ʻano he 150-250 mg, a ʻo ka lōʻihi e like me 3-5 mau hola. Wahi a Shulgin, hoʻopuka ʻo EDMA i kahi paepae kūlohelohe e pili ana i nā paresthesia, nystagmus, a me nā kiʻi hypnogogic, me nā mea ʻē aʻe i nā hopena ʻē aʻe. Ua hōʻike ʻia kahi noiʻi ʻepekema e hana nei ʻo EDMA ma ke ʻano he serotonin non-neurotoxic hoʻokuʻu hoʻokuʻu aku me ka hoʻemi haʻahaʻa i ka mana e pili ana iā MDMA, a me nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole ma ka hoʻokuʻu dopamine.
EDMA: 3,4-Ethylenedioxy- N -methylamphetamine ( EDMA ) kahi lāʻau entactogen o ka papa methamphetamine. ʻO ia kahi analogue o MDMA kahi i hoʻololi ʻia ai ke apo methylenedioxy e kahi apo ehellenedioxy. Ua hana mua ʻia ʻo EDMA e Alexander Shulgin. I loko o kāna puke PiHKAL , helu ʻia ke ana ma ke ʻano he 150-250 mg, a ʻo ka lōʻihi e like me 3-5 mau hola. Wahi a Shulgin, hoʻopuka ʻo EDMA i kahi paepae kūlohelohe e pili ana i nā paresthesia, nystagmus, a me nā kiʻi hypnogogic, me nā mea ʻē aʻe i nā hopena ʻē aʻe. Ua hōʻike ʻia kahi noiʻi ʻepekema e hana nei ʻo EDMA ma ke ʻano he serotonin non-neurotoxic hoʻokuʻu hoʻokuʻu aku me ka hoʻemi haʻahaʻa i ka mana e pili ana iā MDMA, a me nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole ma ka hoʻokuʻu dopamine.
3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene: ʻO 3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) ka hui organosulfur me ka mana C 2 H 4 O 2 C 4 H 2 S. Aia ka mole i ka thiophene, i pani ʻia ma nā kūlana 3 a me 4 me kahi ʻāpana ethylene glycolyl. He wai viscous kala ʻole ia.
3,4-Ethylidenedioxyamphetamine: ʻO 3,4-Ethylidenedioxyamphetamine ( EIDA ) kahi hua i loaʻa ʻia o 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), i hoʻomohala ʻia e David Nichols a me nā hoa hana, i ke kaʻina o ka noiʻi e hoʻoholo i ka hoʻomanawanui nui a puni ka mahele benzodioxole o ka mola mola. Ua loaʻa ʻo EIDA e hana i nā hopena like i ka MDA i nā holoholona akā me ka liʻiliʻi o ka hapalua o ka ikaika, ʻoiai ʻo ka isopropylidenedioxy derivative i pani ʻole no MDA a ma kahi o nā hopena sedative a me convulsant. Hōʻike kēia i ka hoʻomanawanui nui palena ʻole ʻana i kēia kūlana a kūpono i ka hana o EIDA e noho nui ʻia i hoʻokahi enantiomer, ʻoiai ʻo ka hui pūhui wale nō i aʻo ʻia i kēia manawa.
3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine: 3,4-Methylene Dioxy Amphetamine ( MDA ), ʻike pinepine ʻia ma ke ʻano he sass , kahi lāʻau emphogen-entactogen, psychostimulant, a me ka lāʻau psychedelic o ka ʻohana amphetamine i kū nui ʻia ma ke ʻano he lāʻau leʻaleʻa. E pili ana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, hana nui ka MDA ma ke ʻano he hoʻokuʻu hoʻokuʻu serotonin-norepinephrine-dopamine (SNDRA). I ka hapanui o nā ʻāina, he lāʻau hoʻomalu ka lāʻau lapaʻau a he kū kānāwai ke kuleana a me ke kūʻai aku.
MDMA: 3,4-Methyl Enedioxy ʻO ka methamphetamine ( MDMA ), ʻike ʻia he ecstasy ( E ) a i ʻole molly , kahi lāʻau psychoactive i hoʻohana mua ʻia no nā hana leʻaleʻa. ʻO nā hopena i makemake ʻia e komo pū me nā sensation i hoʻololi ʻia, hoʻonui i ka ikehu, empati, a me ka leʻaleʻa. Ke lawe ʻia e ka waha, hoʻomaka nā hopena ma 30 a 45 mau minuke a hala 3 a 6 mau hola.
MDMA: 3,4-Methyl Enedioxy ʻO ka methamphetamine ( MDMA ), ʻike ʻia he ecstasy ( E ) a i ʻole molly , kahi lāʻau psychoactive i hoʻohana mua ʻia no nā hana leʻaleʻa. ʻO nā hopena i makemake ʻia e komo pū me nā sensation i hoʻololi ʻia, hoʻonui i ka ikehu, empati, a me ka leʻaleʻa. Ke lawe ʻia e ka waha, hoʻomaka nā hopena ma 30 a 45 mau minuke a hala 3 a 6 mau hola.
3,4-Methylenedioxy-N-ethylamphetamine: 3,4-Methylenedioxy- N -ethylamphetamine kahi lāʻau psychhoactive empathogenic. ʻO MDEA kahi amphetamine pani a me kahi methylenedioxyphenethylamine pani. Hana ʻo MDEA ma ke ʻano he serotonin, norepinephrine, a me ka mea hoʻopuka hoʻokuʻu dopamine a me ka mea hōʻoki hou.
Methylenedioxybenzylpiperazine: 1- (3,4-Methylenedioxybenzyl) piperazine kahi hui kemika o ka papa hana kemika piperazine e pili ana i ka benzylpiperazine (BZP). Ua kūʻai ʻia aku ʻo MDBZP ma ke ʻano he lāʻau hoʻolālā a ua ʻike ʻia hoʻi ma ke ʻano he mea hana i nā kaila Ecstasy alanui.
Methylenedioxyhydroxyethylamphetamine: ʻO MDHOET , a i ʻole 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-hydroxyethylamphetamine, kahi lāʻau psychedelic liʻiliʻi i ʻike ʻia a me kahi amphetamine pani. ʻO ia nō ka N-hydroxyethyl analogue o MDA. Ua hana mua ʻia ʻo MDHOET e Alexander Shulgin. I loko o kāna puke PiHKAL , helu ʻia ka mea palena iki e like me 50 mg. Hoʻokumu ʻo MDHOET i mau mea i nā hopena ʻole. Aia ka ʻikepili liʻiliʻi e pili ana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, nā lāʻau lapaʻau, nā hopena, a me nā mea ʻona o MDHOET.
