Beta-Hydroxy beta-methylbutyric acid, 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase deficiency, Beta-Hydroxy beta-methylbutyric acid

Beta-Hydroxy beta-methylbutyric acid: β-Hydroxy β-methylbutyric acid ( HMB ), a i ʻole kapa ʻia kona kumu conjugate, hydro-hydroxy met-methylbutyrate , he mea hana i hana ʻia i loko o nā kānaka i hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he hoʻopiha papaʻai a ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻohui i kekahi mau meaʻai olakino i manaʻo ʻia e hoʻolauna i ka hōʻeha ʻana i ka ʻeha a hāʻawi i ke kākoʻo olakino no ka poʻe me ka ʻānai ʻana i nā mākala ma muli o ka maʻi ʻaʻai a i ʻole HIV / AIDS. I nā mākua olakino, hōʻike ʻia ka supplementation me ka HMB e hoʻonui i ka loaʻa o ka hoʻoikaika kino i ka nui o ka mākala, ka ikaika o ka mākala, a me ka nui o ke kino wīwī, hoʻoliʻiliʻi i ka hōʻino ʻana o nā iwi iwi mai ka hoʻoikaika kino ʻana, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana hoʻoikaika aerobic, a me ka hoʻolalelale i ke ola ʻana mai ka hoʻoikaika kino. Hōʻike nā loiloi olakino a me nā meta-analithes i ke kōkua ʻana o ka kākoʻo HMB i ka mālama ʻana a hoʻonui ʻana paha i ka nui o nā kino o ka momona a me ka ikaika o nā mākala i nā poʻe e ʻike nei i ka nalo ʻana o nā mākala e pili ana i ka makahiki. Hana ka HMB i kēia mau hopena i kahi ʻāpana e ka hoʻonāukiuki ʻana i ka hana o nā protein a me ka pāpā ʻana i ka haki ʻana o nā proteins i kaʻiʻo muscle. ʻAʻole i loaʻa nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole mai ka hoʻohana wā lōʻihi ma ke ʻano he papaʻai meaʻai i nā mākua.
3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA hemahema lyase: 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA ka hemahema lyase kahi maʻi hoʻoilina maʻamau i hiki ʻole i ke kino ke hana pono i ka leucine amino acid. Hoʻopili, pale ka maʻi i ke kino mai ka hana ʻana i nā ketones, i hoʻohana ʻia no ka ikehu i ka wā o ka hoʻokē ʻai.
Beta-Hydroxy beta-methylbutyric acid: β-Hydroxy β-methylbutyric acid ( HMB ), a i ʻole kapa ʻia kona kumu conjugate, hydro-hydroxy met-methylbutyrate , he mea hana i hana ʻia i loko o nā kānaka i hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he hoʻopiha papaʻai a ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻohui i kekahi mau meaʻai olakino i manaʻo ʻia e hoʻolauna i ka hōʻeha ʻana i ka ʻeha a hāʻawi i ke kākoʻo olakino no ka poʻe me ka ʻānai ʻana i nā mākala ma muli o ka maʻi ʻaʻai a i ʻole HIV / AIDS. I nā mākua olakino, hōʻike ʻia ka supplementation me ka HMB e hoʻonui i ka loaʻa o ka hoʻoikaika kino i ka nui o ka mākala, ka ikaika o ka mākala, a me ka nui o ke kino wīwī, hoʻoliʻiliʻi i ka hōʻino ʻana o nā iwi iwi mai ka hoʻoikaika kino ʻana, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana hoʻoikaika aerobic, a me ka hoʻolalelale i ke ola ʻana mai ka hoʻoikaika kino. Hōʻike nā loiloi olakino a me nā meta-analithes i ke kōkua ʻana o ka kākoʻo HMB i ka mālama ʻana a hoʻonui ʻana paha i ka nui o nā kino o ka momona a me ka ikaika o nā mākala i nā poʻe e ʻike nei i ka nalo ʻana o nā mākala e pili ana i ka makahiki. Hana ka HMB i kēia mau hopena i kahi ʻāpana e ka hoʻonāukiuki ʻana i ka hana o nā protein a me ka pāpā ʻana i ka haki ʻana o nā proteins i kaʻiʻo muscle. ʻAʻole i loaʻa nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole mai ka hoʻohana wā lōʻihi ma ke ʻano he papaʻai meaʻai i nā mākua.
3-Hydroxypicolinic acid: ʻO ka 3-Hydroxy picolinic acid kahi kūmole acid picolinic a he lālā ia o ka ʻohana pyridine. Hoʻohana ʻia ia ma ke ʻano he moʻo no nukleotide ma nā anamanaʻo spectrometry MALDI.
3-Hydroxypentanoic acid: 3-Hydroxypentanoic acid , a i ʻole beta-hydroxypentanoate , he kino ketone 5-kalapona. Hana ʻia ia mai nā ʻaukā momona momona i ke akepaʻa a komo wikiwiki i ka lolo. Kūlike ʻole i nā kino ketone 4-carbon, 3-hydroxypentanoic acid he anaplerotic, ʻo ia hoʻi hiki iā ia ke hoʻopiha hou i ka loko wai o TCA waena waena. Hoʻohana ʻia ka triglyceride triheptanoin i kahi lāʻau e hana beta-hydroxypentanoate.
3-Hydroxyacetophenone: ʻO 3-Hydroxyacetophenone kahi hui kemika. He mahele o ka castoreum, ka exudate mai nā ʻeke castor o ka beaver makua.
3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratase 2: 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratase 2 kahi protein i loko o ke kanaka i hoʻopili ʻia e ka ʻāpana HACD2.
3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase: I loko o ka enzymology, he 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.35 ) kahi enzyme e catalyzed i ka hopena kemika (S) -3-hydroxyacyl-CoA + NAD + 3-oxoacyl-CoA + NADH + H +
3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratase 2: 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratase 2 kahi protein i loko o ke kanaka i hoʻopili ʻia e ka ʻāpana HACD2.
3-hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A hemahema dehydrogenase: 3-hydroxyacyl-coenzyme ʻO kahi hemahema dehydrogenase kahi ʻano laha ʻole e pale ai i ke kino mai ka hoʻohuli ʻana i kekahi mau momona i ka ikehu, i ka wā o ka hoʻokē ʻai. ʻO ka maʻamau, ma o ke kaʻina hana i kapa ʻia ʻo ka momona acid oxidation, hana kekahi mau ʻenima i kahi hana akamai e metabolize i nā momona a hoʻolilo iā lākou i ka ikehu. ʻO nā kānaka me ka 3-hydroxyacyl-coenzyme kahi hemahema dehydrogenase i lawa nā pae o ka ʻenemi e pono ai no kahi ʻanuʻu e hoʻopili i nā hui o nā momona i kapa ʻia nā waikawa momona momona a me nā waikawa momona momona liʻiliʻi; no kēia kumu i kapa ʻia ai kēia maʻi i kekahi manawa me ke kaulike a me nā kaulahao 3-hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A hemahema dehydrogenase (M / SCHAD).
3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase: I loko o ka enzymology, he 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.35 ) kahi enzyme e catalyzed i ka hopena kemika (S) -3-hydroxyacyl-CoA + NAD + 3-oxoacyl-CoA + NADH + H +
3-hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A hemahema dehydrogenase: 3-hydroxyacyl-coenzyme ʻO kahi hemahema dehydrogenase kahi ʻano laha ʻole e pale ai i ke kino mai ka hoʻohuli ʻana i kekahi mau momona i ka ikehu, i ka wā o ka hoʻokē ʻai. ʻO ka maʻamau, ma o ke kaʻina hana i kapa ʻia ʻo ka momona acid oxidation, hana kekahi mau ʻenima i kahi hana akamai e metabolize i nā momona a hoʻolilo iā lākou i ka ikehu. ʻO nā kānaka me ka 3-hydroxyacyl-coenzyme kahi hemahema dehydrogenase i lawa nā pae o ka ʻenemi e pono ai no kahi ʻanuʻu e hoʻopili i nā hui o nā momona i kapa ʻia nā waikawa momona momona a me nā waikawa momona momona liʻiliʻi; no kēia kumu i kapa ʻia ai kēia maʻi i kekahi manawa me ke kaulike a me nā kaulahao 3-hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A hemahema dehydrogenase (M / SCHAD).
