3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine oxidative deaminase, Stizolobinate synthase, Stizolobate synthase

3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine oxidative deaminase: 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine oxidative deaminase (EC 1.13.12.15 , 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine: oxidative deaminase , oxidative deaminase , DOPA oxidative deaminase , DOPAODA ) kahi enzyme me ka inoa ʻōnaehana 3,4-dihydroxy -ine -ine : oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating) . Hoʻopili kēia enzyme i ka hopena kemika i lalo 2 L-dopa + ʻO 2 2 3,4-dihydroxyphenylpyruvate + 2 NH 3
ʻO Stizolobinate synthase: I ka enzymology, kahi stizolobinate synthase (EC 1.13.11.30 ) kahi enzyme e catalyze i ka hopena kemika 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + O 2 5- (L-alanin-3-yl) -2-hydroxy-cis, cis-muconate 6-semialdehyde
Stizolobate synthase: I ka enzymology, kahi stizolobate synthase (EC 1.13.11.29 ) kahi enzyme e catalyzed i ka hopena kemika 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + O 2 4 (L-alanin-3-yl) -2-hydroxy-cis, cis-muconate 6-semialdehyde
3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine oxidative deaminase: 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine oxidative deaminase (EC 1.13.12.15 , 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine: oxidative deaminase , oxidative deaminase , DOPA oxidative deaminase , DOPAODA ) kahi enzyme me ka inoa ʻōnaehana 3,4-dihydroxy -ine -ine : oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating) . Hoʻopili kēia enzyme i ka hopena kemika i lalo 2 L-dopa + ʻO 2 2 3,4-dihydroxyphenylpyruvate + 2 NH 3
3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine reductive deaminase: 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine reductive deaminase (EC 4.3.1.22 , reductive deaminase , DOPA-reductive deaminase , DOPARDA ) kahi enzyme me ka inoa ʻōnaehana 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (3,4-dihydroxyphenylpropanoate-form) . Hoʻopili kēia enzyme i ka hopena kemika i lalo L-dopa + 2 NADH 3,4-dihydroxyphenylpropanoate + 2 NAD + + NH 3
3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine reductive deaminase: 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine reductive deaminase (EC 4.3.1.22 , reductive deaminase , DOPA-reductive deaminase , DOPARDA ) kahi enzyme me ka inoa ʻōnaehana 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (3,4-dihydroxyphenylpropanoate-form) . Hoʻopili kēia enzyme i ka hopena kemika i lalo L-dopa + 2 NADH 3,4-dihydroxyphenylpropanoate + 2 NAD + + NH 3
Dihydroxyphenylalanine amonia-lyase: I ka enzymology, he dihydroxyphenylalanine amonia-lyase (EC 4.3.1.11 , holoi ʻia ke komo) kahi ʻenemi kū ʻole e catalyze i ka hopena kemika 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine trans-caffeate + NH 3
ʻAkika Caffeic: ʻO ka waikawa Caffeic kahi hui kūmole i hoʻonohonoho ʻia ma ke ʻano he hydroxycinnamic acid. Aia kēia melemele paʻa i nā hui phenolic a me acrylic. Loaʻa ia i nā mea kanu āpau no ka mea he kikowaena waena ia i ka biosynthesis o lignin, kekahi o nā mea nui o ka lāʻau biomass mea kanu a me nā koena.
Caffeate 3,4-dioxygenase: Caffeate 3,4-dioxygenase (EC 1.13.11.22 ) kahi enzyme e catalyze i ka hopena kemika 3,4-dihydroxy- trans -cinnamate + O 2 3- (2-carboxyethenyl) - cis , cis -muconate
Alpha-Methyldopamine: α-Methyldopamine ( α-Me-DA ), i ʻike ʻia he 3,4-dihydroxyamphetamine , kahi kemika noiʻi o ka catecholamine a me nā papa kemikala amphetamine. ʻO kāna bis-glutathionyl metabolite he neurotoxic iki ke hoʻopili pono ʻia i loko o ka ventricle o ka lolo.
Protocatechuic aldehyde: ʻO Protocatechuic aldehyde kahi phenolic aldehyde, kahi hui i hoʻokuʻu ʻia mai nā pani cork i ka waina.
ʻO Protocatechuic acid: ʻO ka Protocatechuic acid ( PCA ) kahi dihydroxybenzoic acid, kahi ʻano o ka phenolic acid. He metabolite nui ia o nā polyphenols antioxidant i loaʻa i ka tī ʻōmaʻomaʻo. Loaʻa nā hopena i hoʻopili ʻia i nā hunaola maʻamau a me nā maʻi ʻaʻai ma in vitro a me nā noiʻi vivo .
Protocatechuate decarboxylase: I loko o ka enzymology, kahi protokolechuate decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.63 ) kahi enzyme e catalyzed i ka hopena kemika 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate catechol + CO 2
ʻO Protocatechuic acid: ʻO ka Protocatechuic acid ( PCA ) kahi dihydroxybenzoic acid, kahi ʻano o ka phenolic acid. He metabolite nui ia o nā polyphenols antioxidant i loaʻa i ka tī ʻōmaʻomaʻo. Loaʻa nā hopena i hoʻopili ʻia i nā hunaola maʻamau a me nā maʻi ʻaʻai ma in vitro a me nā noiʻi vivo .
ʻO Ethyl protocatechuate: ʻO Ethyl protocatechuate kahi hui phenolic. Hiki ke loaʻa ma ka testa hua peanut. Aia pū kekahi i ka waina. ʻO ia ka ester ethylic o ka waikawa protocatechuic.
Kahe aldehyde: ʻO Caffeic aldehyde kahi aldehyde phenolic i loko o nā ʻanoʻano o Phytolacca americana .
ʻAkika Caffeic: ʻO ka waikawa Caffeic kahi hui kūmole i hoʻonohonoho ʻia ma ke ʻano he hydroxycinnamic acid. Aia kēia melemele paʻa i nā hui phenolic a me acrylic. Loaʻa ia i nā mea kanu āpau no ka mea he kikowaena waena ia i ka biosynthesis o lignin, kekahi o nā mea nui o ka lāʻau biomass mea kanu a me nā koena.
Homoisoflavonoid: ʻO Homoisoflavonoids (3-benzylidenechroman-4-ones) kekahi ʻano o nā pūhui phenolic e kū maoli i nā mea kanu.
ʻO Dopamine: ʻO Dopamine kahi neurotransmitter e hana i nā kuleana nui i ka lolo a me ke kino. He kemikaola ia o ka catecholamine a me nā ʻohana phenethylamine. ʻO Dopamine kahi 80% o ka maʻi catecholamine i ka lolo. He amine synthesized ia e ka lawe ʻana i kahi hui carboxyl mai kahi mole o kāna kemikū mua, ʻo L-DOPA, i synthesize ʻia i ka lolo a me nā puʻupaʻa. Hoʻokomo pū ʻia ʻo Dopamine i nā mea kanu a me ka hapa nui o nā holoholona. I ka lolo, hana ka dopamine ma ke ʻano he neurotransmitter - kahi kemika i hoʻokuʻu ʻia e nā neurons e hoʻouna i nā hōʻailona i nā hunaola ʻē aʻe. Hoʻopili ka lolo i nā ala dopamine ʻokoʻa, kahi o kekahi e hana nui i ka ʻāpana hoʻoikaika o ka hana hoʻowalewale uku. ʻO ka kakali o ka nui o nā ʻano makana e hoʻonui ai i ka kiʻekiʻe o ka dopamine i ka lolo, a he nui nā lāʻau hoʻowalewale e hoʻonui i ka hoʻokuʻu o ka dopamine a i ʻole ālai i kāna kiʻi hou ʻana i nā neurons ma hope o ka hoʻokuʻu. Hoʻopili nā ala dopamine lolo ʻē aʻe i ka kaʻa kaʻa a i ka kaohi ʻana i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o nā hormones like ʻole. Kūkulu kēia mau alahele a me nā hui pūnaewele i kahi ʻōnaehana dopamine ʻo neuromodulatory ia.