2-Methyl-MDA: ʻO 2-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine ( 2-methyl-MDA ) kahi entactogen a me ka lāʻau psychedelic o ka papa amphetamine. Hana ia ma ke ʻano he serotonin mea hoʻokuʻu hoʻokuʻu (SSRA), me nā waiwai IC 50 o 93nM, 12,000nM, a me 1,937nM no ka serotonin, dopamine, a me nā effefox norepinephrine. ʻOi aku ka ikaika o 2-Methyl-MDA ma mua o MDA a me 5-methyl-MDA. Eia naʻe, ʻoi aku ke koho iki no ka serotonin ma luna o ka dopamine a me ka norepinephrine hoʻokuʻu i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana me 5-methyl-MDA.
Methylenedioxydimethylamphetamine: 3,4-Methylenedioxy- N , N -dimethylamphetamine ( MDDM ) kahi lāʻau psychedelic liʻiliʻi i ʻike ʻia. ʻO ia hoʻi ka N , N -dimethyl analog o 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA). Ua hana mua ʻia ʻo MDDM e Alexander Shulgin. I loko o kāna puke PiHKAL , ʻaʻole hōʻike ʻia nā ana a me ka lōʻihi e ʻike ʻole ʻia. Hoʻopuka wale ʻo MDDM i nā hopena akahai i hōʻike ʻole maikaʻi ʻia ma PiHKAL . Aia nā ʻikepili liʻiliʻi loa e pili ana i nā waiwai lāʻau, metabolism, a me nā mea ʻino o MDDM. Ua hui ʻia kēia hui i kekahi manawa ma ke ʻano he haumia i 3,4-methylenedioxy- N -methylamphetamine (MDMA) i synthesize ʻia e ka methylation o MDA me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā methylating reagents e like me methyl iodide. ʻO kahi keu o ka reagent a i ʻole kahi pāmahana hopena he kiʻekiʻe loa nā hopena i kekahi methylation papalua o ka amine nitrogen, e hāʻawi ana iā MDDM a me MDMA hoʻi. ʻO ke kū ʻana o MDDM ma ke ʻano he haumia e hiki ai ke hōʻike i ke ala synthetic i hoʻohana ʻia e hana i nā laʻana o MDMA.
Methylenedioxyhydroxyethylamphetamine: ʻO MDHOET , a i ʻole 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-hydroxyethylamphetamine, kahi lāʻau psychedelic liʻiliʻi i ʻike ʻia a me kahi amphetamine pani. ʻO ia nō ka N-hydroxyethyl analogue o MDA. Ua hana mua ʻia ʻo MDHOET e Alexander Shulgin. I loko o kāna puke PiHKAL , helu ʻia ka mea palena iki e like me 50 mg. Hoʻokumu ʻo MDHOET i mau mea i nā hopena ʻole. Aia ka ʻikepili liʻiliʻi e pili ana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, nā lāʻau lapaʻau, nā hopena, a me nā mea ʻona o MDHOET.
MDMA: 3,4-Methyl Enedioxy ʻO ka methamphetamine ( MDMA ), ʻike ʻia he ecstasy ( E ) a i ʻole molly , kahi lāʻau psychoactive i hoʻohana mua ʻia no nā hana leʻaleʻa. ʻO nā hopena i makemake ʻia e komo pū me nā sensation i hoʻololi ʻia, hoʻonui i ka ikehu, empati, a me ka leʻaleʻa. Ke lawe ʻia e ka waha, hoʻomaka nā hopena ma 30 a 45 mau minuke a hala 3 a 6 mau hola.
3,4-Methylenedioxy-N-ethylamphetamine: 3,4-Methylenedioxy- N -ethylamphetamine kahi lāʻau psychhoactive empathogenic. ʻO MDEA kahi amphetamine pani a me kahi methylenedioxyphenethylamine pani. Hana ʻo MDEA ma ke ʻano he serotonin, norepinephrine, a me ka mea hoʻopuka hoʻokuʻu dopamine a me ka mea hōʻoki hou.
ʻO Ethylone: ʻO Ethylone , ʻike ʻia ʻo 3,4-methylenedioxy- N -ethylcathinone , kahi lāʻau hoʻolālā hoʻolālā hoʻoliʻiliʻi i hoʻonohonoho ʻia ma ke ʻano he entactogen, stimulant, a me psychedelic o nā phenethylamine, amphetamine, a me nā papa kemikala cathinone. ʻO ia ka analog-keto analogue o MDEA ("Eve"). He moʻolelo pōkole wale kā Ethylone o ka hoʻohana a ke kanaka a hōʻike ʻia ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o kāna methylone pili. Ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ua hoʻomaka ʻia e loaʻa i nā huahana cathinone i ka hopena o 2011.
3,4-Methylenedioxy-N-hydroxy-N-methylamphetamine: 3,4-Methylenedioxy- N -hydroxy- N -methylamphetamine he entactogen, psychedelic, a me stimulant o ka phenethylamine a me nā amphetamine kemika papa. ʻO ia ka homologue N -hydroxy o MDMA ("Ecstasy"), a me ka homologue N -methyl o MDOH. Ua hana mua ʻia ʻo MDHMA e Alexander Shulgin. I loko o kāna puke PiHKAL , ua helu ʻo Shulgin i nā kaha i 100-160 mg, a ʻo ka lōʻihi ma kahi o 4-8 mau hola. Ua wehewehe ʻo MDHMA i ke kumu o ka entactogenic a me ka MDMA e like me nā hopena, hoʻomālielie i ke kamaʻilio ʻana, a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka mahalo i nā manaʻo.