Anthocyanidin: ʻO nā Anthocyanidins nā pigment mea kanu maʻamau, nā ʻāpana kō ʻole o nā anthocyanins. Hoʻokumu ʻia lākou i ka cation flavylium, kahi ion oxonium, me nā hui like ʻole i pani ʻia no kāna mau ʻenoma hydrogen. Hoʻololi lākou i ke kala mai ka ʻulaʻula ma o ka poni, ka uliuli, a me ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo bluish ma ke ʻano he hana o pH.
3-Hydroxyanthranilic acid: 3-Hydroxyanthranilic acid kahi ma waena o ka metabolism o ka tryptophan. ʻO ia kahi antioxidant hou i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia mai ka methanol extract o tempeh. He kūpono ia i ka pale ʻana i ka autoxidation o ka aila aila a me ka pauka, ʻoiai ʻaʻole he antioxidant 6,7,4'-trihydroxyisoflavone.
HAAO: ʻO ka 3-hydroxyanthranilate 3,4-dioxygenase (EC 1.13.11.6 ) kahi enemi i hoʻopili ʻia e ka ʻāpana HAAO e catalyze i ka hopena kemika 3-hydroxyanthranilate + ʻO 2 2-amino-3-carboxymuconate semialdehyde
3-hydroxyanthranilate oxidase: I loko o ka enzymology, kahi 3-hydroxyanthranilate oxidase (EC 1.10.3.5 ) (i kapa ʻia ʻo 3-HAO) kahi ʻākena e catalyze i ka hopena kemika: 3-hydroxyanthranilate + ʻO 2 6-imino-5-oxocyclohexa-1,3-dienecarboxylate + H 2 O 2
HAAO: ʻO ka 3-hydroxyanthranilate 3,4-dioxygenase (EC 1.13.11.6 ) kahi enemi i hoʻopili ʻia e ka ʻāpana HAAO e catalyze i ka hopena kemika 3-hydroxyanthranilate + ʻO 2 2-amino-3-carboxymuconate semialdehyde
3-hydroxyanthranilate 4-C-methyltransferase: I loko o ka enzymology, kahi 3-hydroxyanthranilate 4-C-methyltransferase kahi ʻelemona e catalyze i ka hopena kemika S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 3-hydroxyanthranilate S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine ​​+ 3-hydroxy-4-methylanthranilate
3-hydroxyanthranilate oxidase: I loko o ka enzymology, kahi 3-hydroxyanthranilate oxidase (EC 1.10.3.5 ) (i kapa ʻia ʻo 3-HAO) kahi ʻākena e catalyze i ka hopena kemika: 3-hydroxyanthranilate + ʻO 2 6-imino-5-oxocyclohexa-1,3-dienecarboxylate + H 2 O 2
3-Hydroxyanthranilic acid: 3-Hydroxyanthranilic acid kahi ma waena o ka metabolism o ka tryptophan. ʻO ia kahi antioxidant hou i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia mai ka methanol extract o tempeh. He kūpono ia i ka pale ʻana i ka autoxidation o ka aila aila a me ka pauka, ʻoiai ʻaʻole he antioxidant 6,7,4'-trihydroxyisoflavone.
3-Hydroxyasparagine: 3-Hydroxyasparagine i kapa ʻia as -hydroxyasparagine (beta-hydroxyasparagine) kahi asparagine amino acid i hoʻoponopono ʻia. ʻIke ʻia i ka hoʻololi posttranslational o nā kāʻei like me ka CBEGF i hiki i nā kānaka a me nā Eukaryotes ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka code amino acid i hoʻohana ʻia no kēia ʻo Hyn . Loaʻa ke koena amino acid i hoʻololi ʻia i fibrillin-1. ʻIke ʻia kēia amino acid i ka mimi.
3-hydroxyaspartate aldolase: I loko o ka enzymology, kahi 3-hydroxyaspartate aldolase kahi ʻelemona e catalyze i ka hopena kemika erythro-3-hydroxy-Ls-aspartate glycine + glyoxylate
3-Hydroxybenzaldehyde: ʻO 3-Hydroxybenzaldehyde kekahi o nā isomers ʻekolu o ka hydroxybenzaldehyde.
4-hydroxybenzaldehyde dehydrogenase: I loko o ka enzymology, kahi 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.64 ) kahi enzyme e catalyzed i ka hopena kemika 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde + NAD + + H 2 ʻO 4-hydroxybenzoate + NADH + 2 H +
3-Hydroxybenzoic acid: ʻO ka 3-Hydroxybenzoic acid kahi waikawa monohydroxybenzoic.
3-hydroxybenzoate 6-monooxygenase: I loko o ka enzymology, he 3-hydroxybenzoate 6-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.13.24 ) kahi enzyme e catalyzed i ka hopena kemika 3-hydroxybenzoate + NADH + H + + O 2 2,5-dihydroxybenzoate + NAD + + H 2 O
3-hydroxybenzoate 4-monooxygenase: I loko o ka enzymology, he 3-hydroxybenzoate 4-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.13.23 ) kahi enzyme e catalyzed i ka hopena kemika 3-hydroxybenzoate + NADPH + H + + O 2 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate + NADP + + H 2 O	I loko o ka enzymology, he 3-hydroxybenzoate 4-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.13.23 ) kahi enzyme e catalyzed i ka hopena kemika 3-hydroxybenzoate + NADPH + H + + O 2
3-hydroxybenzoate 2-monooxygenase: I loko o ka enzymology, he 3-hydroxybenzoate 2-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.99.23 ) kahi enzyme e catalyzed i ka hopena kemika 3-hydroxybenzoate + AH 2 + ʻO 2 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate + A + H 2 O
3-hydroxybenzoate — CoA ligase: 3-hydroxybenzoate-ʻO CoA ligase kahi enzyme me ka inoa ʻōnaehana 3-hydroxybenzoate: CoA ligase (AMP-hoʻokumu) . Hoʻopili kēia enzyme i ka hopena kemika i lalo ATP + 3-hydroxybenzoate + CoA AMP + diphosphate + 3-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA
3-hydroxybenzoate — CoA ligase: 3-hydroxybenzoate-ʻO CoA ligase kahi enzyme me ka inoa ʻōnaehana 3-hydroxybenzoate: CoA ligase (AMP-hoʻokumu) . Hoʻopili kēia enzyme i ka hopena kemika i lalo ATP + 3-hydroxybenzoate + CoA AMP + diphosphate + 3-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA
3-hydroxybenzoate — CoA ligase: 3-hydroxybenzoate-ʻO CoA ligase kahi enzyme me ka inoa ʻōnaehana 3-hydroxybenzoate: CoA ligase (AMP-hoʻokumu) . Hoʻopili kēia enzyme i ka hopena kemika i lalo ATP + 3-hydroxybenzoate + CoA AMP + diphosphate + 3-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA
3-hydroxybenzoate — CoA ligase: 3-hydroxybenzoate-ʻO CoA ligase kahi enzyme me ka inoa ʻōnaehana 3-hydroxybenzoate: CoA ligase (AMP-hoʻokumu) . Hoʻopili kēia enzyme i ka hopena kemika i lalo ATP + 3-hydroxybenzoate + CoA AMP + diphosphate + 3-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA
3-hydroxybenzoate — CoA ligase: 3-hydroxybenzoate-ʻO CoA ligase kahi enzyme me ka inoa ʻōnaehana 3-hydroxybenzoate: CoA ligase (AMP-hoʻokumu) . Hoʻopili kēia enzyme i ka hopena kemika i lalo ATP + 3-hydroxybenzoate + CoA AMP + diphosphate + 3-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA
3-hydroxybenzoate 2-monooxygenase: I loko o ka enzymology, he 3-hydroxybenzoate 2-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.99.23 ) kahi enzyme e catalyzed i ka hopena kemika 3-hydroxybenzoate + AH 2 + ʻO 2 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate + A + H 2 O
3-hydroxybenzoate 4-monooxygenase: I loko o ka enzymology, he 3-hydroxybenzoate 4-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.13.23 ) kahi enzyme e catalyzed i ka hopena kemika 3-hydroxybenzoate + NADPH + H + + O 2 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate + NADP + + H 2 O	I loko o ka enzymology, he 3-hydroxybenzoate 4-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.13.23 ) kahi enzyme e catalyzed i ka hopena kemika 3-hydroxybenzoate + NADPH + H + + O 2
3-hydroxybenzoate 6-monooxygenase: I loko o ka enzymology, he 3-hydroxybenzoate 6-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.13.24 ) kahi enzyme e catalyzed i ka hopena kemika 3-hydroxybenzoate + NADH + H + + O 2 2,5-dihydroxybenzoate + NAD + + H 2 O
3-hydroxybenzoate — CoA ligase: 3-hydroxybenzoate-ʻO CoA ligase kahi enzyme me ka inoa ʻōnaehana 3-hydroxybenzoate: CoA ligase (AMP-hoʻokumu) . Hoʻopili kēia enzyme i ka hopena kemika i lalo ATP + 3-hydroxybenzoate + CoA AMP + diphosphate + 3-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA
3-Hydroxybenzoic acid: ʻO ka 3-Hydroxybenzoic acid kahi waikawa monohydroxybenzoic.