Hydroxytyrosol: ʻO ka Hydroxytyrosol kahi phenylethanoid, kahi ʻano o ka phenolic phytochemical phenolic me nā waiwai antioxidant i vitro. I ke kūlohelohe, loaʻa ka hydroxytyrosol i ka lau ʻoliva a me ka aila ʻoliva, ma ke ʻano o kona elenolic acid ester oleuropein a, keu hoʻi ma hope o ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa, i kona ʻano maʻamau.
ʻAkika Rosmarinic: ʻO Rosmarinic acid kahi hui kemika i loaʻa i nā ʻano mea kanu. Ua ʻike ʻia e hōʻike i ka hopena photoprotective e kūʻē i ka ultraviolet C (UVC) pōʻino ke nānā ʻia i ka vitro .
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde: 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde ( DOPAL ) kahi metabolite nui o ka nui neurotransmitter dopamine. Hele nā ​​metabolism enzymatic a pau o ka dopamine i nā neurons ma o DOPAL. Wahi a ka "kuhiakau catecholaldehyde," he kuleana ko DOPAL i ka maʻi pathogenesis o ka maʻi o Parkinson. Ua hana kemika ʻia ʻo DOPAL. Hoʻomaʻemaʻe nui ʻia ʻo DOPAL e aldehyde dehydrogenase.
3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetate 2,3-dioxygenase: I loko o ka enzymology, he 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetate 2,3-dioxygenase (EC 1.13.11.15 ) kahi enzyme e catalyze i ka hopena kemika 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetate + O 2 2-hydroxy-5-carboxymethylmuconate semialdehyde
3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetate 2,3-dioxygenase: I loko o ka enzymology, he 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetate 2,3-dioxygenase (EC 1.13.11.15 ) kahi enzyme e catalyze i ka hopena kemika 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetate + O 2 2-hydroxy-5-carboxymethylmuconate semialdehyde
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic acid: 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic acid ( DOPAC ) kahi metabolite o ka neurotransmitter dopamine. Hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia ka Dopamine i hoʻokahi o nā mea ʻekolu. ʻO DOPAC kekahi o ia ʻano waiwai. ʻO kekahi he 3-methoxytyramine (3-MT). Hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia kēia mau mea ʻelua e hana i ka waikawa homovanillic (HVA). Hoʻopili nā hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻelua i nā ʻenemona monoamine oxidase (MAO) a me catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT), ʻoiai ma ke kaʻina huli hope: MAO catalyzed dopamine i DOPAC, a me COMT catalyzed DOPAC iā HVA; ʻoiai ʻo COMT catalyzed dopamine i 3-MT a me MAO catalyze 3-MT i ka HVA. ʻO ke kolu o ka hopena-metabolic hopena o ka dopamine norepinephrine (noradrenaline).
3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetate 2,3-dioxygenase: I loko o ka enzymology, he 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetate 2,3-dioxygenase (EC 1.13.11.15 ) kahi enzyme e catalyze i ka hopena kemika 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetate + O 2 2-hydroxy-5-carboxymethylmuconate semialdehyde
L-DOPA: l -DOPA , i kapa ʻia ʻo levodopa a me l -3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine , kahi amino acid i hana ʻia a hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he biology o nā kānaka, a me kekahi mau holoholona a me nā mea kanu. ʻO nā kānaka, a me kahi ʻāpana o nā holoholona ʻē aʻe e hoʻohana l -DOPA i kā lākou biology, hana iā ia ma o ka biosynthesis mai ka amino acid l -tyrosine . l -DOPA ʻo ia ka mua o ka neurotransmitters dopamine, norepinephrine (noradrenaline), a me ka epinephrine (adrenaline), kahi i ʻike like ʻia me catecholamines. Eia kekahi, l -DOPA ponoʻī i waena i ka neurotrophic factor hoʻokuʻu ʻia e ka lolo a me CNS. l -DOPA hiki ke hana a ma kona ʻano maʻemaʻe e kūʻai ʻia ma ke ʻano he lāʻau psychoactive me ka INN levodopa; ʻO nā inoa kālepa ʻo Sinemet, Pharmacopa, Atamet, a me Stalevo. Ma ke ʻano he lāʻau, hoʻohana ʻia ia i ka lāʻau lapaʻau o ka maʻi o Parkinson a me dystonia pane pane-pane.
3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine oxidative deaminase: 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine oxidative deaminase (EC 1.13.12.15 , 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine: oxidative deaminase , oxidative deaminase , DOPA oxidative deaminase , DOPAODA ) kahi enzyme me ka inoa ʻōnaehana 3,4-dihydroxy -ine -ine : oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating) . Hoʻopili kēia enzyme i ka hopena kemika i lalo 2 L-dopa + ʻO 2 2 3,4-dihydroxyphenylpyruvate + 2 NH 3
3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine reductive deaminase: 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine reductive deaminase (EC 4.3.1.22 , reductive deaminase , DOPA-reductive deaminase , DOPARDA ) kahi enzyme me ka inoa ʻōnaehana 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (3,4-dihydroxyphenylpropanoate-form) . Hoʻopili kēia enzyme i ka hopena kemika i lalo L-dopa + 2 NADH 3,4-dihydroxyphenylpropanoate + 2 NAD + + NH 3
Hydroxytyrosol: ʻO ka Hydroxytyrosol kahi phenylethanoid, kahi ʻano o ka phenolic phytochemical phenolic me nā waiwai antioxidant i vitro. I ke kūlohelohe, loaʻa ka hydroxytyrosol i ka lau ʻoliva a me ka aila ʻoliva, ma ke ʻano o kona elenolic acid ester oleuropein a, keu hoʻi ma hope o ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa, i kona ʻano maʻamau.
3-Methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol: 3-Methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol kahi metabolite o ka norepinephrine degradation. I ka lolo, ʻo ia ka metabolite norepinephrine nui. Hoʻokuʻu ʻia i loko o ke koko a me ka wai cerebrospinal, a me kahi laʻana o ke koko o ia mea he hōʻailona paha ia o ka hana ʻōnaehana ʻōnaehana.
3,4-dihydroxyphthalate decarboxylase: I ka enzymology, he 3,4-dihydroxyphthalate decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.69 ) kahi enzyme e catalyze i ka hopena kemika 3,4-dihydroxyphthalate 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate + CO 2
3,4-dihydroxyphthalate decarboxylase: I ka enzymology, he 3,4-dihydroxyphthalate decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.69 ) kahi enzyme e catalyze i ka hopena kemika 3,4-dihydroxyphthalate 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate + CO 2
3,4-Dihydroxystyrene: 3,4-Dihydroxystyrene ( DHS ) kahi mea hana i waena o ka enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase (PH). ʻAʻohe paha nā DHS a me nā mea hoʻopaʻa PH ʻē aʻe i nā noi olakino ma muli o kā lākou hiki no ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka hyperphenylalaninemia a me ka phenylketonuria.
4-Methylcatechol: 4-Methylcatechol kahi hui kemika . He mahele o ka castoreum, ka exudate mai nā ʻeke castor o ka beaver makua.
DME (psychedelic): ʻO DME ( 3,4-dimethoxy-beta-hydroxyphenethylamine ) kahi lāʻau psychedelic i ʻike liʻiliʻi ʻia. ʻO ia ka beta-hydroxy derivative o 3,4-dimethoxyphenethylamine. Ua hana mua ʻia ʻo DME e Alexander Shulgin. I loko o kāna puke PiHKAL , helu ʻia ka mahele palena iki e like me 115 mg, a me ka lōʻihi ʻike ʻole ʻia. Hana ka DME i mau mea ʻole a i ʻole nā ​​hopena. Aia nā ʻikepili liʻiliʻi loa e pili ana i nā waiwai lāʻau, metabolism, a me nā mea ʻino o DME.
ʻO Drotebanol: ʻO Drotebanol ( Oxymethebanol ) kahi mea nui i hana ʻia ma ke ʻano he agonist opioid. Ua invented e Sankyo Company ma Iapana i nā makahiki 1970. Hoʻokomo ʻia ia mai ka thebaine.