3,4-Methylenedioxy-N-hydroxyamphetamine: 3,4-Methylenedioxy- N -hydroxyamphetamine mea entactogen, psychedelic, a me stimulant o ka phenethylamine a me amphetamine Nine Inch papa. ʻO ia ka homologue N -hydroxy o MDA, a me ka homologue N -desmethyl o MDHMA. Ua hoʻohālikelike mua ʻia ʻo MDOH e Alexander Shulgin. I loko o kāna puke PiHKAL , ua helu ʻo Shulgin i nā kaha i 100-160 mg, a me ka lōʻihi ma kahi o 3-6 mau hola. Ua wehewehe ʻo ia iā MDOH ma ke ʻano psychedelic a ke hoʻonui nei i ka leʻaleʻa i ka nani a me ke kūlohelohe. Ua ʻōlelo pū kekahi ʻo ia i nā hopena hopena maikaʻi ʻole i ʻike ʻia me MDMA ("Ecstasy") e like me ka paʻakikī o ka mimiki a me ka maloʻo o loko.
Methylenedioxyhydroxyethylamphetamine: ʻO MDHOET , a i ʻole 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-hydroxyethylamphetamine, kahi lāʻau psychedelic liʻiliʻi i ʻike ʻia a me kahi amphetamine pani. ʻO ia nō ka N-hydroxyethyl analogue o MDA. Ua hana mua ʻia ʻo MDHOET e Alexander Shulgin. I loko o kāna puke PiHKAL , helu ʻia ka mea palena iki e like me 50 mg. Hoʻokumu ʻo MDHOET i mau mea i nā hopena ʻole. Aia ka ʻikepili liʻiliʻi e pili ana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, nā lāʻau lapaʻau, nā hopena, a me nā mea ʻona o MDHOET.
3,4-Methylenedioxy-N-hydroxy-N-methylamphetamine: 3,4-Methylenedioxy- N -hydroxy- N -methylamphetamine he entactogen, psychedelic, a me stimulant o ka phenethylamine a me nā amphetamine kemika papa. ʻO ia ka homologue N -hydroxy o MDMA ("Ecstasy"), a me ka homologue N -methyl o MDOH. Ua hana mua ʻia ʻo MDHMA e Alexander Shulgin. I loko o kāna puke PiHKAL , ua helu ʻo Shulgin i nā kaha i 100-160 mg, a ʻo ka lōʻihi ma kahi o 4-8 mau hola. Ua wehewehe ʻo MDHMA i ke kumu o ka entactogenic a me ka MDMA e like me nā hopena, hoʻomālielie i ke kamaʻilio ʻana, a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka mahalo i nā manaʻo.
3,4-Methylenedioxy-N-hydroxy-N-methylamphetamine: 3,4-Methylenedioxy- N -hydroxy- N -methylamphetamine he entactogen, psychedelic, a me stimulant o ka phenethylamine a me nā amphetamine kemika papa. ʻO ia ka homologue N -hydroxy o MDMA ("Ecstasy"), a me ka homologue N -methyl o MDOH. Ua hana mua ʻia ʻo MDHMA e Alexander Shulgin. I loko o kāna puke PiHKAL , ua helu ʻo Shulgin i nā kaha i 100-160 mg, a ʻo ka lōʻihi ma kahi o 4-8 mau hola. Ua wehewehe ʻo MDHMA i ke kumu o ka entactogenic a me ka MDMA e like me nā hopena, hoʻomālielie i ke kamaʻilio ʻana, a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka mahalo i nā manaʻo.
3,4-Methylenedioxy-N-hydroxy-N-methylamphetamine: 3,4-Methylenedioxy- N -hydroxy- N -methylamphetamine he entactogen, psychedelic, a me stimulant o ka phenethylamine a me nā amphetamine kemika papa. ʻO ia ka homologue N -hydroxy o MDMA ("Ecstasy"), a me ka homologue N -methyl o MDOH. Ua hana mua ʻia ʻo MDHMA e Alexander Shulgin. I loko o kāna puke PiHKAL , ua helu ʻo Shulgin i nā kaha i 100-160 mg, a ʻo ka lōʻihi ma kahi o 4-8 mau hola. Ua wehewehe ʻo MDHMA i ke kumu o ka entactogenic a me ka MDMA e like me nā hopena, hoʻomālielie i ke kamaʻilio ʻana, a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka mahalo i nā manaʻo.
3,4-Methylenedioxy-N-isopropylamphetamine: 3,4-Methylenedioxy- N -isopropylamphetamine kahi lāʻau psychoactive o ka phenethylamine a me nā amphetamine kemika papa e hana ma ke ʻano he entactogen, psychedelic, a stimulant. ʻO ia ka N -isopropyl analogue o 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA). Ua hana mua ʻia ʻo MDIP e Alexander Shulgin. I loko o kāna puke PiHKAL , helu ʻia ka mahele palena iki e like me 250 mg. Hoʻopuka ka MDIP i kahi paepae akahai. ʻAʻole ʻike iki ʻia e pili ana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, nā lāʻau lapaʻau, nā hopena, a me nā mea ʻona o MDIP.
3,4-Methylenedioxy-N-methoxyamphetamine: 3,4-Methylenedioxy- N -methoxyamphetamine kahi lāʻau psychedelic liʻiliʻi ʻike ʻia a me kahi amphetamine pani. ʻO ia nō ka N-methoxy analogue o MDA. Ua hana mua ʻia ʻo MDMEO e Alexander Shulgin. I loko o kāna puke PiHKAL , helu ʻia ka palena iki ma 180 mg. Loaʻa paha ʻo MDMEO ma ke ʻano he aniani keʻokeʻo. Hoʻopuka ia i mau mea i ʻole hopena. Aia nā ʻikepili liʻiliʻi loa e pili ana i nā waiwai lāʻau, metabolism, a me nā mea ʻino o MDMEO.
3,4-Methylenedioxy-N-hydroxy-N-methylamphetamine: 3,4-Methylenedioxy- N -hydroxy- N -methylamphetamine he entactogen, psychedelic, a me stimulant o ka phenethylamine a me nā amphetamine kemika papa. ʻO ia ka homologue N -hydroxy o MDMA ("Ecstasy"), a me ka homologue N -methyl o MDOH. Ua hana mua ʻia ʻo MDHMA e Alexander Shulgin. I loko o kāna puke PiHKAL , ua helu ʻo Shulgin i nā kaha i 100-160 mg, a ʻo ka lōʻihi ma kahi o 4-8 mau hola. Ua wehewehe ʻo MDHMA i ke kumu o ka entactogenic a me ka MDMA e like me nā hopena, hoʻomālielie i ke kamaʻilio ʻana, a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka mahalo i nā manaʻo.