3-hydroxybenzoate — CoA ligase: 3-hydroxybenzoate-ʻO CoA ligase kahi enzyme me ka inoa ʻōnaehana 3-hydroxybenzoate: CoA ligase (AMP-hoʻokumu) . Hoʻopili kēia enzyme i ka hopena kemika i lalo ATP + 3-hydroxybenzoate + CoA AMP + diphosphate + 3-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA
3-hydroxybenzoate — CoA ligase: 3-hydroxybenzoate-ʻO CoA ligase kahi enzyme me ka inoa ʻōnaehana 3-hydroxybenzoate: CoA ligase (AMP-hoʻokumu) . Hoʻopili kēia enzyme i ka hopena kemika i lalo ATP + 3-hydroxybenzoate + CoA AMP + diphosphate + 3-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA
3-hydroxybenzoate — CoA ligase: 3-hydroxybenzoate-ʻO CoA ligase kahi enzyme me ka inoa ʻōnaehana 3-hydroxybenzoate: CoA ligase (AMP-hoʻokumu) . Hoʻopili kēia enzyme i ka hopena kemika i lalo ATP + 3-hydroxybenzoate + CoA AMP + diphosphate + 3-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA
3-hydroxybenzyl-waiʻona dehydrogenase: I ka enzymology, he 3-hydroxybenzyl-waiʻona dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.97 ) kahi enzyme e catalyze i ka hopena kemika 3-hydroxybenzyl waiʻona + NADP + 3-hydroxybenzaldehyde + NADPH + H +
3-hydroxybenzyl-waiʻona dehydrogenase: I ka enzymology, he 3-hydroxybenzyl-waiʻona dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.97 ) kahi enzyme e catalyze i ka hopena kemika 3-hydroxybenzyl waiʻona + NADP + 3-hydroxybenzaldehyde + NADPH + H +
Acetoin — ribose-5-phosphate transaldolase: I ka enzymology, he acetoin-ribose-5-phosphate transaldolase kahi enzyme e catalyzed i ka hopena kemika 3-hydroxybutan-2-one + D-ribose 5-phosphate acetaldehyde + 1-deoxy-D-altro-heptulose 7-phosphate
3-Hydroxybutanal: ʻO 3-Hydroxybutanal ( acetaldol ) kahi aldol, kahi huahana o ka dimerization o acetaldehyde. Ua hoʻohana mua ʻia ia i ka lāʻau lapaʻau ma ke ʻano he hypnotic a sedative.
Beta-Hydroxybutyric acid: ʻO ka acid-Hydroxybutyric acid , i ʻike ʻia ʻo 3-hydroxybutyric acid , kahi hui a me kahi beta hydroxy acid me ke ʻano kemika CH 3 CH (OH) CH 2 CO 2 H; ʻO kāna kumu conjugate ʻo β-hydroxybutyrate , i ʻike ʻia ʻo 3-hydroxybutyrate . ʻO ka acid-Hydroxybutyric acid kahi hui chiral me ʻelua enantiomers: D -β-hydroxybutyric acid a me L -β-hydroxybutyric acid. Hoʻonui ākea kāna kūmole oxidized a me polymeric i ke kūlohelohe. I nā kānaka, ʻo D -β-hydroxybutyric acid kekahi o ʻelua mau agonists endogenous mua o ka hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 2 (HCA 2 ), kahi G i / o -pili ʻia ʻo G protein-i hui pū ʻia me ka receptor (GPCR).
Acetoin: ʻO Acetoin , ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo 3-hydroxybutanone a i ʻole acetyl methyl carbinol , kahi hui pū me ke ʻano CH 3 CH (OH) C (O) CH 3 . He wai kala ʻole ia me kahi onaona ʻoluʻolu, buttery. ʻO chiral ia. ʻO ke ʻano i hana ʻia e ka bacteria ( R ) -acetoin.
3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA epimerase: I ka enzymology, he 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA epimerase kahi enzyme e catalyze i ka hopena kemika (S) -3-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA (R) -3-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA
Beta-Hydroxybutyric acid: ʻO ka acid-Hydroxybutyric acid , i ʻike ʻia ʻo 3-hydroxybutyric acid , kahi hui a me kahi beta hydroxy acid me ke ʻano kemika CH 3 CH (OH) CH 2 CO 2 H; ʻO kāna kumu conjugate ʻo β-hydroxybutyrate , i ʻike ʻia ʻo 3-hydroxybutyrate . ʻO ka acid-Hydroxybutyric acid kahi hui chiral me ʻelua enantiomers: D -β-hydroxybutyric acid a me L -β-hydroxybutyric acid. Hoʻonui ākea kāna kūmole oxidized a me polymeric i ke kūlohelohe. I nā kānaka, ʻo D -β-hydroxybutyric acid kekahi o ʻelua mau agonists endogenous mua o ka hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 2 (HCA 2 ), kahi G i / o -pili ʻia ʻo G protein-i hui pū ʻia me ka receptor (GPCR).
3-Hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase: I loko o ka enzymology, 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.30 ) kahi enzyme e catalyze i ka hopena kemika: ( R ) -3-hydroxybutanoate + NAD + acetoacetate + NADH + H +
Beta-Hydroxybutyric acid: ʻO ka acid-Hydroxybutyric acid , i ʻike ʻia ʻo 3-hydroxybutyric acid , kahi hui a me kahi beta hydroxy acid me ke ʻano kemika CH 3 CH (OH) CH 2 CO 2 H; ʻO kāna kumu conjugate ʻo β-hydroxybutyrate , i ʻike ʻia ʻo 3-hydroxybutyrate . ʻO ka acid-Hydroxybutyric acid kahi hui chiral me ʻelua enantiomers: D -β-hydroxybutyric acid a me L -β-hydroxybutyric acid. Hoʻonui ākea kāna kūmole oxidized a me polymeric i ke kūlohelohe. I nā kānaka, ʻo D -β-hydroxybutyric acid kekahi o ʻelua mau agonists endogenous mua o ka hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 2 (HCA 2 ), kahi G i / o -pili ʻia ʻo G protein-i hui pū ʻia me ka receptor (GPCR).
3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydratase: I ka enzymology, he 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydratase (EC 4.2.1.55 ) kahi enzyme e catalyzed i ka hopena kemika (3R) -3-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA crotonoyl-CoA + H 2 O
3-Hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase: I ka enzymology, he 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.157 ) kahi enzyme e catalyzed i ka hopena kemika ( S ) -3-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA + NADP + 3-acetoacetyl-CoA + NADPH + H +
3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA epimerase: I ka enzymology, he 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA epimerase kahi enzyme e catalyze i ka hopena kemika (S) -3-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA (R) -3-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA
M-Coumaric acid: ʻO ka m -Coumaric acid kahi waikawa hydroxycinnamic, kahi hui kūlohelohe i loaʻa i kahi wai hydroxy derivative o ka cinnamic acid. Aia he ʻekolu isomer o ka waikawa coumaric - o -coumaric acid, m -coumaric acid, a me p -coumaric acid - ʻokoʻa i ke kūlana o ka pani hydroxy o ka hui phenyl.
3-hydroxycyclohexanone dehydrogenase: I ka enzymology, he 3-hydroxycyclohexanone dehydrogenase kahi enzyme e catalyzed i ka hopena kemika 3-hydroxycyclohexanone + meaʻae cyclohexane-1,3-dione + hoʻoliʻiliʻi acceptor
3-hydroxycyclohexanone dehydrogenase: I ka enzymology, he 3-hydroxycyclohexanone dehydrogenase kahi enzyme e catalyzed i ka hopena kemika 3-hydroxycyclohexanone + meaʻae cyclohexane-1,3-dione + hoʻoliʻiliʻi acceptor
HOCPCA: ʻO HOCPCA kahi hui me kahi pilina no ka mea loaʻa ʻo GHB 39 mau manawa i ʻoi aku ma mua o GHB ponoʻī.