Metaescaline: ʻO Metaescaline ( 3,4-dimethoxy-5-ethoxyphenethylamine ) kahi lāʻau psychedelic liʻiliʻi i ʻike ʻia. He analog ia o ka mescaline. Ua hana mua ʻia ʻo Metaescaline e Alexander Shulgin. I kāna puke PiHKAL , helu ʻia ka laulā o ke ana ma ke ʻano he 200-350 mg, a ʻo ka lōʻihi i helu ʻia ma nā hola 8-12. Hana ʻo Metaescaline i nā ʻike noʻonoʻo, entactogenic, MDMA e like me nā hopena, a me TOMSO e like me ka hoʻoulu ʻana. Aia kahi ʻikepili liʻiliʻi e pili ana i nā lāʻau pharmacological, metabolism, a me nā mea ʻino o nā metaescaline, ʻoiai ua aʻo ʻia ʻia i kahi palena palena ʻia i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana me nā mea hoʻohui like.
DME (psychedelic): ʻO DME ( 3,4-dimethoxy-beta-hydroxyphenethylamine ) kahi lāʻau psychedelic i ʻike liʻiliʻi ʻia. ʻO ia ka beta-hydroxy derivative o 3,4-dimethoxyphenethylamine. Ua hana mua ʻia ʻo DME e Alexander Shulgin. I loko o kāna puke PiHKAL , helu ʻia ka mahele palena iki e like me 115 mg, a me ka lōʻihi ʻike ʻole ʻia. Hana ka DME i mau mea ʻole a i ʻole nā ​​hopena. Aia nā ʻikepili liʻiliʻi loa e pili ana i nā waiwai lāʻau, metabolism, a me nā mea ʻino o DME.
ʻO Veratraldehyde: ʻO Veratraldehyde ( 3,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde ) kahi hui kūlohelohe e hoʻohana ākea ʻia e like me kahi mea ʻala a ʻala. Pili ka pilina i ka benzaldehyde.
3,4-Dimethoxycinnamic acid: ʻO ka 3,4-Dimethoxycinnamic acid kahi hua kai acid cinivic i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia mai nā pīpī kope.
Nudol: ʻO Nudol kahi phenanthrenoid o nā orchids Eulophia nuda , Eria carinata , Eria stricta a me Maxillaria densa .
3,4-Dimethoxyphenethylamine: 3,4-Dimethoxyphenethylamine ( DMPEA ) kahi hui kemika o ka papa phenethylamine. He analogue ia o ka nui nui o ke kanaka neurotransmitter dopamine kahi o 3 a me 4-kūlana hydroxy pūʻulu i hoʻololi ʻia me nā hui methoxy. Pili loa ia i ka mescaline ʻo 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenethylamine.
3,4-Dimethoxystyrene: 3,4-Dimethoxystyrene ( vinylveratrole ) kahi hui ʻokanika ʻaʻala . ʻO kahi wai aila melemele me ka ʻala pua ʻoluʻolu. ʻO ka maʻamau, hoʻolako ʻia ia me 1-2% o ka hydroquinone ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻohui e pale aku ai i ka hoʻowali ʻana o ka hui.
ʻO Ganesha (psychedelic): ʻO Ganesha ( 2,5-dimethoxy-3,4-dimethylamphetamine ) kahi lāʻau psychedelic kaulana ʻole ʻia. ʻO ia kekahi amphetamine pani. Ua hana mua ʻia e Alexander Shulgin. I loko o kāna puke PiHKAL , helu ʻia ka pae o ke ana ma ke ʻano he 24-32 mg. Lawe waha ʻia ka lāʻau, ʻoiai nā ala ʻē aʻe e like me ka pololei. Hoʻokomo ʻia ʻo Ganesha mai 2,5-dimethoxy-3,4-dimethylbenzaldehyde. ʻO Ganesha ka analog amphetamine o 2C-G. He lāʻau lapaʻau lōʻihi loa ia, me ka lōʻihi i helu ʻia ma PiHKAL ma ke ʻano he 18-24 mau hola, i makemake ʻole ʻia e kekahi mea hoʻohana. Ua kapa ʻia ka inoa ma hope o ke akua Hindu, ʻo Ganesha. ʻAʻole ʻike iki ʻia e pili ana i nā pilikia a i ʻole ka ʻino o ka ganesha. Nā hopena o ka ganesha: Nā ʻike maka paʻa paʻa Hoʻonui ʻia ka mahalo i ke mele Hoʻomaha hoʻomaha a me ka maluhia
2C-G: ʻO 2C-G kahi phenethylamine psychedelic o ka ʻohana 2C. Hana mua ʻia e Alexander Shulgin, hoʻohana ʻia ia i kekahi manawa me he entheogen. Loaʻa iā ia nā hanana a me nā lāʻau pharmacodynamic e like me 2C-D a me Ganesha. E like me ka nui o nā phenethylamines ma PiHKAL , 2C-G a me nā homolog i lawe wale ʻia e Shulgin a me kahi hui hoʻāʻo liʻiliʻi, e paʻakikī ana e hōʻoia i ka piha ke wehewehe ʻana i nā hopena.
3,4-Divanillyltetrahydrofuran: 3,4-Divanillyltetrahydrofuran kahi lignan i loaʻa i kahi Urtica dioica subspecies. Hiki ke loaʻa kēia hui like i loko o nā kumuwaiwai ulu lignan e like me Linum usitatissimum .
EDMA: 3,4-Ethylenedioxy- N -methylamphetamine ( EDMA ) kahi lāʻau entactogen o ka papa methamphetamine. ʻO ia kahi analogue o MDMA kahi i hoʻololi ʻia ai ke apo methylenedioxy e kahi apo ehellenedioxy. Ua hana mua ʻia ʻo EDMA e Alexander Shulgin. I loko o kāna puke PiHKAL , helu ʻia ke ana ma ke ʻano he 150-250 mg, a ʻo ka lōʻihi e like me 3-5 mau hola. Wahi a Shulgin, hoʻopuka ʻo EDMA i kahi paepae kūlohelohe e pili ana i nā paresthesia, nystagmus, a me nā kiʻi hypnogogic, me nā mea ʻē aʻe i nā hopena ʻē aʻe. Ua hōʻike ʻia kahi noiʻi ʻepekema e hana ana ʻo EDMA ma ke ʻano he serotonin non-neurotoxic hoʻokuʻu hoʻokuʻu aku me ka hoʻemi haʻahaʻa i ka mana e pili ana iā MDMA, a me nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole ma ka hoʻokuʻu dopamine.
EDMA: 3,4-Ethylenedioxy- N -methylamphetamine ( EDMA ) kahi lāʻau entactogen o ka papa methamphetamine. ʻO ia kahi analogue o MDMA kahi i hoʻololi ʻia ai ke apo methylenedioxy e kahi apo ehellenedioxy. Ua hana mua ʻia ʻo EDMA e Alexander Shulgin. I loko o kāna puke PiHKAL , helu ʻia ke ana ma ke ʻano he 150-250 mg, a ʻo ka lōʻihi e like me 3-5 mau hola. Wahi a Shulgin, hoʻopuka ʻo EDMA i kahi paepae kūlohelohe e pili ana i nā paresthesia, nystagmus, a me nā kiʻi hypnogogic, me nā mea ʻē aʻe i nā hopena ʻē aʻe. Ua hōʻike ʻia kahi noiʻi ʻepekema e hana ana ʻo EDMA ma ke ʻano he serotonin non-neurotoxic hoʻokuʻu hoʻokuʻu aku me ka hoʻemi haʻahaʻa i ka mana e pili ana iā MDMA, a me nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole ma ka hoʻokuʻu dopamine.
3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene: ʻO 3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) ka hui organosulfur me ka mana C 2 H 4 O 2 C 4 H 2 S. Aia ka mole i ka thiophene, i pani ʻia ma nā kūlana 3 a me 4 me kahi ʻāpana ethylene glycolyl. He wai viscous kala ʻole ia.