3,4-Methylenedioxy-N-hydroxy-N-methylamphetamine: 3,4-Methylenedioxy- N -hydroxy- N -methylamphetamine he entactogen, psychedelic, a me stimulant o ka phenethylamine a me nā amphetamine kemika papa. ʻO ia ka homologue N -hydroxy o MDMA ("Ecstasy"), a me ka homologue N -methyl o MDOH. Ua hana mua ʻia ʻo MDHMA e Alexander Shulgin. I loko o kāna puke PiHKAL , ua helu ʻo Shulgin i nā kaha i 100-160 mg, a ʻo ka lōʻihi ma kahi o 4-8 mau hola. Ua wehewehe ʻo MDHMA i ke kumu o ka entactogenic a me ka MDMA e like me nā hopena, hoʻomālielie i ke kamaʻilio ʻana, a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka mahalo i nā manaʻo.
MDMA: 3,4-Methyl Enedioxy ʻO ka methamphetamine ( MDMA ), ʻike ʻia he ecstasy ( E ) a i ʻole molly , kahi lāʻau psychoactive i hoʻohana mua ʻia no nā hana leʻaleʻa. ʻO nā hopena i makemake ʻia e komo pū me nā sensation i hoʻololi ʻia, hoʻonui i ka ikehu, empati, a me ka leʻaleʻa. Ke lawe ʻia e ka waha, hoʻomaka nā hopena ma 30 a 45 mau minuke a hala 3 a 6 mau hola.
Methylone: ʻO Methylone kahi emphogen a me kahi lāʻau psychoactive stimulant. He lālā ia o ka amphetamine pani, pani cathinone a me nā papa methylenedioxyphenethylamine pani.
Homarylamine: ʻO Homarylamine kahi lāʻau antitussive (anti-cough) i patent ʻia i ka 1956 e Merck & Co., akā ʻaʻole i hoʻohana ʻia me kahi lāʻau lapaʻau e like me kēlā.
3,4-Methylenedioxy-N-methylphentermine: 3,4-Methylenedioxy- N -methylphentermine kahi lāʻau psychedelic liʻiliʻi i ʻike ʻia. Ua hana mua ʻia ʻo MDMP e Alexander Shulgin. I kāna puke PiHKAL , helu ʻia ka mahele palena iki e like me 110 mg, a helu ʻia ka lōʻihi ma kahi o 6 mau hola. Hana ka MDMP i mau hopena a i ʻole hopena, a ʻano like me MDMA. Aia nā ʻikepili liʻiliʻi loa e pili ana i nā waiwai lāʻau, metabolism, a me nā mea ʻino o MDMP.
3,4-Methylenedioxy-N-propargylamphetamine: 3,4-Methylenedioxy- N -propargylamphetamine ( MDPL ) kahi lāʻau psychedelic liʻiliʻi i ʻike ʻia a me kahi amphetamine pani. Ua hana mua ʻia ʻo MDPL e Alexander Shulgin. I loko o kāna puke PiHKAL , helu ʻia ka palena iki me 150 mg, a me ka lōʻihi ʻike ʻole ʻia. Kuhi ka MDPL i kekahi mau hopena ʻole. Aia nā ʻikepili liʻiliʻi loa e pili ana i nā waiwai lāʻau, metabolism, a me nā mea ʻino o MDPL.
3,4-Methylenedioxy-N-propylamphetamine: 3,4-Methylenedioxy- N -propylamphetamine kahi lāʻau psychedelic liʻiliʻi i ʻike ʻia a me kahi amphetamine pani. Ua hana mua ʻia ʻo MDPR e Alexander Shulgin. I loko o kāna puke PiHKAL , helu ʻia ka mahele palena iki e like me 200 mg, a me ka lōʻihi ʻike ʻole ʻia. He mea hoʻolaha ʻo MDPR; ma o ia iho ʻaneʻane ʻaʻohe hopena i ka noʻonoʻo, akā paipai ia i nā hopena o nā hallucinogens, like me ka MDPH pili loa.
1,3-Benzodioxolyl-N-ethylpentanamine: ʻO N -Ethyl-1,3-benzodioxolylpentanamine kahi lāʻau psychoactive a he lālā o ka papa kemikala phenethylamine e hana nei ma ke ʻano he entactogen, psychedelic, a stimulant. ʻO ia ka analog N -ethyl o 1,3-benzodioxolylpentanamine. Ua hana mua ʻia ʻo Ethyl-K e Alexander Shulgin. I loko o kāna puke PiHKAL , helu ʻia ka mahele palena iki e like me 40 mg a ʻike ʻole ʻia ka lōʻihi. ʻAʻole ʻike iki ʻia e pili ana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, nā lāʻau lapaʻau, nā hopena, a me nā mea ʻino o Ethyl-K.
1,3-Benzodioxolyl-N-methylpentanamine: N -Methyl-1,3-benzodioxolylpentanamine , a ʻo 3,4-methylenedioxy-α-propyl- N -methylphenethylamine , he lāʻau psychoactive ia o ka papa kemikala phenethylamine. ʻO ia ka N -methyl analogue o 1,3-benzodioxolylpentanamine. Ua hana mua ʻia ʻo Methyl-K e Alexander Shulgin. I kāna puke PiHKAL, helu ʻia ka mahele palena iki e like me 100 mg, a ʻike ʻole ʻia ka lōʻihi. ʻAʻole ʻike iki ʻia e pili ana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, nā lāʻau lapaʻau, nā hopena, a me nā mea ʻino o Methyl-K.
ʻO Ethylone: ʻO Ethylone , ʻike ʻia ʻo 3,4-methylenedioxy- N -ethylcathinone , kahi lāʻau hoʻolālā hoʻolālā hoʻoliʻiliʻi i hoʻonohonoho ʻia ma ke ʻano he entactogen, stimulant, a me psychedelic o nā phenethylamine, amphetamine, a me nā papa kemikala cathinone. ʻO ia ka analog-keto analogue o MDEA ("Eve"). He moʻolelo pōkole wale kā Ethylone o ka hoʻohana a ke kanaka a hōʻike ʻia ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o kāna methylone pili. Ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ua hoʻomaka ʻia e loaʻa i nā huahana cathinone i ka hopena o 2011.