3-hydroxydecanoyl- (acyl-carrier-protein) dehydratase: 3-hydroxydecanoyl- (acyl-carrier-protein) dehydratase (EC 4.2.1.60 , D-3-hydroxydecanoyl- [acyl-carrier protein] dehydratase , 3-hydroxydecanoyl-acyl carrier protein dehydrase , 3-hydroxydecanoyl-acyl carrier protein dehydratase , beta-hydroxydecanoyl thioester dehydrase , beta-hydroxydecanoate dehydrase , beta-hydroxydecanoyl thiol ester dehydrase , FabA , beta-hydroxyacyl-acyl carrier protein dehydratase , HDDase , beta-hydroxyacyl-ACP dehydrase , (3R) -3-hydroxydecan® -protein] hydro-lyase ) kahi enzyme me ka inoa ʻōnaehana (3R) -3-hydroxydecanoyl- (acyl-carrier protein) hydro-lyase . Hoʻopili kēia enzyme i ka hopena kemika i lalo (1) a (3R) -3-hydroxydecanoyl- [acyl-carrier protein] he trans-dec-2-enoyl- [acyl-carrier protein] + H 2 O (2) a (3R) -3-hydroxydecanoyl- [acyl-carrier protein] he cis-dec-3-enoyl- [acyl-carrier protein] + H 2 O	3-hydroxydecanoyl- (acyl-carrier-protein) dehydratase (EC 4.2.1.60 , D-3-hydroxydecanoyl- [acyl-carrier protein] dehydratase , 3-hydroxydecanoyl-acyl carrier protein dehydrase , 3-hydroxydecanoyl-acyl carrier protein dehydratase , beta-hydroxydecanoyl thioester dehydrase , beta-hydroxydecanoate dehydrase , beta-hydroxydecanoyl thiol ester dehydrase , FabA , beta-hydroxyacyl-acyl carrier protein dehydratase , HDDase , beta-hydroxyacyl-ACP dehydrase , (3R) -3-hydroxydecan® -protein] hydro-lyase ) kahi enzyme me ka inoa ʻōnaehana (3R) -3-hydroxydecanoyl- (acyl-carrier protein) hydro-lyase . Hoʻopili kēia enzyme i ka hopena kemika i lalo (1) a (3R) -3-hydroxydecanoyl- [acyl-carrier protein]
3-hydroxydecanoyl- (acyl-carrier-protein) dehydratase: 3-hydroxydecanoyl- (acyl-carrier-protein) dehydratase (EC 4.2.1.60 , D-3-hydroxydecanoyl- [acyl-carrier protein] dehydratase , 3-hydroxydecanoyl-acyl carrier protein dehydrase , 3-hydroxydecanoyl-acyl carrier protein dehydratase , beta-hydroxydecanoyl thioester dehydrase , beta-hydroxydecanoate dehydrase , beta-hydroxydecanoyl thiol ester dehydrase , FabA , beta-hydroxyacyl-acyl carrier protein dehydratase , HDDase , beta-hydroxyacyl-ACP dehydrase , (3R) -3-hydroxydecan® -protein] hydro-lyase ) kahi enzyme me ka inoa ʻōnaehana (3R) -3-hydroxydecanoyl- (acyl-carrier protein) hydro-lyase . Hoʻopili kēia enzyme i ka hopena kemika i lalo (1) a (3R) -3-hydroxydecanoyl- [acyl-carrier protein] he trans-dec-2-enoyl- [acyl-carrier protein] + H 2 O (2) a (3R) -3-hydroxydecanoyl- [acyl-carrier protein] he cis-dec-3-enoyl- [acyl-carrier protein] + H 2 O	3-hydroxydecanoyl- (acyl-carrier-protein) dehydratase (EC 4.2.1.60 , D-3-hydroxydecanoyl- [acyl-carrier protein] dehydratase , 3-hydroxydecanoyl-acyl carrier protein dehydrase , 3-hydroxydecanoyl-acyl carrier protein dehydratase , beta-hydroxydecanoyl thioester dehydrase , beta-hydroxydecanoate dehydrase , beta-hydroxydecanoyl thiol ester dehydrase , FabA , beta-hydroxyacyl-acyl carrier protein dehydratase , HDDase , beta-hydroxyacyl-ACP dehydrase , (3R) -3-hydroxydecan® -protein] hydro-lyase ) kahi enzyme me ka inoa ʻōnaehana (3R) -3-hydroxydecanoyl- (acyl-carrier protein) hydro-lyase . Hoʻopili kēia enzyme i ka hopena kemika i lalo (1) a (3R) -3-hydroxydecanoyl- [acyl-carrier protein]
3-hydroxydecanoyl- (acyl-carrier-protein) dehydratase: 3-hydroxydecanoyl- (acyl-carrier-protein) dehydratase (EC 4.2.1.60 , D-3-hydroxydecanoyl- [acyl-carrier protein] dehydratase , 3-hydroxydecanoyl-acyl carrier protein dehydrase , 3-hydroxydecanoyl-acyl carrier protein dehydratase , beta-hydroxydecanoyl thioester dehydrase , beta-hydroxydecanoate dehydrase , beta-hydroxydecanoyl thiol ester dehydrase , FabA , beta-hydroxyacyl-acyl carrier protein dehydratase , HDDase , beta-hydroxyacyl-ACP dehydrase , (3R) -3-hydroxydecan® -protein] hydro-lyase ) kahi enzyme me ka inoa ʻōnaehana (3R) -3-hydroxydecanoyl- (acyl-carrier protein) hydro-lyase . Hoʻopili kēia enzyme i ka hopena kemika i lalo (1) a (3R) -3-hydroxydecanoyl- [acyl-carrier protein] he trans-dec-2-enoyl- [acyl-carrier protein] + H 2 O (2) a (3R) -3-hydroxydecanoyl- [acyl-carrier protein] he cis-dec-3-enoyl- [acyl-carrier protein] + H 2 O	3-hydroxydecanoyl- (acyl-carrier-protein) dehydratase (EC 4.2.1.60 , D-3-hydroxydecanoyl- [acyl-carrier protein] dehydratase , 3-hydroxydecanoyl-acyl carrier protein dehydrase , 3-hydroxydecanoyl-acyl carrier protein dehydratase , beta-hydroxydecanoyl thioester dehydrase , beta-hydroxydecanoate dehydrase , beta-hydroxydecanoyl thiol ester dehydrase , FabA , beta-hydroxyacyl-acyl carrier protein dehydratase , HDDase , beta-hydroxyacyl-ACP dehydrase , (3R) -3-hydroxydecan® -protein] hydro-lyase ) kahi enzyme me ka inoa ʻōnaehana (3R) -3-hydroxydecanoyl- (acyl-carrier protein) hydro-lyase . Hoʻopili kēia enzyme i ka hopena kemika i lalo (1) a (3R) -3-hydroxydecanoyl- [acyl-carrier protein]
Ka papa inoa o benzodiazepines: Aia nā papa ma lalo i kahi papa inoa o nā benzodiazepines a me nā analogs benzodiazepine i kuhikuhi pinepine ʻia, me ko lākou ʻano lāʻau pharmacological, e like me ka hapalua o ke ola a me nā like like i nā benzodiazepine ʻē aʻe, i helu pū ʻia, me kā lākou inoa inoa a me nā hoʻohana mua. ʻO ka hapalua o ke ola ka lōʻihi o ka hoʻopau ʻia ʻana o ka hapalua o ka lāʻau e ke kino. ʻO ka "manawa i ka piko" e pili ana i ke kiʻekiʻe o nā lāʻau i loko o ke koko e kū ana ma hope o kahi lāʻau i hāʻawi ʻia. Hoʻokaʻawale like ʻo Benzodiazepines i nā ʻano pono lāʻau like, e like me ka trigiolytic, sedative, hypnotic, relaxant muscle skeletal, amnesic, a me nā hopena anticonvulsant. Hiki ke hoʻololi i ka mana o kekahi mau hopena i waena o nā benzodiazepines. Hana kekahi benzodiazepines i nā metabolite hana. Hana ʻia nā metabolites hana i ka wā e hoʻopili ai ke kino o ke kanaka i ka lāʻau i loko o nā pūhui e kaʻana like i ka lāʻau like me ka pilikino a me nā mea pili i ka helu ʻana i ka lōʻihi o ka hopena o ka lāʻau. Hoʻonohonoho pinepine ʻia nā benzodiazepine hana lōʻihi me nā metabolites hana lōʻihi, e like me diazepam a me chlordiazepoxide, no ka benzodiazepine a i ʻole ka haʻalele ʻana i ka ʻona a me ka hopohopo inā koi ʻia nā pae maʻa mau i ka lā holoʻokoʻa. ʻOi aku ka makemake ʻia nā benzodiazepines pōkole no ka hiamoe ma muli o kā lākou hopena hangover liʻiliʻi.