EDMA: 3,4-Ethylenedioxy- N -methylamphetamine ( EDMA ) kahi lāʻau entactogen o ka papa methamphetamine. ʻO ia kahi analogue o MDMA kahi i hoʻololi ʻia ai ke apo methylenedioxy e kahi apo ehellenedioxy. Ua hana mua ʻia ʻo EDMA e Alexander Shulgin. I loko o kāna puke PiHKAL , helu ʻia ke ana ma ke ʻano he 150-250 mg, a ʻo ka lōʻihi e like me 3-5 mau hola. Wahi a Shulgin, hoʻopuka ʻo EDMA i kahi paepae kūlohelohe e pili ana i nā paresthesia, nystagmus, a me nā kiʻi hypnogogic, me nā mea ʻē aʻe i nā hopena ʻē aʻe. Ua hōʻike ʻia kahi noiʻi ʻepekema e hana ana ʻo EDMA ma ke ʻano he serotonin non-neurotoxic hoʻokuʻu hoʻokuʻu aku me ka hoʻemi haʻahaʻa i ka mana e pili ana iā MDMA, a me nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole ma ka hoʻokuʻu dopamine.
EDMA: 3,4-Ethylenedioxy- N -methylamphetamine ( EDMA ) kahi lāʻau entactogen o ka papa methamphetamine. ʻO ia kahi analogue o MDMA kahi i hoʻololi ʻia ai ke apo methylenedioxy e kahi apo ehellenedioxy. Ua hana mua ʻia ʻo EDMA e Alexander Shulgin. I loko o kāna puke PiHKAL , helu ʻia ke ana ma ke ʻano he 150-250 mg, a ʻo ka lōʻihi e like me 3-5 mau hola. Wahi a Shulgin, hoʻopuka ʻo EDMA i kahi paepae kūlohelohe e pili ana i nā paresthesia, nystagmus, a me nā kiʻi hypnogogic, me nā mea ʻē aʻe i nā hopena ʻē aʻe. Ua hōʻike ʻia kahi noiʻi ʻepekema e hana ana ʻo EDMA ma ke ʻano he serotonin non-neurotoxic hoʻokuʻu hoʻokuʻu aku me ka hoʻemi haʻahaʻa i ka mana e pili ana iā MDMA, a me nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole ma ka hoʻokuʻu dopamine.
3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene: ʻO 3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) ka hui organosulfur me ka mana C 2 H 4 O 2 C 4 H 2 S. Aia ka mole i ka thiophene, i pani ʻia ma nā kūlana 3 a me 4 me kahi ʻāpana ethylene glycolyl. He wai viscous kala ʻole ia.
1,3-Benzodioxolyl-N-ethylbutanamine: ʻO Ethylbenzodioxolylbutanamine kahi entactogen liʻiliʻi i ʻike ʻia, stimulant, a me psychedelic. ʻO ia ka N -ethyl analogue o benzodioxylbutanamine, a me ka α-ethyl analogue o methylenedioxyethylamphetamine.
Methylenedioxydimethylamphetamine: 3,4-Methylenedioxy- N , N -dimethylamphetamine ( MDDM ) kahi lāʻau psychedelic liʻiliʻi i ʻike ʻia. ʻO ia hoʻi ka N , N -dimethyl analog o 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA). Ua hana mua ʻia ʻo MDDM e Alexander Shulgin. I loko o kāna puke PiHKAL , ʻaʻole hōʻike ʻia nā ana a me ka lōʻihi e ʻike ʻole ʻia. Hoʻopuka wale ʻo MDDM i nā hopena akahai i hōʻike ʻole maikaʻi ʻia ma PiHKAL . Aia ka ʻikepili liʻiliʻi e pili ana i nā waiwai lāʻau, metabolism, a me nā mea ʻino o MDDM. ʻO kēia hui pū kekahi i kekahi manawa me he haumia lā i ka 3,4-methylenedioxy- N -methylamphetamine (MDMA) i synthesize ʻia e ka methylation o MDA me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā methylating reagents e like me methyl iodide. ʻO kahi keu o ka reagent a i ʻole kahi pāmahana hopena he kiʻekiʻe loa nā hopena i kekahi mau methylation pālua o ka amine nitrogen, e hāʻawi ana iā MDDM a me MDMA hoʻi. ʻO ke kū ʻana o MDDM ma ke ʻano he haumia hiki ke hōʻike i ke ala synthetic i hoʻohana ʻia e hana i nā laʻana o MDMA.
Methylenedioxyhydroxyethylamphetamine: ʻO MDHOET , a i ʻole 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-hydroxyethylamphetamine, kahi lāʻau psychedelic liʻiliʻi i ʻike ʻia a me kahi amphetamine pani. ʻO ia nō ka N-hydroxyethyl analogue o MDA. Ua hana mua ʻia ʻo MDHOET e Alexander Shulgin. I loko o kāna puke PiHKAL , helu ʻia ka mea palena iki e like me 50 mg. Hoʻokumu ʻo MDHOET i mau mea i nā hopena ʻole. Aia kahi ʻikepili liʻiliʻi e pili ana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, nā lāʻau lapaʻau, nā hopena, a me nā mea ʻino o MDHOET.
3,4-Methylenedioxy-N-isopropylamphetamine: 3,4-Methylenedioxy- N -isopropylamphetamine kahi lāʻau psychoactive o ka phenethylamine a me nā amphetamine kemika papa e hana ma ke ʻano he entactogen, psychedelic, a stimulant. ʻO ia ka N -isopropyl analogue o 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA). Ua hana mua ʻia ʻo MDIP e Alexander Shulgin. I loko o kāna puke PiHKAL , helu ʻia ka mea palena iki e like me 250 mg. Hoʻopuka ka MDIP i kahi paepae akahai. ʻAʻole ʻike iki ʻia e pili ana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, nā lāʻau lapaʻau, nā hopena, a me nā mea ʻino o MDIP.
2-Methyl-MDA: ʻO 2-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine ( 2-methyl-MDA ) kahi entactogen a me ka lāʻau psychedelic o ka papa amphetamine. Hana ia ma ke ʻano he serotonin mea hoʻokuʻu hoʻokuʻu (SSRA), me nā waiwai IC 50 o 93nM, 12,000nM, a me 1,937nM no ka serotonin, dopamine, a me nā effefox norepinephrine. ʻOi aku ka ikaika o 2-Methyl-MDA ma mua o MDA a me 5-methyl-MDA. Eia naʻe, ʻoi aku ke koho iki no ka serotonin ma luna o ka dopamine a me ka norepinephrine hoʻokuʻu i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana me 5-methyl-MDA.
Methylenedioxydimethylamphetamine: 3,4-Methylenedioxy- N , N -dimethylamphetamine ( MDDM ) kahi lāʻau psychedelic liʻiliʻi i ʻike ʻia. ʻO ia hoʻi ka N , N -dimethyl analog o 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA). Ua hana mua ʻia ʻo MDDM e Alexander Shulgin. I loko o kāna puke PiHKAL , ʻaʻole hōʻike ʻia nā ana a me ka lōʻihi e ʻike ʻole ʻia. Hoʻopuka wale ʻo MDDM i nā hopena akahai i hōʻike ʻole maikaʻi ʻia ma PiHKAL . Aia ka ʻikepili liʻiliʻi e pili ana i nā waiwai lāʻau, metabolism, a me nā mea ʻino o MDDM. ʻO kēia hui pū kekahi i kekahi manawa me he haumia lā i ka 3,4-methylenedioxy- N -methylamphetamine (MDMA) i synthesize ʻia e ka methylation o MDA me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā methylating reagents e like me methyl iodide. ʻO kahi keu o ka reagent a i ʻole kahi pāmahana hopena he kiʻekiʻe loa nā hopena i kekahi mau methylation pālua o ka amine nitrogen, e hāʻawi ana iā MDDM a me MDMA hoʻi. ʻO ke kū ʻana o MDDM ma ke ʻano he haumia hiki ke hōʻike i ke ala synthetic i hoʻohana ʻia e hana i nā laʻana o MDMA.
Methylenedioxybenzylamphetamine: ʻO MDBZ , a i ʻole 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-benzylamphetamine , kahi lāʻau psychedelic liʻiliʻi i ʻike ʻia. ʻO ia ka N-benzyl derivative o MDA. Ua hana mua ʻia ʻo MDBZ e Alexander Shulgin. I loko o kāna puke PiHKAL , helu ʻia ka mahele palena iki e like me 150 mg, a me ka lōʻihi ʻike ʻole ʻia. Hoʻopuka ka MDBZ i kekahi mau mea a i ʻole nā ​​hopena. Kakaʻikahi ka ʻikepili e pili ana i nā waiwai lāʻau, metabolism, a me nā mea ʻino o MDBZ.