Methylone: ʻO Methylone kahi emphogen a me kahi lāʻau psychoactive stimulant. He lālā ia o ka amphetamine pani, pani cathinone a me nā papa methylenedioxyphenethylamine pani.
BOH (lāʻau lāʻau): ʻO ka BOH , ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo 3,4-methylenedioxy-β-methoxyphenethylamine , kahi lāʻau o ka papa phenethylamine. ʻO ia ka analog-methoxy analog o methylenedioxyphenethylamine (MDPEA) a pili pū kekahi me ka mamao loa i ka methylone. Ma muli o kona ʻano like me ka norepinephrine, nā ʻano o ka BOH he ʻano adrenergic wale nō.
3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine: 3,4-Methylene Dioxy Amphetamine ( MDA ), ʻike pinepine ʻia ma ke ʻano he sass , kahi lāʻau emphogen-entactogen, psychostimulant, a me ka lāʻau psychedelic o ka ʻohana amphetamine i kū nui ʻia ma ke ʻano he lāʻau leʻaleʻa. E pili ana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, hana nui ka MDA ma ke ʻano he hoʻokuʻu hoʻokuʻu serotonin-norepinephrine-dopamine (SNDRA). I ka hapanui o nā ʻāina, he lāʻau hoʻomalu ka lāʻau lapaʻau a he kū kānāwai ke kuleana a me ke kūʻai aku.
Methylenedioxybenzylpiperazine: 1- (3,4-Methylenedioxybenzyl) piperazine kahi hui kemika o ka papa hana kemika piperazine e pili ana i ka benzylpiperazine (BZP). Ua kūʻai ʻia aku ʻo MDBZP ma ke ʻano he lāʻau hoʻolālā a ua ʻike ʻia hoʻi ma ke ʻano he mea hana i nā kaila Ecstasy alanui.
3,4-Methylenedioxy-N-ethylamphetamine: 3,4-Methylenedioxy- N -ethylamphetamine kahi lāʻau psychhoactive empathogenic. ʻO MDEA kahi amphetamine pani a me kahi methylenedioxyphenethylamine pani. Hana ʻo MDEA ma ke ʻano he serotonin, norepinephrine, a me ka mea hoʻopuka hoʻokuʻu dopamine a me ka mea hōʻoki hou.
Methylenedioxyhydroxyethylamphetamine: ʻO MDHOET , a i ʻole 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-hydroxyethylamphetamine, kahi lāʻau psychedelic liʻiliʻi i ʻike ʻia a me kahi amphetamine pani. ʻO ia nō ka N-hydroxyethyl analogue o MDA. Ua hana mua ʻia ʻo MDHOET e Alexander Shulgin. I loko o kāna puke PiHKAL , helu ʻia ka mea palena iki e like me 50 mg. Hoʻokumu ʻo MDHOET i mau mea i nā hopena ʻole. Aia ka ʻikepili liʻiliʻi e pili ana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, nā lāʻau lapaʻau, nā hopena, a me nā mea ʻona o MDHOET.
3,4-Methylenedioxy-N-hydroxy-N-methylamphetamine: 3,4-Methylenedioxy- N -hydroxy- N -methylamphetamine he entactogen, psychedelic, a me stimulant o ka phenethylamine a me nā amphetamine kemika papa. ʻO ia ka homologue N -hydroxy o MDMA ("Ecstasy"), a me ka homologue N -methyl o MDOH. Ua hana mua ʻia ʻo MDHMA e Alexander Shulgin. I loko o kāna puke PiHKAL , ua helu ʻo Shulgin i nā kaha i 100-160 mg, a ʻo ka lōʻihi ma kahi o 4-8 mau hola. Ua wehewehe ʻo MDHMA i ke kumu o ka entactogenic a me ka MDMA e like me nā hopena, hoʻomālielie i ke kamaʻilio ʻana, a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka mahalo i nā manaʻo.
3,4-Methylenedioxy-N-hydroxy-N-methylamphetamine: 3,4-Methylenedioxy- N -hydroxy- N -methylamphetamine he entactogen, psychedelic, a me stimulant o ka phenethylamine a me nā amphetamine kemika papa. ʻO ia ka homologue N -hydroxy o MDMA ("Ecstasy"), a me ka homologue N -methyl o MDOH. Ua hana mua ʻia ʻo MDHMA e Alexander Shulgin. I loko o kāna puke PiHKAL , ua helu ʻo Shulgin i nā kaha i 100-160 mg, a ʻo ka lōʻihi ma kahi o 4-8 mau hola. Ua wehewehe ʻo MDHMA i ke kumu o ka entactogenic a me ka MDMA e like me nā hopena, hoʻomālielie i ke kamaʻilio ʻana, a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka mahalo i nā manaʻo.
3,4-Methylenedioxy-N-hydroxy-N-methylamphetamine: 3,4-Methylenedioxy- N -hydroxy- N -methylamphetamine he entactogen, psychedelic, a me stimulant o ka phenethylamine a me nā amphetamine kemika papa. ʻO ia ka homologue N -hydroxy o MDMA ("Ecstasy"), a me ka homologue N -methyl o MDOH. Ua hana mua ʻia ʻo MDHMA e Alexander Shulgin. I loko o kāna puke PiHKAL , ua helu ʻo Shulgin i nā kaha i 100-160 mg, a ʻo ka lōʻihi ma kahi o 4-8 mau hola. Ua wehewehe ʻo MDHMA i ke kumu o ka entactogenic a me ka MDMA e like me nā hopena, hoʻomālielie i ke kamaʻilio ʻana, a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka mahalo i nā manaʻo.
MDMA: 3,4-Methyl Enedioxy ʻO ka methamphetamine ( MDMA ), ʻike ʻia he ecstasy ( E ) a i ʻole molly , kahi lāʻau psychoactive i hoʻohana mua ʻia no nā hana leʻaleʻa. ʻO nā hopena i makemake ʻia e komo pū me nā sensation i hoʻololi ʻia, hoʻonui i ka ikehu, empati, a me ka leʻaleʻa. Ke lawe ʻia e ka waha, hoʻomaka nā hopena ma 30 a 45 mau minuke a hala 3 a 6 mau hola.