Estrone: ʻO Estrone ( E1 ), a pela pū ʻia me ka inoa oestrone , he steroid, he estrogen palupalu, a me kahi hormone wahine wahine liʻiliʻi. ʻO ia kekahi o ʻekolu estrogen nui endogenous, ʻo nā mea ʻē aʻe he estradiol a me ka estriol. Hoʻokomo ʻia ʻo Estrone, a me nā estrogens ʻē aʻe, mai ka cholesterol a hūnā nui ʻia mai nā gonad, ʻoiai hiki ke hana ʻia lākou mai nā androgens adrenal i kaʻiʻo adipose. Pili i ka estradiol, ʻoi aku ka palupalu o ka hana o ka estrone a me ka estriol. Hiki ke hoʻololi i ka Estrone i estradiol, a lawelawe nui ma ke ʻano he precursor a i ʻole metabolic intermediate o estradiol. ʻO ia ka mua a me ka metabolite o ka estradiol.
EC586: ʻO EC586 , i ʻike ʻia he testosterone 17β- (1- - L -proline) , he androgen a me ka steroid anabolic e hoʻomohala ʻia nei e Evestra no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka androgen replacement therapy i nā kāne. ʻO ia he ester androgen ester waha - kikoʻī, he C17 C sulfonamide – proline ester o ka testosterone maoli a me bioidentical androgen testosterone - a hana ma ke ʻano he prodrug o testosterone i loko o ke kino. Eia nō naʻe, ʻokoʻa ka testosterone waha a me nā esters testosterone waha waha e like me testosterone undecanoate, he mana waha kiʻekiʻe ko EC586, hiki ke loaʻa i kahi metabolism pass pass a liʻiliʻi paha, a ʻaʻohe paha e loaʻa nā hopena androgenic disproportionate i ke ake. E like me ia, loaʻa paha i kahi ʻano maikaʻi e makemake ʻia ma mua o ka testosterone waha, e like me ka testosterone makua, akā me ka maʻalahi o ka hoʻoponopono waha. Manaʻo ʻo Evestra e ʻimi i ke kūlana Investigational New Drug no EC586 i ka hapahā o ka makahiki 2018.
ʻO Flavanonol: ʻO nā flavanonols kahi papa o flavonoids e hoʻohana i ka iwi ʻaoʻao 3-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-2-phenylchromen-4-one.
3-Hydroxyflavone: ʻO 3-Hydroxyflavone kahi hui kemika . ʻO ia ka iwi hope o nā flavonol āpau, kahi ʻano flavonoid. He hui synthetic ia, ʻaʻole i loaʻa kūlohelohe i nā mea kanu. Mālama ia i kahi mole mole ke loaʻa iā ia kahi hopena intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) hoʻohauʻoli e lawelawe ma ke ʻano he fluorescent probe e hoʻopaʻa i nā membrane no ka laʻana a i ʻole nā ​​proteins intermembrane. ʻO ka hoʻokuʻu ʻōmaʻomaʻo tautomer a me ka blue-violet emission maʻamau i hoʻokumu ʻia mai ʻelua mau pae ʻāina pae ʻāina like ʻole o nā molakeke 3HF. Aia kekahi hanana i nā flavonols maoli. ʻOiai ʻo 3-hydroxyflavone ʻaneʻane insoluble i ka wai, hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia kona solubility wai e ka encapsulation i nā lua cyclodextrin.
ʻO Flavonols: ʻO Flavonols kahi papa o nā flavonoid i loaʻa i ka iwi ʻaoʻao 3-hydroxyflavone. Ko lākou ʻano ʻokoʻa mai nā kūlana like ʻole o nā hui phenolic -OH. Kūʻokoʻa lākou mai nā flavanols e like me catechin, kekahi papa o flavonoids.
3-hydroxyindolin-2-hoʻokahi monooxygenase: 3-hydroxyindolin-2-one monooxygenase (EC 1.14.13.139 , BX4 (gen) , CYP71C1 (gen) ) kahi enzyme me ka inoa ʻōnaehana 3-hydroxyindolin-2-one, NAD (P) H: oxygen oxidoreductase (2-hydroxy -2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3 (4H) -kahi-hana ʻana) . Hoʻopili kēia enzyme i ka hopena kemika i lalo 3-hydroxyindolin-2-one + NAD (P) H + H + + 2 2-hydroxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3 (4H) -one + NAD (P) + + H 2 O
3-hydroxyindolin-2-hoʻokahi monooxygenase: 3-hydroxyindolin-2-one monooxygenase (EC 1.14.13.139 , BX4 (gen) , CYP71C1 (gen) ) kahi enzyme me ka inoa ʻōnaehana 3-hydroxyindolin-2-one, NAD (P) H: oxygen oxidoreductase (2-hydroxy -2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3 (4H) -kahi-hana ʻana) . Hoʻopili kēia enzyme i ka hopena kemika i lalo 3-hydroxyindolin-2-one + NAD (P) H + H + + 2 2-hydroxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3 (4H) -one + NAD (P) + + H 2 O
3-hydroxyindolin-2-hoʻokahi monooxygenase: 3-hydroxyindolin-2-one monooxygenase (EC 1.14.13.139 , BX4 (gen) , CYP71C1 (gen) ) kahi enzyme me ka inoa ʻōnaehana 3-hydroxyindolin-2-one, NAD (P) H: oxygen oxidoreductase (2-hydroxy -2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3 (4H) -kahi-hana ʻana) . Hoʻopili kēia enzyme i ka hopena kemika i lalo 3-hydroxyindolin-2-one + NAD (P) H + H + + 2 2-hydroxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3 (4H) -one + NAD (P) + + H 2 O
3-hydroxyisobutyrate dehydrogenase: I loko o ka enzymology, kahi 3-hydroxyisobutyrate dehydrogenase i ʻike ʻia ʻo β-hydroxyisobutyrate dehydrogenase a i ʻole 3-hydroxyisobutyrate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial (HIBADH) kahi enemi i loko o nā kānaka i hoʻopili ʻia e ka ʻāpana HIBADH .
3-Hydroxyisobutyric acid: ʻO ka 3-Hydroxyisobutyric acid kahi ma waena o ka metabolism o valine .- He hui chiral kēia me ʻelua mau enantiomers, D -3-hydroxyisobutyric acid a me L -3-hydroxyisobutyric acid.
3-hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA hydrolase: I loko o ka enzymology, kahi hydrolase 3-hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA (EC 3.1.2.4 ) kahi enzyme e catalyzed i ka hopena kemika 3-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoyl-CoA + H 2 O CoA + 3-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoate
Beta-Hydroxy beta-methylbutyric acid: β-Hydroxy β-methylbutyric acid ( HMB ), a i ʻole kapa ʻia kona kumu conjugate, hydro-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate , he mea hana i hana maoli ʻia i loko o nā kānaka i hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he papaʻai meaʻai a me kahi mea hana i kekahi mau meaʻai olakino i manaʻo ʻia e hoʻolauna i ka hōʻeha ʻana i ka ʻeha a hāʻawi i ke kākoʻo olakino no ka poʻe me ka hōʻino ʻana i nā mākala ma muli o ka maʻi ʻaʻai a i ʻole HIV / AIDS. I nā mākua olakino, hōʻike ʻia ka supplementation me ka HMB e hoʻonui i ka loaʻa o ka hoʻoikaika kino i ka nui o ka mākala, ka ikaika o ka mākala, a me ka nui o ke kino wīwī, hoʻoliʻiliʻi i ka hōʻino ʻana o nā mākala skeletal mai ka hoʻoikaika kino, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana hoʻoikaika aerobic, a me ka hoʻolalelale i ke ola ʻana mai ka hoʻoikaika kino. Hōʻike nā loiloi olakino a me nā meta-analithes i ke kōkua ʻana o ka kākoʻo HMB i ka mālama a hoʻonui ʻana paha i ka nui o nā kino o ka momona a me ka ikaika o nā mākala i kēlā me kēia kanaka e ʻike nei i ka nalo ʻana o nā mākala pili i ka makahiki. Hana ka HMB i kēia mau hopena i kahi ʻāpana e ka hoʻonāukiuki ʻana i ka hana o nā protein a me ka pāpā ʻana i ka haki ʻana o nā proteins i kaʻiʻo muscle. ʻAʻole i loaʻa nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole mai ka hoʻohana wā lōʻihi ma ke ʻano he papaʻai meaʻai i nā mākua.