3,4-Methylenedioxy-N-ethylamphetamine: ʻO 3,4-Methylenedioxy- N -ethylamphetamine kahi lāʻau psychoactive empathogenic. ʻO MDEA kahi amphetamine pani a me kahi methylenedioxyphenethylamine pani. Hana ʻo MDEA ma ke ʻano he serotonin, norepinephrine, a me ka mea hoʻopuka hoʻokuʻu dopamine a hoʻi hou i mea mea kāohi.
3,4-Methylenedioxy-N-hydroxy-N-methylamphetamine: 3,4-Methylenedioxy- N -hydroxy- N -methylamphetamine he entactogen, psychedelic, a me stimulant o ka phenethylamine a me nā amphetamine kemika papa. ʻO ia ka homologue N -hydroxy o MDMA ("Ecstasy"), a me ka homologue N -methyl o MDOH. Ua hana mua ʻia ʻo MDHMA a ua hoʻāʻo ʻia e Alexander Shulgin. I loko o kāna puke PiHKAL , ua helu ʻo Shulgin i nā kaha i 100-160 mg, a me ka lōʻihi ma kahi o 4-8 mau hola. Ua wehewehe ʻo MDHMA i ke kumu o ka entactogenic a me ka MDMA e like me nā hopena, hoʻomālielie i ke kamaʻilio ʻana, a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka mahalo i nā manaʻo.
3,4-Methylenedioxy-N-hydroxyamphetamine: 3,4-Methylenedioxy- N -hydroxyamphetamine mea entactogen, psychedelic, a me stimulant o ka phenethylamine a me amphetamine Nine Inch papa. ʻO ia ka homologue N -hydroxy o MDA, a me ka homologue N -desmethyl o MDHMA. Ua hoʻohālikelike mua ʻia ʻo MDOH e Alexander Shulgin. I loko o kāna puke PiHKAL , ua helu ʻo Shulgin i nā kaha i 100-160 mg, a me ka lōʻihi ma kahi o 3-6 mau hola. Ua wehewehe ʻo ia iā MDOH ma ke ʻano psychedelic a ke hoʻonui nei i ka leʻaleʻa i ka nani a me ke kūlohelohe. Ua ʻōlelo pū kekahi ʻo ia i nā hopena hopena maikaʻi ʻole i ʻike ʻia me MDMA ("Ecstasy") e like me ka paʻakikī o ka mimiki a me ka maloʻo o loko.
Methylenedioxyhydroxyethylamphetamine: ʻO MDHOET , a i ʻole 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-hydroxyethylamphetamine, kahi lāʻau psychedelic liʻiliʻi i ʻike ʻia a me kahi amphetamine pani. ʻO ia nō ka N-hydroxyethyl analogue o MDA. Ua hana mua ʻia ʻo MDHOET e Alexander Shulgin. I loko o kāna puke PiHKAL , helu ʻia ka mea palena iki e like me 50 mg. Hoʻokumu ʻo MDHOET i mau mea i nā hopena ʻole. Aia kahi ʻikepili liʻiliʻi e pili ana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, nā lāʻau lapaʻau, nā hopena, a me nā mea ʻino o MDHOET.
3,4-Methylenedioxy-N-hydroxy-N-methylamphetamine: 3,4-Methylenedioxy- N -hydroxy- N -methylamphetamine he entactogen, psychedelic, a me stimulant o ka phenethylamine a me nā amphetamine kemika papa. ʻO ia ka homologue N -hydroxy o MDMA ("Ecstasy"), a me ka homologue N -methyl o MDOH. Ua hana mua ʻia ʻo MDHMA a ua hoʻāʻo ʻia e Alexander Shulgin. I loko o kāna puke PiHKAL , ua helu ʻo Shulgin i nā kaha i 100-160 mg, a me ka lōʻihi ma kahi o 4-8 mau hola. Ua wehewehe ʻo MDHMA i ke kumu o ka entactogenic a me ka MDMA e like me nā hopena, hoʻomālielie i ke kamaʻilio ʻana, a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka mahalo i nā manaʻo.
3,4-Methylenedioxy-N-hydroxy-N-methylamphetamine: 3,4-Methylenedioxy- N -hydroxy- N -methylamphetamine he entactogen, psychedelic, a me stimulant o ka phenethylamine a me nā amphetamine kemika papa. ʻO ia ka homologue N -hydroxy o MDMA ("Ecstasy"), a me ka homologue N -methyl o MDOH. Ua hana mua ʻia ʻo MDHMA a ua hoʻāʻo ʻia e Alexander Shulgin. I loko o kāna puke PiHKAL , ua helu ʻo Shulgin i nā kaha i 100-160 mg, a me ka lōʻihi ma kahi o 4-8 mau hola. Ua wehewehe ʻo MDHMA i ke kumu o ka entactogenic a me ka MDMA e like me nā hopena, hoʻomālielie i ke kamaʻilio ʻana, a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka mahalo i nā manaʻo.
3,4-Methylenedioxy-N-hydroxy-N-methylamphetamine: 3,4-Methylenedioxy- N -hydroxy- N -methylamphetamine he entactogen, psychedelic, a me stimulant o ka phenethylamine a me nā amphetamine kemika papa. ʻO ia ka homologue N -hydroxy o MDMA ("Ecstasy"), a me ka homologue N -methyl o MDOH. Ua hana mua ʻia ʻo MDHMA a ua hoʻāʻo ʻia e Alexander Shulgin. I loko o kāna puke PiHKAL , ua helu ʻo Shulgin i nā kaha i 100-160 mg, a me ka lōʻihi ma kahi o 4-8 mau hola. Ua wehewehe ʻo MDHMA i ke kumu o ka entactogenic a me ka MDMA e like me nā hopena, hoʻomālielie i ke kamaʻilio ʻana, a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka mahalo i nā manaʻo.
3,4-Methylenedioxy-N-isopropylamphetamine: 3,4-Methylenedioxy- N -isopropylamphetamine kahi lāʻau psychoactive o ka phenethylamine a me nā amphetamine kemika papa e hana ma ke ʻano he entactogen, psychedelic, a stimulant. ʻO ia ka N -isopropyl analogue o 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA). Ua hana mua ʻia ʻo MDIP e Alexander Shulgin. I loko o kāna puke PiHKAL , helu ʻia ka mea palena iki e like me 250 mg. Hoʻopuka ka MDIP i kahi paepae akahai. ʻAʻole ʻike iki ʻia e pili ana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, nā lāʻau lapaʻau, nā hopena, a me nā mea ʻino o MDIP.
3,4-Methylenedioxy-N-methoxyamphetamine: 3,4-Methylenedioxy- N -methoxyamphetamine kahi lāʻau psychedelic liʻiliʻi i ʻike ʻia a me kahi amphetamine pani. ʻO ia nō ka N-methoxy analogue o MDA. Ua hana mua ʻia ʻo MDMEO e Alexander Shulgin. I loko o kāna puke PiHKAL , helu ʻia ka palena iki ma 180 mg. E loaʻa paha ʻo MDMEO i mau aniani keʻokeʻo. Hoʻopuka ia i mau mea i ʻole hopena. Aia kahi ʻikepili liʻiliʻi e pili ana i nā waiwai lāʻau, metabolism, a me nā mea ʻino o MDMEO.
3,4-Methylenedioxy-N-hydroxy-N-methylamphetamine: 3,4-Methylenedioxy- N -hydroxy- N -methylamphetamine he entactogen, psychedelic, a me stimulant o ka phenethylamine a me nā amphetamine kemika papa. ʻO ia ka homologue N -hydroxy o MDMA ("Ecstasy"), a me ka homologue N -methyl o MDOH. Ua hana mua ʻia ʻo MDHMA a ua hoʻāʻo ʻia e Alexander Shulgin. I loko o kāna puke PiHKAL , ua helu ʻo Shulgin i nā kaha i 100-160 mg, a me ka lōʻihi ma kahi o 4-8 mau hola. Ua wehewehe ʻo MDHMA i ke kumu o ka entactogenic a me ka MDMA e like me nā hopena, hoʻomālielie i ke kamaʻilio ʻana, a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka mahalo i nā manaʻo.