Homarylamine: ʻO Homarylamine kahi lāʻau antitussive (anti-cough) i patent ʻia i ka 1956 e Merck & Co., akā ʻaʻole i hoʻohana ʻia me kahi lāʻau lapaʻau e like me kēlā.
3,4-Methylenedioxyphenethylamine: 3,4-Methylenedioxyphenethylamine , i kapa ʻia ʻo homopiperonylamine , kahi phenethylamine pani e hana ʻia e ka hoʻohui ʻana i kahi hui methylenedioxy i phenethylamine. Kūlike like ia me MDA, akā me ka ʻole o ka hui methyl ma ke kūlana alpha.
3,4-Methylenedioxyphentermine: 3,4-Methylenedioxyphentermine ( MDPH ) kahi lāʻau psychedelic liʻiliʻi ʻike ʻia. Ua hana mua ʻia ʻo MDPH e Alexander Shulgin. I kāna puke PiHKAL , helu ʻia ka laulā o ka mahele ma 160-240 mg, a ʻo ka lōʻihi ma kahi o 3-5 mau hola. Ua like loa nā hopena o MDPH me nā MDA: he laumania a ʻelua hoʻi "hailuku" ʻana, ʻaʻole kumu o kekahi kiʻi. Hoʻololi lākou i nā moemoeā a me nā moemoeā. Ua wehewehe ʻo Shulgin iā MDPH ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻolaha; paipai ia i nā hopena o nā lāʻau ʻē aʻe, like me 2C-D. Aia kahi ʻikepili liʻiliʻi e pili ana i nā waiwai lāʻau, metabolism, a me nā mea ʻino o MDPH.
3,4-Methylenedioxypropiophenone: ʻO 3,4-Methylenedioxypropiophenone , ʻo 3,4- (Methylenedioxy) phenyl-1-propanone ( MDP1P ), kahi phenylpropanoid i loaʻa i kekahi mau mea kanu o ka genus Piper a he isomer o 3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl-2-propanone (MDP2P).
ʻO Isosafrole: ʻO Isosafrole kahi hui kūlohelohe i hoʻohana ʻia i ka ʻoihana ʻala. Structurally, pili ka mole i ka phenylpropene, kahi ʻano kemika mea ʻaʻala. Hoʻomanaʻo kona ʻala i ka anise a i ʻole ka laikini. Loaʻa ia i nā kālā liʻiliʻi i nā aila pono like ʻole, akā loaʻa pinepine ʻia e ka isomerizing i ka safrole aila mea kanu. Aia ia ma ke ʻano he ʻelua isometers geometric, cis -isosafrole a me trans -isosafrole.
3,4-Methylenedioxyphenylpropan-2-hoʻokahi: ʻO 3,4-Methylenedioxyphenylpropan-2-hoʻokahi a i ʻole piperonyl methyl ketone kahi hui kemika i loko o kahi hui phenylacetone i pani ʻia me kahi hui hana methylenedioxy. Hoʻohui pinepine ʻia ia mai nā safrole a i ʻole kāna isomer isosafrole ma o ka hoʻowali ʻia ʻana me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka Wacker oxidation a i ʻole peroxyacid oxidation ʻano hana. Kūleʻa ʻole ʻo MDP2P i ka mahana o ka lumi a pono e mālama ʻia i ka pahu hau no ka mālama pono ʻana.
Safrole: ʻO Safrole kahi hui pū me ke ʻano CH 2 O 2 C 6 H 3 CH 2 CH = CH 2 . He wai aila ʻaila kala ʻole ia, ʻoiai ʻike ʻia nā melemele haumia i melemele. He lālā o ka ʻohana phenylpropanoid o nā huahana kūlohelohe, loaʻa ia i nā mea kanu sassafras, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Loaʻa nā kālā liʻiliʻi i nā ʻano mea kanu like ʻole, kahi e hana ai ma ke ʻano he antifeedant maoli. ʻO Ocotea pretiosa , e ulu nei ma Brazil, a ʻo Sassafras albidum , e ulu nei ma ka hikina o ʻAmelika ʻAmelika, ʻo ia nā kumu kūlohelohe nui o ka safrole. He ʻano ʻala "shop-shop" kona ʻano.
3,4-Methylenedioxyphenylpropan-2-hoʻokahi: ʻO 3,4-Methylenedioxyphenylpropan-2-hoʻokahi a i ʻole piperonyl methyl ketone kahi hui kemika i loko o kahi hui phenylacetone i pani ʻia me kahi hui hana methylenedioxy. Hoʻohui pinepine ʻia ia mai nā safrole a i ʻole kāna isomer isosafrole ma o ka hoʻowali ʻia ʻana me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka Wacker oxidation a i ʻole peroxyacid oxidation ʻano hana. Kūleʻa ʻole ʻo MDP2P i ka mahana o ka lumi a pono e mālama ʻia i ka pahu hau no ka mālama pono ʻana.
Methylenedioxyphenylpropene: Hiki i ka Methylenedioxyphenylpropene (C 10 H 10 O 2 ) ke kuhikuhi i kekahi: ʻO Isosafrole ʻO Safrole
3,4-Methylenedioxypropiophenone: ʻO 3,4-Methylenedioxypropiophenone , ʻo 3,4- (Methylenedioxy) phenyl-1-propanone ( MDP1P ), kahi phenylpropanoid i loaʻa i kekahi mau mea kanu o ka genus Piper a he isomer o 3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl-2-propanone (MDP2P).
Methylenedioxypyrovalerone: ʻO Methylenedioxypyrovalerone ( MDPV ) kahi mea hoʻonāukiuki o ka papa cathinone e hana nei ma ke ʻano he norepinephrine – dopamine reuptake inhibitor (NDRI). Ua hoʻomohala mua ʻia ia i nā makahiki 1960 e kekahi hui ma Boehringer Ingelheim. ʻO kāna hana ma ka transporter dopamine he ʻeono mau manawa i ʻoi aku ka ikaika ma mua o ka norepinephrine transporter a he ʻano hana ʻole ia i ka mea lawe i ka serotonin. Ua hoʻomau ʻo MDPV i mea hoʻonāukiuki a hiki i ka makahiki 2004 ke kūʻai ʻia aku ma ke ʻano he lāʻau hoʻolālā. A hiki i ka wā i pāpā ʻia ai i ka makahiki 2011, nā huahana i loaʻa ka MDPV a kapa ʻia e like me nā paʻakai ʻauʻau e kūʻai aku ʻia e like me nā lāʻau leʻaleʻa i nā keʻena kinoea a me nā hale kūʻai maʻalahi ma United States, e like me ke kūʻai aku ʻana iā Spice a me K2 me he mea ʻala lā.