Beta-Hydroxy beta-methylbutyric acid: β-Hydroxy β-methylbutyric acid ( HMB ), a i ʻole kapa ʻia kona kumu conjugate, hydro-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate , he mea hana i hana maoli ʻia i loko o nā kānaka i hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he papaʻai meaʻai a me kahi mea hana i kekahi mau meaʻai olakino i manaʻo ʻia e hoʻolauna i ka hōʻeha ʻana i ka ʻeha a hāʻawi i ke kākoʻo olakino no ka poʻe me ka hōʻino ʻana i nā mākala ma muli o ka maʻi ʻaʻai a i ʻole HIV / AIDS. I nā mākua olakino, hōʻike ʻia ka supplementation me ka HMB e hoʻonui i ka loaʻa o ka hoʻoikaika kino i ka nui o ka mākala, ka ikaika o ka mākala, a me ka nui o ke kino wīwī, hoʻoliʻiliʻi i ka hōʻino ʻana o nā mākala skeletal mai ka hoʻoikaika kino, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana hoʻoikaika aerobic, a me ka hoʻolalelale i ke ola ʻana mai ka hoʻoikaika kino. Hōʻike nā loiloi olakino a me nā meta-analithes i ke kōkua ʻana o ka kākoʻo HMB i ka mālama a hoʻonui ʻana paha i ka nui o nā kino o ka momona a me ka ikaika o nā mākala i kēlā me kēia kanaka e ʻike nei i ka nalo ʻana o nā mākala pili i ka makahiki. Hana ka HMB i kēia mau hopena i kahi ʻāpana e ka hoʻonāukiuki ʻana i ka hana o nā protein a me ka pāpā ʻana i ka haki ʻana o nā proteins i kaʻiʻo muscle. ʻAʻole i loaʻa nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole mai ka hoʻohana wā lōʻihi ma ke ʻano he papaʻai meaʻai i nā mākua.
Beta-Hydroxy beta-methylbutyryl-CoA: β-Hydroxy β-methylbutyryl-coenzyme A ( HMB-CoA ), a ʻo 3-hydroxyisovaleryl-CoA hoʻi i ʻike ʻia, he metabolite o L -leucine i hana ʻia i loko o ke kino o ke kanaka. ʻO ka mea i hele mua i mua aia ka acid-hydroxy β-methylbutyric acid (HMB) a me ka β-methylcrotonoyl-CoA (MC-CoA). Hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia i loko o HMB, MC-CoA, a me HMG-CoA i nā kānaka.
3-Hydroxykynurenine: 3-Hydroxykynurenine kahi metabolite o ka tryptophan, ka mea e kānana i ke kukui UV i nā aniani kanaka. ʻO ia kekahi o nā pigment ʻelua i ʻike ʻia he kuleana no ka waihoʻoluʻu melemele o ka crab spider.
3-hydroxymethylcephem carbamoyltransferase: I loko o ka enzymology, he 3-hydroxymethylcephem carbamoyltransferase kahi ʻākena e catalyzed i ka hopena kemika carbamoyl phosphate + a 3-hydroxymethylceph-3-em-4-carboxylate phosphate + a 3-carbamoyloxymethylcephem
Indole-3-carbinol: Hana ʻia ʻo Indole-3-carbinol (C 9 H 9 NO) e ka haki ʻana o ka glukosinolate glucobrassicin, i loaʻa ma nā pae kiʻekiʻe ma nā mea kanu kolio e like me broccoli, kāpiki, cauliflower, brussels sprouts, collard greens a kale. Loaʻa iā ia i loko o nā hoʻopihapiha papaʻai. ʻO Indole-3-carbinol ke kumuhana o ka noiʻi biomedical e hele nei i loko o kāna anticarcinogenike, antioxidant, a me nā hopena anti-atherogenic. Ua alakaʻi nui ʻia ka noiʻi ʻana ma indole-3-carbinol me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā holoholona o ke keʻena hoʻokolohua a me nā ʻili moʻomeheu. Ua hōʻike ʻia kahi ʻike kanaka palena ʻole ʻia ʻole. ʻO kahi loiloi hou o nā puke noiʻi biomedical i ʻike ʻia "ʻo ka hōʻike o kahi hui kūlike ʻole ma waena o ka lawe ʻana i nā mea kanu a me ka umauma a me ka maʻi ʻaʻai prostate i loko o nā kānaka he palena a kūlike ʻole" a "pono ​​nā hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua nui ʻia e pono ai" e hoʻoholo inā supplemental indole-3-carbinol loaʻa nā pono olakino.
3-Hydroxymorphinan: 3-Hydroxymorphinan ( 3-HM ), a i ʻole morphinan-3-ol , kahi lāʻau psychoactive o ka ʻohana morphinan. ʻO ia ka ʻaoʻao lāhui i norlevorphanol.
Meta-Hydroxynorephedrine: meta -Hydroxynorephedrine a i ʻole 3-hydroxynorephedrine , ʻike ʻia ʻo 3, β-dihydroxyamphetamine , kahi lāʻau adrenergic o ka papa amphetamine i palapala ʻia ma ke ʻano he vasopressor a me ka decongestant nasal akā ʻaʻole i kūʻai ʻia. ʻO ia ke ʻano lāhui o ka metaraminol lāʻau lāʻau sympathomimetic.
3-Hydroxyoctanoic acid: ʻO ka 3-Hydroxyoctanoic acid kahi beta-hydroxy acid i hana maoli ʻia i nā kānaka, nā holoholona ʻē aʻe, a me nā mea kanu.
3-hydroxyoctanoyl- (acyl-carrier-protein) dehydratase: I loko o ka enzymology, he 3-hydroxyoctanoyl- [acyl-carrier-protein] dehydratase (EC 4.2.1.59 ) kahi enzyme e catalyzed i ka hopena kemika (3R) -3-hydroxyoctanoyl- [acyl-carrier-protein] oct-2-enoyl- [acyl-carrier-protein] + H 2 O
3-hydroxypalmitoyl- (acyl-carrier-protein) dehydratase: I loko o ka enzymology, he 3-hydroxypalmitoyl- [acyl-carrier-protein] dehydratase (EC 4.2.1.61 ) kahi ʻākena e hoʻomohala i ka hopena kemika (3R) -3-hydroxypalmitoyl- [acyl-carrier-protein] hexadec-2-enoyl- [acyl-carrier-protein] + H 2 O	I loko o ka enzymology, he 3-hydroxypalmitoyl- [acyl-carrier-protein] dehydratase (EC 4.2.1.61 ) kahi ʻākena e hoʻomohala i ka hopena kemika (3R) -3-hydroxypalmitoyl- [acyl-carrier-protein]
ʻAkika Citric: ʻO ka waikawa Citric kahi waikawa nāwaliwali i loaʻa ka mole mole C 6 H 8 O 7 . Kū maʻamau ia i nā hua citrus. I ka biochemistry, he waena waena ia i ka pōʻai acid citric, i loaʻa i ka metabolism o nā meaola aerobic āpau.
3-Hydroxypentanoic acid: 3-Hydroxypentanoic acid , a i ʻole beta-hydroxypentanoate , he 5-carbon ketone kino. Hana ʻia ia mai nā ʻaukā momona momona i ke akepaʻa a komo wikiwiki i ka lolo. Kūlike ʻole i nā kino ketone 4-carbon, 3-hydroxypentanoic acid he anaplerotic, ʻo ia hoʻi hiki ke hoʻopihapiha i ka loko wai o TCA waena waena Hoʻohana ʻia ka triglyceride triheptanoin i kahi lāʻau e hana i ka beta-hydroxypentanoate.
3-Hydroxyphenazepam: ʻO 3-Hydroxyphenazepam kahi benzodiazepine me nā ʻano hypnotic, sedative, anxiolytic, a me anticonvulsant. He metabolite hana ia o phenazepam, a me ka metabolite hana o ka benzodiazepine prodrug cinazepam. Pili i ka phenazepam, 3-hydroxyphenazepam i hōʻemi i nā waiwai myorelaxant, akā pili like ia i ka nui o nā aloha ʻē aʻe. E like me nā benzodiazepines ʻē aʻe, hana ʻo 3-hydroxyphenazepam ma ke ʻano he modulator allosteric maikaʻi o ka pūnaewele benzodiazepine o ka GABA A receptor me kahi waiwai EC 50 o 10.3 nM. Ua kūʻai ʻia aku ma ka pūnaewele ma ke ʻano he lāʻau hoʻolālā.