3,4-Methylenedioxy-N-hydroxy-N-methylamphetamine: 3,4-Methylenedioxy- N -hydroxy- N -methylamphetamine he entactogen, psychedelic, a me stimulant o ka phenethylamine a me nā amphetamine kemika papa. ʻO ia ka homologue N -hydroxy o MDMA ("Ecstasy"), a me ka homologue N -methyl o MDOH. Ua hana mua ʻia ʻo MDHMA a ua hoʻāʻo ʻia e Alexander Shulgin. I loko o kāna puke PiHKAL , ua helu ʻo Shulgin i nā kaha i 100-160 mg, a me ka lōʻihi ma kahi o 4-8 mau hola. Ua wehewehe ʻo MDHMA i ke kumu o ka entactogenic a me ka MDMA e like me nā hopena, hoʻomālielie i ke kamaʻilio ʻana, a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka mahalo i nā manaʻo.
MDMA: 3,4-Methyl Enedioxy ʻO ka methamphetamine ( MDMA ), ʻike ʻia he ecstasy ( E ) a i ʻole molly , kahi lāʻau psychoactive i hoʻohana mua ʻia no nā hana leʻaleʻa. ʻO nā hopena i makemake ʻia e komo pū me nā sensation i hoʻololi ʻia, hoʻonui i ka ikehu, empati, a me ka leʻaleʻa. Ke lawe ʻia e ka waha, hoʻomaka nā hopena ma 30 a 45 mau minuke a hala 3 a 6 mau hola.
Homarylamine: ʻO Homarylamine kahi lāʻau antitussive (anti-cough) i patent ʻia i ka 1956 e Merck & Co., akā ʻaʻole i hoʻohana ʻia me kahi lāʻau lapaʻau e like me kēlā.
3,4-Methylenedioxy-N-methylphentermine: 3,4-Methylenedioxy- N -methylphentermine kahi lāʻau psychedelic liʻiliʻi ʻike ʻia. Ua hana mua ʻia ʻo MDMP e Alexander Shulgin. I kāna puke PiHKAL , helu ʻia ka mahele palena iki e like me 110 mg, a helu ʻia ka lōʻihi ma kahi o 6 mau hola. Hana ka MDMP i mau hopena a i ʻole hopena, a ʻano like me MDMA. Aia nā ʻikepili liʻiliʻi loa e pili ana i nā waiwai lāʻau, metabolism, a me nā mea ʻino o MDMP.
3,4-Methylenedioxyphentermine: 3,4-Methylenedioxyphentermine ( MDPH ) kahi lāʻau psychedelic liʻiliʻi ʻike ʻia. Ua hana mua ʻia ʻo MDPH e Alexander Shulgin. I loko o kāna puke PiHKAL , helu ʻia ka laulā hana e like me 160-240 mg, a me ka lōʻihi o 3-5 mau hola. Ua like loa nā hopena o MDPH me ko MDA: ʻoluʻolu lāua "pōhaku," ʻaʻole kumu o kekahi kiʻi. Hoʻololi lākou i nā moemoeā a me nā moemoeā. Ua wehewehe ʻo Shulgin iā MDPH ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻolaha; paipai ia i nā hopena o nā lāʻau ʻē aʻe, like me 2C-D. Aia kahi ʻikepili liʻiliʻi e pili ana i nā waiwai lāʻau, metabolism, a me nā mea ʻino o MDPH.
1,3-Benzodioxolyl-N-ethylpentanamine: ʻO N -Ethyl-1,3-benzodioxolylpentanamine kahi lāʻau psychoactive a he lālā o ka papa kemikala phenethylamine e hana nei ma ke ʻano he entactogen, psychedelic, a stimulant. ʻO ia ka analog N -ethyl o 1,3-benzodioxolylpentanamine. Ua hana mua ʻia ʻo Ethyl-K e Alexander Shulgin. I loko o kāna puke PiHKAL , helu ʻia ka palena iki me 40 mg a ʻike ʻole ʻia ka lōʻihi. ʻAʻole ʻike iki ʻia e pili ana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, nā lāʻau lapaʻau, nā hopena, a me nā mea ʻino o Ethyl-K.
1,3-Benzodioxolyl-N-methylpentanamine: ʻO N -Methyl-1,3-benzodioxolylpentanamine , ʻo 3,4-methylenedioxy-α-propyl- N -methylphenethylamine , kahi lāʻau psychoactive o ka papa kemikala phenethylamine. ʻO ia ka N -methyl analogue o 1,3-benzodioxolylpentanamine. Ua hana mua ʻia ʻo Methyl-K e Alexander Shulgin. I kāna puke PiHKAL, helu ʻia ka mahele palena iki e like me 100 mg, a ʻike ʻole ʻia ka lōʻihi. ʻAʻole ʻike iki ʻia e pili ana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, nā lāʻau lapaʻau, nā hopena, a me nā mea ʻino o Methyl-K.
1,3-Benzodioxolyl-N-ethylpentanamine: ʻO N -Ethyl-1,3-benzodioxolylpentanamine kahi lāʻau psychoactive a he lālā o ka papa kemikala phenethylamine e hana nei ma ke ʻano he entactogen, psychedelic, a stimulant. ʻO ia ka analog N -ethyl o 1,3-benzodioxolylpentanamine. Ua hana mua ʻia ʻo Ethyl-K e Alexander Shulgin. I loko o kāna puke PiHKAL , helu ʻia ka palena iki me 40 mg a ʻike ʻole ʻia ka lōʻihi. ʻAʻole ʻike iki ʻia e pili ana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, nā lāʻau lapaʻau, nā hopena, a me nā mea ʻino o Ethyl-K.
BOH (lāʻau lāʻau): ʻO ka BOH , ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo 3,4-methylenedioxy-β-methoxyphenethylamine , kahi lāʻau o ka papa phenethylamine. ʻO ia ka analog-methoxy analog o methylenedioxyphenethylamine (MDPEA) a pili pū kekahi me ka mamao loa i ka methylone. Ma muli o kona ʻano like me ka norepinephrine, nā ʻano o ka BOH he ʻano adrenergic wale nō.
BOH (lāʻau lāʻau): ʻO ka BOH , ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo 3,4-methylenedioxy-β-methoxyphenethylamine , kahi lāʻau o ka papa phenethylamine. ʻO ia ka analog-methoxy analog o methylenedioxyphenethylamine (MDPEA) a pili pū kekahi me ka mamao loa i ka methylone. Ma muli o kona ʻano like me ka norepinephrine, nā ʻano o ka BOH he ʻano adrenergic wale nō.
ʻO Ethylone: ʻO Ethylone , i ʻike ʻia he 3,4-methylenedioxy- N -ethylcathinone , kahi lāʻau hoʻolālā hoʻolālā hoʻoliʻiliʻi i hoʻonohonoho ʻia ma ke ʻano he entactogen, stimulant, a me psychedelic o nā phenethylamine, amphetamine, a me nā papa kemikala cathinone. ʻO ia ka analog-keto analogue o MDEA ("Eve"). He moʻolelo pōkole wale kā Ethylone o ka hoʻohana a ke kanaka a hōʻike ʻia ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o ka methylone pili. Ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ua hoʻomaka ʻia e loaʻa i nā huahana cathinone i ka hopena o 2011.
Methylone: ʻO Methylone kahi emphogen a me kahi lāʻau psychoactive stimulant. He lālā ia o ka amphetamine pani, pani cathinone a me nā papa methylenedioxyphenethylamine pani.
3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine: 3,4-Methylene Dioxy Amphetamine ( MDA ), ʻike pinepine ʻia ma ke ʻano he sass , kahi lāʻau emphogen-entactogen, psychostimulant, a me ka lāʻau psychedelic o ka ʻohana amphetamine i kū nui ʻia ma ke ʻano he lāʻau leʻaleʻa. E pili ana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, hana nui ka MDA ma ke ʻano he hoʻokuʻu hoʻokuʻu serotonin-norepinephrine-dopamine (SNDRA). I ka hapanui o nā ʻāina, he lāʻau hoʻomalu ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau a he kū kānāwai ke kuleana a me ke kūʻai aku.