3,4-Xylenol: ʻO 3,4-Xylenol kahi hui kemika kahi o nā ʻomoma ʻeono o xylenol.
3,4-Xylidine: ʻO 3,4-Xylidine kahi hui kūmole me ka mana C 6 H 3 (CH 3 ) 2 NH 2 . ʻO ia kekahi o nā xylidines isomeric. He paʻa kala ʻole ia. He mea mua ia no ka hana ʻana o riboflavin (wikamina B 2 ).
Picene: ʻO Picene kahi hydrocarbon i loaʻa i ke koena pitchy i loaʻa i ka distillation o ka peat tar a me ka aila. Hoʻopili ʻia kēia i ka maloʻo a hoʻoponopono hou ʻia ka distillate mai cymene. Hoʻomākaukau hoʻomākaukau ʻia paha ia e ka hana a anhydrous aluminika koloride ma ka hui ʻana o naphthalene a me 1,2-dibromoethane, a i ʻole e ka distill a-dinaphthostilbene. Crystallize ia i loko o ka nui kala kala ʻole i loaʻa i ka polū fluorescence. Hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka waikawa sulfuric paʻa me kahi kala ʻōmaʻomaʻo. ʻO ka waikawa chicic i loko o ka waiwila acid acetic glacial oxidize iā ia i ka picene-quinone, picene-quinone carboxylic acid, a ʻo ka hope loa i ka phthalic acid.
Benzo (a) pyrene: ʻO Benzo [ a ] pyrene kahi polycyclic aromatik hydrocarbon a me ka hopena o ka pau ʻole o ka puhi ʻia ʻana o nā meaola i nā mahana ma waena o 300 ° C (572 ° F) a me 600 ° C (1,112 ° F). Hiki ke loaʻa i ka hui ākea i loko o ka lama lānahu, ka uahi paka a me nā meaʻai he nui, ʻo nāʻiʻo i hoʻomoʻa ʻia. ʻO ka mea me ka haʻilula C 20 H 12 kekahi o nā benzopyrenes, i hana ʻia e ke apo benzene i hoʻopili ʻia i pyrene. ʻO kāna diol epoxide metabolites (ʻike nui ʻia ʻo BPDE) hana a hoʻopaʻa iā DNA, e hopena ana i nā hoʻololi a me ka maʻi ʻaʻai. Ua helu ʻia ma ke ʻano he carcinogen Pūʻulu 1 e ka IARC. I ke kenekulia 18 i kahi maʻi ʻaʻai scrotal o nā chimney sweepers, ʻo ka chimney sweeps 'carcinoma, ua ʻike ʻia e pili ana i ka soot.
3,4-Dehydroadipyl-CoA dialdrogenase semialdehyde (NADP +): 3,4-Dehydroadipyl-CoA semialdehyde dehydrogenase (NADP + ) (EC 1.2.1.77 , BoxD , 3,4-dehydroadipyl-CoA semialdehyde dehydrogenase ) kahi enzyme me ka inoa ʻōnaehana 3,4-didehydroadipyl-CoA semialdehyde: NADP + oxidoreductase . Hoʻopili kēia enzyme i ka hopena kemika i lalo 3,4-didehydroadipyl-CoA semialdehyde + NADP + + H2O 3,4-didehydroadipyl-CoA + NADPH + H +
5- (3,4-diacetoxybut-1-ynyl) -2,2'-bithiophene deacetylase: I ka enzymology, he 5- (3,4-diacetoxybut-1-ynyl) -2,2'-bithiophene deacetylase (EC 3.1.1.66 ) kahi enzyme e catalyzed i ka hopena kemika 5- (3,4-diacetoxybut-1-ynyl) -2,2'-bithiophene + H 2 O 5- (3-hydroxy-4-acetoxybut-1-ynyl) -2,2'-bithiophene + acetate
Amifampridine: Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Amifampridine ma ke ʻano he lāʻau, ka mea nui i ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi maʻi ʻeha loa. Ua hoʻohana ʻia ke ʻano kumu manuahi o ka lāʻau e mālama i nā syndrome myasthenic congenital a me Lambert – Eaton myasthenic Syndrome (LEMS) ma o nā papahana hoʻohana aloha mai nā makahiki 1990 a ua paipai ʻia ma ke ʻano he laina mua no LEMS i ka makahiki 2006, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano ad hoc o ka lāʻau, ʻoiai ʻaʻohe ʻano mākeke.
ʻO Dichloroaniline: ʻO nā Dichloroanilines he mau mea hoʻohui kemika i hoʻopili ʻia me ke apo aniline i hoʻololi ʻia me nā ʻelua aʻaina kolona a loaʻa ka mole mole C 6 H 5 Cl 2 N. Aia he ʻeono isomers, ʻokoʻa i nā kūlana o nā atine mole mālamalama a puni ke apo e pili ana i ka hui amino. Ma ke ʻano he aniline derivatives, inoa ʻia lākou me ka hui amino i ke kūlana 1. ʻAno kala ʻole lākou āpau, ʻoiai hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā laʻana kalepa kala ʻia ma muli o ke alo o nā haumia. Hoʻohana ʻia kekahi mau derivatives i ka hana ʻana i nā kala a me nā lāʻau make.
3,4-dichloroaniline N-malonyltransferase: I loko o ka enzymology, he 3,4-dichloroaniline N-malonyltransferase kahi enzyme e catalyzed i ka hopena kemika malonyl-CoA + 3,4-dichloroaniline CoA + N- (3,4-dichlorophenyl) -malonamate
1,2-Dichloro-4-nitrobenzene: 1,2-Dichloro-4-nitrobenzene kahi hui pū me ke ʻano 1,2-Cl 2 C 6 H 3 -4-NO 2 . Pili kēia paʻa melemele mae i 1,2-dichlorobenzene e ka hoʻololi o hoʻokahi H atoma me kahi hui hana nitro. ʻO kēia hui pū waena ma ka synthesive o agrochemicals.