3-HO-PCP: 3-Hydroxyphencyclidine ( 3-HO-PCP ) kahi hoʻokaʻawale o ka papa arylcyclohexylamine e pili ana i ka phencyclidine (PCP) i kūʻai ʻia ma ka pūnaewele ma ke ʻano he lāʻau hoʻolālā.
Resorcinol: ʻO Resorcinol (a i ʻole resorcin ) kahi hui pū me ke ʻano C 6 H 4 (OH) 2 . ʻO ia kekahi o ʻekolu benzenediols isomeric, ka 1,3-isomer (a i ʻole meta -isomer). He keʻokeʻo, paʻa paʻa wai.
3-hydroxyphenylacetate 6-hydroxylase: I loko o ka enzymology, he 3-hydroxyphenylacetate 6-hydroxylase (EC 1.14.13.63 ) kahi enemi e catalyzed i ka hopena kemika 3-hydroxyphenylacetate + NAD (P) H + H + + 2 2,5-dihydroxyphenylacetate + NAD (P) + + H 2 O
3-hydroxyphenylacetate 6-hydroxylase: I loko o ka enzymology, he 3-hydroxyphenylacetate 6-hydroxylase (EC 1.14.13.63 ) kahi enemi e catalyzed i ka hopena kemika 3-hydroxyphenylacetate + NAD (P) H + H + + 2 2,5-dihydroxyphenylacetate + NAD (P) + + H 2 O
Tyrosine: ʻO L -Tyrosine a i ʻole tyrosine a i ʻole 4-hydroxyphenylalanine kekahi o nā 20 amino acid maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia e nā hunaola e synthesize i nā protein. He waikawa amino pono ʻole ia me kahi hui polar. Ka hua'ōlelo "tyrosine" mea, mai ka Greek tyrós, ke ano, me ka waiū, me ka mea i ike mua i ka 1846 ma Kelemānia chemist kekahi inoa ona av Liebig ma ke kumuʻiʻo casein mai me ka waiū. Kapa ʻia ia he tyrosyl ke kuhikuhi ʻia ma ke ʻano he hui hana a kaulahao ʻaoʻao paha. ʻOiai ke ʻano maʻamau o ka tyrosine ma ke ʻano he hydrophobic amino acid, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hydrophilic ma mua o ka phenylalanine. Hoʻopili ʻia ia e nā codons UAC a me UAU i ka elele RNA.
Meta-Hydroxynorephedrine: meta -Hydroxynorephedrine a i ʻole 3-hydroxynorephedrine , ʻike ʻia ʻo 3, β-dihydroxyamphetamine , kahi lāʻau adrenergic o ka papa amphetamine i palapala ʻia ma ke ʻano he vasopressor a me ka decongestant nasal akā ʻaʻole i kūʻai ʻia. ʻO ia ke ʻano lāhui o ka metaraminol lāʻau lāʻau sympathomimetic.
3-hydroxypimeloyl-CoA dehydrogenase: I loko o ka enzymology, he 3-hydroxypimeloyl-CoA dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.259 ) kahi enzyme e catalyzed i ka hopena kemika 3-hydroxypimeloyl-CoA + NAD + 3-oxopimeloyl-CoA + NADH + H +
3-hydroxypimeloyl-CoA dehydrogenase: I loko o ka enzymology, he 3-hydroxypimeloyl-CoA dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.259 ) kahi enzyme e catalyzed i ka hopena kemika 3-hydroxypimeloyl-CoA + NAD + 3-oxopimeloyl-CoA + NADH + H +
Progesterone 3-acetyl enol ether: ʻO Progesterone 3-acetyl enol ether , i ʻike ʻia he progesterone acetate , a ʻo 3-acetoxypregna-3,5-dien-20-one , kahi progestin i kūʻai ʻole ʻia aku. Ua hōʻike ʻia e loaʻa ka mana like i ka progesterone a me ka hydroxyprogesterone caproate i ka lāpaki endometrial carbonic anhydrase test, kahi bioassay o ka hana progestogenic. Eia hou, ua hiki ke mālama i ka hāpai ʻana i nā holoholona. Pili loa ʻo Progesterone 3-acetyl enol ether i ka quingestrone, kahi i ʻike ʻia ʻo progesterone 3-cyclopentyl enol ether a ua kūʻai ʻia ma mua ma ke ʻano he contraceptive waha.
Progesterone 3-acetyl enol ether: ʻO Progesterone 3-acetyl enol ether , i ʻike ʻia he progesterone acetate , a ʻo 3-acetoxypregna-3,5-dien-20-one , kahi progestin i kūʻai ʻole ʻia aku. Ua hōʻike ʻia e loaʻa ka mana like i ka progesterone a me ka hydroxyprogesterone caproate i ka lāpaki endometrial carbonic anhydrase test, kahi bioassay o ka hana progestogenic. Eia hou, ua hiki ke mālama i ka hāpai ʻana i nā holoholona. Pili loa ʻo Progesterone 3-acetyl enol ether i ka quingestrone, kahi i ʻike ʻia ʻo progesterone 3-cyclopentyl enol ether a ua kūʻai ʻia ma mua ma ke ʻano he contraceptive waha.
Meta-Hydroxynorephedrine: meta -Hydroxynorephedrine a i ʻole 3-hydroxynorephedrine , ʻike ʻia ʻo 3, β-dihydroxyamphetamine , kahi lāʻau adrenergic o ka papa amphetamine i palapala ʻia ma ke ʻano he vasopressor a me ka decongestant nasal akā ʻaʻole i kūʻai ʻia. ʻO ia ke ʻano lāhui o ka metaraminol lāʻau lāʻau sympathomimetic.
ʻO Reuterin: ʻO Reuterin (3-hydroxypropionaldehyde) ʻo ia ka hui kūlohelohe me ke ʻano HOCH 2 CH 2 CHO. ʻO ia kahi mole mole bifunctional, i loaʻa i nā hui hana hydroxy a me aldehyde.
3-hydroxypropionate dehydrogenase: I ka enzymology, kahi dehydrogenase 3-hydroxypropionate (EC 1.1.1.59 ) kahi enzyme e catalyzed i ka hopena kemika 3-hydroxypropanoate + NAD + 3-oxopropanoate + NADH + H +
3-Hydroxypropionic acid: ʻO 3-Hydroxypropionic acid kahi ʻakika carboxylic, kikoʻī he waikā beta hydroxy. He wai aea viscous acidic ia me ka pKa o 4.5. Hoʻomaʻemaʻe loa ia i ka wai, hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka etanol a me ka diethyl ether. Ma ka distillation, make wai ia e hana i ka waikawa acrylic, a kapa ʻia i kekahi manawa he hydracrylic acid
3-hydroxypropionyl-CoA synthase: ʻO 3-hydroxypropionyl-CoA synthase kahi enzyme me ka inoa ʻōnaehana hydroxypropionate: CoA ligase (AMP-hoʻokumu) . Hoʻopili kēia enzyme i ka hopena kemika i lalo 3-hydroxypropionate + ATP + CoA 3-hydroxypropionyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate
3-hydroxypropionate dehydrogenase (NADP +): 3-hydroxypropionate dehydrogenase (NADP + ) (EC 1.1.1.298 ) kahi enzyme me ka inoa ʻōnaehana 3-hydroxypropionate: NADP + oxidoreductase . Hoʻopili kēia enzyme i ka hopena kemika i lalo 3-hydroxypropionate + NADP + malonate semialdehyde + NADPH + H +
Paikikala 3-Hydroxypropionate: ʻO ke kaʻa paikikala 3-Hydroxypropionate , i ʻike ʻia ma ke ala he 3-Hydroxypropionate , kahi hana e ʻae ai i kekahi mau koʻohune e hana i ka 3-Hydroxypropionate e hoʻohana ana i ka carbon dioxide. Ma kēia ala CO 2 paʻa (ie hoʻohui ʻia) e ka hana o ʻelua enzyme, acetyl-CoA carboxylase a me propionyl-CoA carboxylase. Hoʻopuka kēia mau ʻenima i ka malonyl-CoA a me ( S ) -methylmalonyl-CoA . ʻO Malonyl-CoA, i kahi o nā hopena i hoʻokaʻawale hou ʻia i acetyl-CoA a me glyoxylate. Hoʻokomo ʻia ʻo Glyoxylate i loko o ka beta-methylmalyl-coA a laila hoʻokaʻawale ʻia, ma o ke kaʻina o nā hopena e hoʻokuʻu i ka pyruvate a me ka acetate, i hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻopiha hou i ka pōʻaiapuni. Ua hōʻike ʻia kēia ala i Chloroflexus , kahi bacteri photosynthetic nonsulfur, eia naʻe ke hōʻike nei nā noiʻi ʻē aʻe e hoʻohana ʻia ana ka pailaka 3-hydroxypropionate e kekahi mau chemotrophic archaea.