1,3-Benzodioxolylbutanamine: 1,3-Benzodioxolylbutanamine kahi lāʻau entactogenic o ka papa kemikala phenethylamine. ʻO ia ka α-ethyl analog o MDPEA a me MDA a me ka analog methylenedioxy o ka α-ethylphenethylamine.
3,4-Methylenedioxy-N-ethylamphetamine: ʻO 3,4-Methylenedioxy- N -ethylamphetamine kahi lāʻau psychoactive empathogenic. ʻO MDEA kahi amphetamine pani a me kahi methylenedioxyphenethylamine pani. Hana ʻo MDEA ma ke ʻano he serotonin, norepinephrine, a me ka mea hoʻopuka hoʻokuʻu dopamine a hoʻi hou i mea mea kāohi.
3,4-Methylenedioxy-N-hydroxy-N-methylamphetamine: 3,4-Methylenedioxy- N -hydroxy- N -methylamphetamine he entactogen, psychedelic, a me stimulant o ka phenethylamine a me nā amphetamine kemika papa. ʻO ia ka homologue N -hydroxy o MDMA ("Ecstasy"), a me ka homologue N -methyl o MDOH. Ua hana mua ʻia ʻo MDHMA a ua hoʻāʻo ʻia e Alexander Shulgin. I loko o kāna puke PiHKAL , ua helu ʻo Shulgin i nā kaha i 100-160 mg, a me ka lōʻihi ma kahi o 4-8 mau hola. Ua wehewehe ʻo MDHMA i ke kumu o ka entactogenic a me ka MDMA e like me nā hopena, hoʻomālielie i ke kamaʻilio ʻana, a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka mahalo i nā manaʻo.
3,4-Methylenedioxy-N-hydroxy-N-methylamphetamine: 3,4-Methylenedioxy- N -hydroxy- N -methylamphetamine he entactogen, psychedelic, a me stimulant o ka phenethylamine a me nā amphetamine kemika papa. ʻO ia ka homologue N -hydroxy o MDMA ("Ecstasy"), a me ka homologue N -methyl o MDOH. Ua hana mua ʻia ʻo MDHMA a ua hoʻāʻo ʻia e Alexander Shulgin. I loko o kāna puke PiHKAL , ua helu ʻo Shulgin i nā kaha i 100-160 mg, a me ka lōʻihi ma kahi o 4-8 mau hola. Ua wehewehe ʻo MDHMA i ke kumu o ka entactogenic a me ka MDMA e like me nā hopena, hoʻomālielie i ke kamaʻilio ʻana, a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka mahalo i nā manaʻo.
3,4-Methylenedioxy-N-hydroxy-N-methylamphetamine: 3,4-Methylenedioxy- N -hydroxy- N -methylamphetamine he entactogen, psychedelic, a me stimulant o ka phenethylamine a me nā amphetamine kemika papa. ʻO ia ka homologue N -hydroxy o MDMA ("Ecstasy"), a me ka homologue N -methyl o MDOH. Ua hana mua ʻia ʻo MDHMA a ua hoʻāʻo ʻia e Alexander Shulgin. I loko o kāna puke PiHKAL , ua helu ʻo Shulgin i nā kaha i 100-160 mg, a me ka lōʻihi ma kahi o 4-8 mau hola. Ua wehewehe ʻo MDHMA i ke kumu o ka entactogenic a me ka MDMA e like me nā hopena, hoʻomālielie i ke kamaʻilio ʻana, a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka mahalo i nā manaʻo.
MDMA: 3,4-Methyl Enedioxy ʻO ka methamphetamine ( MDMA ), ʻike ʻia he ecstasy ( E ) a i ʻole molly , kahi lāʻau psychoactive i hoʻohana mua ʻia no nā hana leʻaleʻa. ʻO nā hopena i makemake ʻia e komo pū me nā sensation i hoʻololi ʻia, hoʻonui i ka ikehu, empati, a me ka leʻaleʻa. Ke lawe ʻia e ka waha, hoʻomaka nā hopena ma 30 a 45 mau minuke a hala 3 a 6 mau hola.
Methylone: ʻO Methylone kahi emphogen a me kahi lāʻau psychoactive stimulant. He lālā ia o ka amphetamine pani, pani cathinone a me nā papa methylenedioxyphenethylamine pani.
Homarylamine: ʻO Homarylamine kahi lāʻau antitussive (anti-cough) i patent ʻia i ka 1956 e Merck & Co., akā ʻaʻole i hoʻohana ʻia me kahi lāʻau lapaʻau e like me kēlā.
3,4-Methylenedioxyphenethylamine: ʻO 3,4-Methylenedioxyphenethylamine , i kapa ʻia ʻo homopiperonylamine , kahi phenethylamine pani e hana ʻia e ka hoʻohui ʻana i kahi hui methylenedioxy i phenethylamine. Kūlike like ia me MDA, akā me ka ʻole o ka hui methyl ma ke kūlana alpha.
3,4-Methylenedioxyphentermine: 3,4-Methylenedioxyphentermine ( MDPH ) kahi lāʻau psychedelic liʻiliʻi ʻike ʻia. Ua hana mua ʻia ʻo MDPH e Alexander Shulgin. I loko o kāna puke PiHKAL , helu ʻia ka laulā hana e like me 160-240 mg, a me ka lōʻihi o 3-5 mau hola. Ua like loa nā hopena o MDPH me ko MDA: ʻoluʻolu lāua "pōhaku," ʻaʻole kumu o kekahi kiʻi. Hoʻololi lākou i nā moemoeā a me nā moemoeā. Ua wehewehe ʻo Shulgin iā MDPH ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻolaha; paipai ia i nā hopena o nā lāʻau ʻē aʻe, like me 2C-D. Aia kahi ʻikepili liʻiliʻi e pili ana i nā waiwai lāʻau, metabolism, a me nā mea ʻino o MDPH.
3,4-Methylenedioxypropiophenone: ʻO 3,4-Methylenedioxypropiophenone , ʻo 3,4- (Methylenedioxy) phenyl-1-propanone ( MDP1P ), he phenylpropanoid i loaʻa i kekahi mau mea kanu o ka genus Piper a he isomer o 3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl-2-propanone (MDP2P).
ʻO Isosafrole: ʻO Isosafrole kahi hui kūlohelohe i hoʻohana ʻia i ka ʻoihana ʻala. Structurally, pili ka mole i ka phenylpropene, kahi ʻano kemika mea ʻaʻala. Hoʻomanaʻo kona ʻala i ka anise a i ʻole ka laikini. Loaʻa ia i nā kālā liʻiliʻi i nā aila pono like ʻole, akā loaʻa pinepine ʻia e ka isomerizing i ka safrole aila mea kanu. Aia ia ma ke ʻano he ʻelua isometers geometric, cis -isosafrole a me trans -isosafrole.
3,4-Methylenedioxyphenylpropan-2-hoʻokahi: ʻO 3,4-Methylenedioxyphenylpropan-2-hoʻokahi a i ʻole piperonyl methyl ketone kahi hui kemika i loko o kahi hui phenylacetone i pani ʻia me kahi hui hana methylenedioxy. Hoʻohui pinepine ʻia ia mai nā safrole a i ʻole kāna isomer isosafrole ma o ka hoʻowali ʻia ʻana me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka Wacker oxidation a i ʻole peroxyacid oxidation ʻano hana. Kūpono ʻole ʻo MDP2P i ka mahana wela o ka lumi a pono e mālama ʻia i ka pahu hau no ka mālama pono ʻana.
3,4-Methylenedioxyphenylpropan-2-hoʻokahi: ʻO 3,4-Methylenedioxyphenylpropan-2-hoʻokahi a i ʻole piperonyl methyl ketone kahi hui kemika i loko o kahi hui phenylacetone i pani ʻia me kahi hui hana methylenedioxy. Hoʻohui pinepine ʻia ia mai nā safrole a i ʻole kāna isomer isosafrole ma o ka hoʻowali ʻia ʻana me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka Wacker oxidation a i ʻole peroxyacid oxidation ʻano hana. Kūpono ʻole ʻo MDP2P i ka mahana wela o ka lumi a pono e mālama ʻia i ka pahu hau no ka mālama pono ʻana.