3,4-Dichlorophenyl isocyanate: ʻO 3,4-Dichlorophenyl isocyanate kahi hui kemika i hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he kemika waena a me ka synthes synthetic. He paʻa ia, a mai ke keʻokeʻo a i ka melemele. He mea hoʻonāukiuki ia no nā pūnaewele me nā maka a me nā membrane mucous, a ʻo ka inhalation o ka lepo mai ka kemikona he mea make. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻenehana i ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana o triclocarban e ka hopena me p -chloroaniline .
3,4-Dehydroadipyl-CoA dialdrogenase semialdehyde (NADP +): 3,4-Dehydroadipyl-CoA semialdehyde dehydrogenase (NADP + ) (EC 1.2.1.77 , BoxD , 3,4-dehydroadipyl-CoA semialdehyde dehydrogenase ) kahi enzyme me ka inoa ʻōnaehana 3,4-didehydroadipyl-CoA semialdehyde: NADP + oxidoreductase . Hoʻopili kēia enzyme i ka hopena kemika i lalo 3,4-didehydroadipyl-CoA semialdehyde + NADP + + H2O 3,4-didehydroadipyl-CoA + NADPH + H +
ʻO Dihydropyran: I loko o ke kemika kemika, ʻo dihydropyran e pili ana i ʻelua mau huina heterocyclic me ke ʻano C 5 H 8 O: 3,4-Dihydro-2 H -pyran 3,6-dihydro-2 H -pyran
ʻO Dihydrouridine: ʻO Dihydrouridine (hoʻopōkole ʻia e like me D , DHU , a i ʻole UH 2 ) he pyrimidine nucleoside ka hopena o ka hoʻohui ʻana i ʻelua mau ʻoma hydrogen i kahi uridine, e hana ana i ke apo pyrimidine piha piha me ka ʻole o nā paʻa pālua i koe. Loaʻa ʻo D i nā mole tRNA a me rRNA ma ke ʻano he nucleoside; ʻo ka nucleobase kūlike he 5,6-dihydrouracil.
3,4-dihydroxy-2-butanone-4-phosphate synthase: I ka biology moleola, 3,4-dihydroxy-2-butanone 4-phosphate synthase (RibB) EC 4.1.99.12 kahi enzyme e catalyses o ka hoʻololi ʻana o D-ribulose 5-phosphate e hana a 3,4-dihydroxy-2-butanone 4-phosphate, ʻo ka hope e lawelawe ana ma ke ʻano he prosyor biosynthetic no ke apo xylene o riboflavin. I Photobacterium leiognathi , nā riboflavin synthes genes ribB, ribE, ribH a me ribA e noho nei i ka lux operon. ʻIke ʻia ʻo RibB ma ke ʻano he enzyme bifunctional me GTP cyclohydrolase II e catalyses i ka hana mua i ka biosynthesis o riboflavin. ʻAʻole loaʻa nā kaʻina me nā homology koʻikoʻi i ka DHBP synthase i ka metazoa.
Digallicʻakika: ʻO ka Digallic acid kahi hui polyphenolic i loaʻa i ka Pistacia lentiscus . Aia pū kekahi ka waikawa Digallic i ka mole o ka waikiki tannic. Pili nā estera Digalloyl i nā paʻa paʻa -meta a i ʻole -para .
Digallicʻakika: ʻO ka Digallic acid kahi hui polyphenolic i loaʻa i ka Pistacia lentiscus . Aia pū kekahi ka waikawa Digallic i ka mole o ka waikiki tannic. Pili nā estera Digalloyl i nā paʻa paʻa -meta a i ʻole -para .
3,4-dihydroxy-9,10-secoandrosta-1,3,5 (10) -triene-9,17-dione 4,5-dioxygenase: I loko o ka enzymology, kahi 3,4-dihydroxy-9,10-secoandrosta-1,3,5 (10) -triene-9,17-dione 4,5-dioxygenase (EC 1.13.11.25 ) kahi enzyme e catalyzed i ka kemika hopena 3,4-dihydroxy-9,10-secoandrosta-1,3,5 (10) -triene-9,17-dione + O 2 3-hydroxy-5,9,17-trioxo-4,5: 9,10-disecoandrosta-1 (10), 2-dien-4-oate
3,4-dihydroxy-9,10-secoandrosta-1,3,5 (10) -triene-9,17-dione 4,5-dioxygenase: I loko o ka enzymology, kahi 3,4-dihydroxy-9,10-secoandrosta-1,3,5 (10) -triene-9,17-dione 4,5-dioxygenase (EC 1.13.11.25 ) kahi enzyme e catalyzed i ka kemika hopena 3,4-dihydroxy-9,10-secoandrosta-1,3,5 (10) -triene-9,17-dione + O 2 3-hydroxy-5,9,17-trioxo-4,5: 9,10-disecoandrosta-1 (10), 2-dien-4-oate
L-DOPA: l -DOPA , ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo levodopa a me l -3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine , kahi amino acid i hana ʻia a hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he biology o nā kānaka, a me kekahi mau holoholona a me nā mea kanu. ʻO nā kānaka, a me kahi ʻāpana o nā holoholona ʻē aʻe e hoʻohana l -DOPA i kā lākou biology, hana iā ia ma o ka biosynthesis mai ka amino acid l -tyrosine . l -DOPA ʻo ia ka mua o ka neurotransmitters dopamine, norepinephrine (noradrenaline), a me ka epinephrine (adrenaline), kahi i ʻike ʻia he catecholamines. Eia kekahi, l -DOPA ponoʻī e uwō i ka neurotrophic factor hoʻokuʻu ʻia e ka lolo a me CNS. l -DOPA hiki ke hana a ma kona ʻano maʻemaʻe e kūʻai ʻia ma ke ʻano he lāʻau psychoactive me ka INN levodopa; ʻo nā inoa kālepa ʻo Sinemet, Pharmacopa, Atamet, a me Stalevo. Ma ke ʻano he lāʻau, hoʻohana ʻia ia i ka lāʻau lapaʻau o ka maʻi o Parkinson a me dystonia pane pane-pane.
Dihydroxyphenylalanine transaminase: I ka enzymology, kahi dihydroxyphenylalanine transaminase kahi enzyme e catalyze i ka hopena kemika 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 2-oxoglutarate 3,4-dihydroxyphenylpyruvate + L-glutamate