3-hydroxypropionate dehydrogenase: I ka enzymology, kahi dehydrogenase 3-hydroxypropionate (EC 1.1.1.59 ) kahi enzyme e catalyzed i ka hopena kemika 3-hydroxypropanoate + NAD + 3-oxopropanoate + NADH + H +
3-hydroxypropionate dehydrogenase (NADP +): 3-hydroxypropionate dehydrogenase (NADP + ) (EC 1.1.1.298 ) kahi enzyme me ka inoa ʻōnaehana 3-hydroxypropionate: NADP + oxidoreductase . Hoʻopili kēia enzyme i ka hopena kemika i lalo 3-hydroxypropionate + NADP + malonate semialdehyde + NADPH + H +
3-Hydroxypropionic acid: ʻO 3-Hydroxypropionic acid kahi ʻakika carboxylic, kikoʻī he waikā beta hydroxy. He wai aea viscous acidic ia me ka pKa o 4.5. Hoʻomaʻemaʻe loa ia i ka wai, hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka etanol a me ka diethyl ether. Ma ka distillation, make wai ia e hana i ka waikawa acrylic, a kapa ʻia i kekahi manawa he hydracrylic acid
3-hydroxypropionyl-CoA dehydratase: ʻO 3-hydroxypropionyl-CoA dehydratase (EC 4.2.1.116 ) kahi enzyme me ka inoa ʻōnaehana 3-hydroxypropionyl-CoA hydro-lyase . Hoʻopili kēia enzyme i ka hopena kemika i lalo 3-hydroxypropanoyl-CoA acrylyl-CoA + H 2 O
3-hydroxypropionyl-CoA dehydratase: ʻO 3-hydroxypropionyl-CoA dehydratase (EC 4.2.1.116 ) kahi enzyme me ka inoa ʻōnaehana 3-hydroxypropionyl-CoA hydro-lyase . Hoʻopili kēia enzyme i ka hopena kemika i lalo 3-hydroxypropanoyl-CoA acrylyl-CoA + H 2 O
3-hydroxypropionyl-CoA synthase: ʻO 3-hydroxypropionyl-CoA synthase kahi enzyme me ka inoa ʻōnaehana hydroxypropionate: CoA ligase (AMP-hoʻokumu) . Hoʻopili kēia enzyme i ka hopena kemika i lalo 3-hydroxypropionate + ATP + CoA 3-hydroxypropionyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate
3-hydroxypropionyl-CoA synthase: ʻO 3-hydroxypropionyl-CoA synthase kahi enzyme me ka inoa ʻōnaehana hydroxypropionate: CoA ligase (AMP-hoʻokumu) . Hoʻopili kēia enzyme i ka hopena kemika i lalo 3-hydroxypropionate + ATP + CoA 3-hydroxypropionyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate
ʻO Glycidol: ʻO Glycidol kahi hui kūpona i loaʻa i nā hui hana epoxide a me ka waiʻona. ʻOiai he bifunctional, he ʻano ʻokoʻa o nā hana ʻoihana. ʻO ka hui kahi wai viscous liʻiliʻi i kūpaʻa iki a ʻaʻole pinepine pinepine ʻia i ke ʻano maʻemaʻe.
3-Hydroxypicolinic acid: ʻO ka 3-Hydroxy picolinic acid kahi kūmole acid picolinic a he lālā ia o ka ʻohana pyridine. Hoʻohana ʻia ia ma ke ʻano he moʻo no nā nucleotides ma nā anamanaʻo spectrometry MALDI.
3-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase: 3-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase ( 3-HSD ) hiki ke kuhikuhi iā: 3α-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3α-HSD) 3β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD)
3-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase: 3-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase ( 3-HSD ) hiki ke kuhikuhi iā: 3α-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3α-HSD) 3β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD)
ʻO Droloxifene: ʻO Droloxifene , i ʻike ʻia ʻo 3-hydroxytamoxifen , he modulator receptor estrogen koho ʻona (SERM) o ka hui triphenylethylene i hoʻomohala ʻia ma Kelemania a ma hope ma Iapana no ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma, osteoporosis i loko o nā kāne a me nā wahine postmenopausal, a me nā maʻi puʻuwai. akā ua haʻalele ʻia a kūʻai ʻole ʻia. Ua hōʻea i ka pae II a me ka pae III nā hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua no kēia mau hōʻailona ma mua o ka hoʻopau ʻia ʻana o ka hoʻomohala ʻana ma 2000. Ua ʻike ʻia ka lāʻau i ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o ka tamoxifen i ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma i ʻelua mau hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua III.
M-Cresol: ʻo meta -Cresol , a ʻo 3-methylphenol , kahi hui pū me ke ʻano CH 3 C 6 H 4 (OH). He wai kala ʻole ia, viscous i hoʻohana ʻia ma waena ma ka hana o nā kemika ʻē aʻe. He derivative ia o phenol a he isomer o p -cresol a me o -cresol .
ʻO Dopamine: ʻO Dopamine kahi neurotransmitter e hana i nā kuleana nui i ka lolo a me ke kino. He kemikaola ia o ka catecholamine a me nā ʻohana phenethylamine. ʻO Dopamine kahi 80% o ka maʻi catecholamine i ka lolo. He amine synthesized ia e ka lawe ʻana i kahi hui carboxyl mai kahi mole o kāna kemikū mua, ʻo L-DOPA, i synthesize ʻia i ka lolo a me nā puʻupaʻa. Hoʻokomo pū ʻia ʻo Dopamine i nā mea kanu a me ka hapa nui o nā holoholona. I ka lolo, hana ka dopamine ma ke ʻano he neurotransmitter - kahi kemika i hoʻokuʻu ʻia e nā neurons e hoʻouna i nā hōʻailona i nā hunaola ʻē aʻe. Hoʻopili ka lolo i nā ala dopamine ʻokoʻa, kahi o kekahi e hana nui i ka ʻāpana hoʻoikaika o ka hana hoʻowalewale uku. ʻO ka kakali o ka nui o nā ʻano makana e hoʻonui ai i ka kiʻekiʻe o ka dopamine i ka lolo, a he nui nā lāʻau hoʻowalewale e hoʻonui i ka hoʻokuʻu o ka dopamine a i ʻole ālai i kāna kiʻi hou ʻana i nā neurons ma hope o ka hoʻokuʻu. Hoʻopili nā ala dopamine lolo ʻē aʻe i ka kaʻa kaʻa a i ka kaohi ʻana i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o nā hormones like ʻole. Kūkulu kēia mau alahele a me nā hui pūnaewele i kahi ʻōnaehana dopamine ʻo neuromodulatory ia.
Hydroxytyrosol: ʻO ka Hydroxytyrosol kahi phenylethanoid, kahi ʻano o ka phenolic phytochemical phenolic me nā waiwai antioxidant i vitro. I ke kūlohelohe, loaʻa ka hydroxytyrosol i ka lau ʻoliva a me ka aila ʻoliva, ma ke ʻano o kona elenolic acid ester oleuropein a, keu hoʻi ma hope o ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa, i kona ʻano maʻamau.
ʻO Urolithin B: ʻO Urolithin B kahi urolithin, kahi ʻano o nā pūhui phenolic i hana ʻia i loko o ka ʻōpū o ke kanaka ma hope o ka lawe ʻia ʻana o nā meaʻai ellagitannins e like me ka pomegranate, strawberry, raspberry ʻulaʻula, nā walnuts a i ʻole ka ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula. ʻIke ʻia ʻo Urolithin B i ka mimi ma ke ʻano o ka urolithin B glucuronide.
3-Hydroxypentanoic acid: 3-Hydroxypentanoic acid , a i ʻole beta-hydroxypentanoate , he 5-carbon ketone kino. Hana ʻia ia mai nā ʻaukā momona momona i ke akepaʻa a komo wikiwiki i ka lolo. Kūlike ʻole i nā kino ketone 4-carbon, 3-hydroxypentanoic acid he anaplerotic, ʻo ia hoʻi hiki ke hoʻopihapiha i ka loko wai o TCA waena waena Hoʻohana ʻia ka triglyceride triheptanoin i kahi lāʻau e hana i ka beta-hydroxypentanoate.