3,4-Methylenedioxyphenylpropan-2-hoʻokahi: ʻO 3,4-Methylenedioxyphenylpropan-2-hoʻokahi a i ʻole piperonyl methyl ketone kahi hui kemika i loko o kahi hui phenylacetone i pani ʻia me kahi hui hana methylenedioxy. Hoʻohui pinepine ʻia ia mai nā safrole a i ʻole kāna isomer isosafrole ma o ka hoʻowali ʻia ʻana me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka Wacker oxidation a i ʻole peroxyacid oxidation ʻano hana. Kūpono ʻole ʻo MDP2P i ka mahana wela o ka lumi a pono e mālama ʻia i ka pahu hau no ka mālama pono ʻana.
Methylenedioxyphenylpropene: Hiki i ka Methylenedioxyphenylpropene (C 10 H 10 O 2 ) ke kuhikuhi i kekahi: ʻO Isosafrole ʻO Safrole
3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine: 3,4-Methylene Dioxy Amphetamine ( MDA ), ʻike pinepine ʻia ma ke ʻano he sass , kahi lāʻau emphogen-entactogen, psychostimulant, a me ka lāʻau psychedelic o ka ʻohana amphetamine i kū nui ʻia ma ke ʻano he lāʻau leʻaleʻa. E pili ana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, hana nui ka MDA ma ke ʻano he hoʻokuʻu hoʻokuʻu serotonin-norepinephrine-dopamine (SNDRA). I ka hapanui o nā ʻāina, he lāʻau hoʻomalu ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau a he kū kānāwai ke kuleana a me ke kūʻai aku.
3,4-Xylenol: ʻO 3,4-Xylenol kahi hui kemika kahi o nā ʻomoma ʻeono o xylenol.
3,4-Xylidine: ʻO 3,4-Xylidine kahi hui pū me ke ʻano C 6 H 3 (CH 3 ) 2 NH 2 . ʻO ia kekahi o nā xylidines isomeric. He paʻa kala ʻole ia. He mea mua ia no ka hana ʻana o riboflavin (wikamina B 2 ).
3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine: 3,4-Methylene Dioxy Amphetamine ( MDA ), ʻike pinepine ʻia ma ke ʻano he sass , kahi lāʻau emphogen-entactogen, psychostimulant, a me ka lāʻau psychedelic o ka ʻohana amphetamine i kū nui ʻia ma ke ʻano he lāʻau leʻaleʻa. E pili ana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, hana nui ka MDA ma ke ʻano he hoʻokuʻu hoʻokuʻu serotonin-norepinephrine-dopamine (SNDRA). I ka hapanui o nā ʻāina, he lāʻau hoʻomalu ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau a he kū kānāwai ke kuleana a me ke kūʻai aku.
Pinostilbene: ʻO Pinostilbene kahi stilbenoid i loaʻa ma Gnetum venosum a i ka ʻili o Pinus sibirica .
3,4′-Dihydroxystilbene: 3,4′-Dihydroxystilbene kahi stilbenoid i loaʻa i nā aʻa o Hydrangea macrophylla .
Pinostilbene: ʻO Pinostilbene kahi stilbenoid i loaʻa ma Gnetum venosum a i ka ʻili o Pinus sibirica .
3,4′-Dihydroxystilbene: 3,4′-Dihydroxystilbene kahi stilbenoid i loaʻa i nā aʻa o Hydrangea macrophylla .
3,3 ', 5-Triiodothyronamine: 3,3 ', 5-Triiodothyronamine he thyronamine.
Triiodothyronine: ʻO Triiodothyronine , ʻike ʻia ʻo T 3 , kahi thyroid hormone. Hoʻopili ia i kēlā me kēia kaʻina hana physiological i ke kino, me ka ulu a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana, ka metabolism, ka mahana o ke kino, a me ka helu o ka puʻuwai.
Eupatolitin: ʻO Eupatolitin kahi hui kemika. He O -methylated flavonol , kahi ʻano flavonoid. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ʻo Eupatolitin ma Brickellia veronicaefolia a me Ipomopsis aggregata .
Rhamnazin: ʻO Rhamnazin kahi flavonol O -methylated , kahi ʻano o ka hui kemika. Hiki ke loaʻa iā ia ma Rhamnus petiolaris , kahi lāʻau buckthorn mea kanu i Sri Lanka.
Resveratroloside: ʻO Resveratroloside kahi stilbenoid glucoside. Hiki ke loaʻa ma Paeonia lactiflora .
Isophorone: ʻO Isophorone kahi α, β-unsaturated cyclic ketone. He wai kala ʻole ia me kahi ʻano like o ka peppermint-like, ʻoiai e ʻike ʻia nā laʻana kalepa melemele. Hoʻohana ʻia me he mea hoʻoheheʻe a ma ke ʻano he precursor i nā polymers, hana ʻia ia ma kahi pālākiō nui ʻoihana.
Isophorone: ʻO Isophorone kahi α, β-unsaturated cyclic ketone. He wai kala ʻole ia me kahi ʻano like o ka peppermint-like, ʻoiai e ʻike ʻia nā laʻana kalepa melemele. Hoʻohana ʻia me he mea hoʻoheheʻe a ma ke ʻano he precursor i nā polymers, hana ʻia ia ma kahi pālākiō nui ʻoihana.
TCPy: ʻO TCPy a i ʻole 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol kahi metabolite o chlorpyrifos a me chlorpyrifos-methyl, ʻelua insecticides organophosphate. Ua hōʻike kahi noiʻi ma Massachusetts i ka pilina ma waena o ka hōʻike ʻana i TCPy a me nā pae testosterone haʻahaʻa i nā kāne. Wahi a kēia kumuwaiwai, "ākea" ka hōʻike ʻana a no "hiki i ke olakino olakino lehulehu".
ʻO Quercetin: ʻO Quercetin kahi mea kanu flavonol mai ka hui flavonoid o polyphenols. Loaʻa ia i nā huaʻai, nā lau, nā lau, nā ʻanoʻano, a me nā hua hua he nui; ʻo nā ʻakaʻula a me nā kale nā ​​meaʻai maʻamau i loaʻa nā nui o ka quercetin i mahalo ʻia. He mea ʻawaʻawa kā Quercetin a hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻohui i nā meaʻai, nā mea inu, a me nā meaʻai.
Afzelechin: ʻO Afzelechin kahi flavan-3-ol, kahi ʻano flavonoid. Hiki ke loaʻa iā ia ma Bergenia ligulata . Aia ia ma kahi o 2 mau epimers nui.
Syringetin: ʻO Syringetin kahi flavonol O -methylated , kahi ʻano flavonoid. Loaʻa ia i nā hua waina ʻulaʻula, ma Lysimachia congestiflora a ma Vaccinium uliginosum . ʻO ia kekahi o nā pūhui phenolic i loaʻa i ka waina.
Spinacetin: ʻO Spinacetin kahi flavonol O -methylated . Hiki ke loaʻa ma ka milo.
ʻO Gossypetin: ʻO Gossypetin , i ʻike ʻia he 3,5,7,8,3 ', 4'-hexahydroxyflavone , kahi flavonol, kahi ʻano flavonoid. Ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ia mai nā pua a me ka calyx o Hibiscus sabdariffa (roselle) a hōʻike i kahi hana antibacterial ikaika. Ua ʻike ʻia ka hui e hana ma ke ʻano he antagonist o TrkB. I kēia mau lā ua hōʻike ʻia he hana radioprotective ka gossypetin.
ʻO Gossypetin: ʻO Gossypetin , i ʻike ʻia he 3,5,7,8,3 ', 4'-hexahydroxyflavone , kahi flavonol, kahi ʻano flavonoid. Ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ia mai nā pua a me ka calyx o Hibiscus sabdariffa (roselle) a hōʻike i kahi hana antibacterial ikaika. Ua ʻike ʻia ka hui e hana ma ke ʻano he antagonist o TrkB. I kēia mau lā ua hōʻike ʻia he hana radioprotective ka gossypetin.